I HC HU TRNG I HC NGOI NG KHOA QUC T HC ----- ----- HONG PHNG MY MY QUAN H VIT - MYẻ VAè TAẽC ĩNG CUA NOẽ N AN NINH NG NAM Aẽ SAU CHIN TRANH LANH KHểA LUN TT NGHIP I HC NGOI NG Ngnh hc: QUC T HC Cỏn b hng dn: PGS.TS. TRNH TH NH i Huế, Khoá học 2007-2011 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Acknowledgements iii Abstract iv Abbreviations v INTRODUCTION 1 1. Topic significance 1 2. Literature Review 2 3. Aims of the research 5 4. Research questions 5 5. Research scope 5 6. Methodology 6 1. Data collection 6 2. Document review 7 7. Thesis structure 7 FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 8 Chapter 1: Vietnam position in the U.S. Southeast Asian policy 8 1.1. Overview of U.S. policy towards Southeast Asia in the post Cold War period 8 1.1.1. Overview of Southeast Asia 8 1.1.2. The U.S. policy towards Southeast Asia in the post Cold War period 10 1.2. The U.S. policy towards Vietnam 14 1.2.1. From the end of Vietnam War to 1991 14 1.2.2. In the post Cold War period 15 Chapter 2: The U.S - Vietnamese Relations 18 2.1. During Cold War 18 2.1.1. Confrontation between two countries 18 2.1.1.1. International and regional situation 18 2.1.1.2. The United States policy towards Southeast Asia 20 iii 2.1.2. The United States - Vietnamese Relations 20 2.2. The U.S. - Vietnamese Relations after the Cold War 21 2.2.1. Historical situation 21 2.2.1.1. International situation 21 2.2.1.2. Regional situation 22 2.2.1.3. Vietnam strategic position in Southeast Asia 22 2.2.2. The United States policy towards Vietnam. 23 2.2.2.1. From 1975 to 1995 23 2.2.2.2. U.S. - Vietnamese Relations after Vietnam war 25 2.2.2.3. Post-Cold War period and Normalization 27 Chapter 3: Impact of the U.S. - Vietnamese relation on Southeast Asian Security 35 3.1. During the Cold War 35 3.2. 1991-now 36 3.2.1.1991-1995 36 3.2.2. 1995-now 38 CONCLUSION 46 IMPLICATIONS 46 LIMITATIONS 47 FURTHER RESEARCH 47 REFERENCES 48 APPENDIX iv Among many people who I am indebted for the completion of this thesis, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor Mrs. Trinh Thi Dinh, for her trusted guidance and enthusiastically help through the completion of this research. She has also fostered my passion for international relations when I have learnt this subject with her as a sophomore in the Hue University College of Foreign Languages. In the process of doing this thesis, I have received lots of useful comments and generous advices which are indispensable for this paper. Furthermore, she has provided me the useful sources of material for this study. I deeply thank Ms Nguyen Thi Thuy Binh for her first suggestion for my research topic. I would like to show my gratitude to her for enthusiasm in teaching me about international relations and relevant issues which I do research. What I write here might have lacked insight and perceptiveness without her former lessons. Indeed, I will always remember her lessons with many interesting discussions and controversial issues. I would like to thank Mrs. Nguyen Thi Thanh Thuy, a teacher of Department of International Studies, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University, for her applicable materials about the United States - Vietnamese Relations. I would appreciate all my teachers in the Department of International Studies to teach and help me during the time I have learnt in the Hue University College of Foreign Languages. v I also give my thanks to my friends in International Studies K4 for their assistance in whole four years when I have learnt in this school as well as when I do this research. I debt a grateful thank to my family who encouraged and provided me with the most favorable conditions during the completion of my study. Hue, May 2011 Hoang Phuong My My ABSTRACT This research paper aims at research the relationship between the United States and Vietnam and its impact on Southeast Asian security after the post Cold War period. This research project contains 5 parts. Part 1 introduces the background and the objectives. Part 2 presents the theoretical background. Part 3 describes the methodology. Part 4 shows the results of the findings and the rest closes the research. Material collection is key method used to gather the data. Hopefully, this research, to a certain extent, can be useful for those who care about the United States - Vietnamese Relation and Its Impact on Southeast Asian Security in the post Cold War period as well. vi vi Hoang Phuong My My ABBREVIATIONS ADB: Asian Development Bank AEC: ASEAN economic community AIA: American International Assurance AFTA: ASEAN Free Trade Area ASEAN: The Association of Southeast Asian Nations APEC: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation AMM: ASEAN Ministerial Meeting ANZUS: Australia, New Zealand, United States Security Treaty ARF: ASEAN Regional Forum ASC: ASEAN Security Community BTA: Bilateral Trade Agreements CEPT: Common Effective Preferential Tariff EAS: East Asia Summit EU: European Union vii FDI: Foreign Direct Investment FPDA: The Five Power Defence Arrangements GDP: Gross Domestic Product IBM: International Business Machines IMET: International Military Education Training Program IMF: International Monetary Fund NATO: The North Atlantic Treaty Organization NAFTA: North American Free Trade Agreement. PNTR: Permanent Normal Trade Relations SEATO: Southeast Asia Treaty Organization TAC: Treaty of Amity and Cooperation The U.S.: The United States USSR: The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics UN: The United Nations WB: World Bank WTO: The World Trade Organization viii ix INTRODUCTION 1. Topic Significance Before establishing the relations between Vietnam and the Unites States on July, 11 th 1995; the U.S. was Vietnam’s enemy in the Second Indochinese War. After the war, the relationship between two countries was interrupted from 1975 to 1995. However, in the post Cold War period, relations between the two countries have expressed better and have taken active steps to normalize relations. In the context of the Cold War ended, the major countries controlled their strategy, the U.S. became the only superpower and had some significant adjustments in global strategy, in the U.S. - Vietnamese relations and strategies for Southeast Asia as well. Moreover, the U.S. is a superpower, the main focus of the U.S. policy on Southeast Asia after the cold war period was on security to maintain its influence gained during World War II. The purpose was containment of communism and to achieve this, it supported even the authoritarian governments of Southeast Asia, as long as the U.S. interests were served. In the 21 st century, the U.S. shifted its focus from security to economic issues. Vietnam needs to take advantage of this relationship to strengthen the economic cooperation, technology development, capital and learning how to manage the economy to serve the industrialization and modernize the country. The normalization of the U.S. - Vietnamese relations was a key factor in maintaining, balancing forces as well as stability in Southeast Asia in general and Asia Pacific in particular. The U.S. is a significant partner in Vietnam’s diplomatic relations. So the thesis would be a general reference document in Vietnam - the U.S. relations to find some measures making the relations better and giving more benefits especially for Vietnam. Therefore, I chose the topic about the relationship between Vietnam and the United States, focusing on diplomatic relation between two countries from the post Cold War, and the effects of this relationship on regional security in Southeast 1 . QUC T HC ----- ----- HONG PHNG MY MY QUAN H VIT - MYẻ VAè TAẽC ĩNG CUA NOẽ N AN NINH NG NAM Aẽ SAU CHIN TRANH LANH KHểA LUN TT NGHIP I HC NGOI NG Ngnh. vi vi Hoang Phuong My My ABBREVIATIONS ADB: Asian Development Bank AEC: ASEAN economic community AIA: American International Assurance AFTA: ASEAN Free