Writing Skills Integrated Task Content Revision f Checklis CONTENT_ | | Thesis Statement Topics that support the thesis ‘Main ideas ‘Supporting details FLUENCY AND COHESION ‘Transition words Grammar and Spelling Sentence variety v CHECK FOR THESIS STATEMENT The model essay has a thesis statement that shows understanding of the task, The task asks the writer to summarize points and explain how one casts doubt on the other, that is, to contrast them The first two sentences are the thesis statement They summarize the main idea of the reading and of the lecture The transition words Jn contrast let the reader know that these ideas are opposite to each other Task: Contrast words: ‘Summarize points and explain how one casts doubt on the other Jn contrast ‘Transition words ‘Grammar and Spelling Sentence variety V CHECK FOR TOPICS THAT SUPPORT THE THESIS The supporting topics are the main idea of the reading and the main idea of the lecture, They are presentedin the thesis statement, The model essay surmmarizes the main points of the reading and of the lecture and explains how the author’ ideas are supported by the speaker's ideas Main idea of the reading and lecture Reading Color has psychological effects Lecture A study showed no effect of color on appetite 105 106 Writing for the TOEFL iBT Supporting details FLUENCY AND COHESION “Transition words Grammar and Spelling Sentence variety V CHECK FOR MAIN IDEAS ‘The second paragraph in the model essay supports the reading main idea by summarizing the main points of the reading, The third paragraph in the model essay supports the lecture main idea by summarizing the main points of the lecture Color has psychological effects A study showed no effect of color on appetite g oh | Ancient and modern people are interested | im this Colors are used to create different moods Colors can affect blood pressure and heart rate, ‘A fast-food chain compared restaurants with orange walls and beige walls and found no difference Writing Skills Integrated Task Thesis Statement “Topics that support the thesis Main ideas FLUENCY AND COHESION Transition words Grammar and Spelling ‘Sentence variety ~ CHECK FOR SUPPORTING DETAILS ‘The paragraphs in the model essay have topic sentences and supporting details In the body of the response, the topic sentences of the paragraphs match the topics introduced in the first paragraph Paragraph 2: Main idea «« different ways people have used the psychological effects of color Supporting decals ~ Ancient people used color for healing — Modern designers use color to create mood — Designers might use yellow to create a positive mood in an office — They can use neutral colors to create a clean, clear, and focused mood in health care centers — Restaurants often use orange and red to stimulate the appetite — Some scientists say that blue lowers the heart rate and blood pressure, while red raises blood pressure Paragraph 3: Main idea study that showed no relationship between color and appetite Supporting details — A fast-food restaurant chain had orange walls in half its restaurants and beige walls in the rest ofits restaurants — It recorded all the food ordered for two years — There was no difference between the restaurants with orange walls and the restaurants with beige walls 107 108 Writing for the TOEFL iBT Fluency and Cohesion Revision Checklis CONTENT Thesis Statement ‘Topics chat support the thesis Main ideas ‘Supporting details Grammar and Spelling Sentence variety Vv CHECK FOR TRANSITION WORDS ‘Transition words show how the ideas fit together The model essay includes appropriate transition words Demonstrates Demonstrates difference Clarifies a point Revision Checklist CONTENT Thesis Statement Topics that support the thesis Main ideas Supporting details (CY AND COHESION Transition words v | Grammar and Spelling Sentence variety V CHECK FOR GRAMMAR AND SPELLING There are no grammar or spelling errors in the model essay Writing Skills Integrated Task Revision Checklist CONTENT Thesis Statement ‘Topics that support the thesis Main ideas Supporting details ‘Transition words Grammar and Sj V CHECK FOR SENTENCE VARIETY The model essay uses a variety of sentence structures ‘Compound sentence Noun clause ‘Adjective clause Simple sentence ‘Ancient people used color for healing, and modern designers use color to create mood Other scientists not believe that color affects mood The speaker describes a study that showed no relationship between color and appetite People ordered the same food in both types of places 109 110 Writing for the TOEFL iBT Complete each essay by answering the questions that follow Essay ‘The author explains why global warming is a serious problem @) the speaker explains the impact of global warming in the northeastern United States @) „ Greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, hold heat in the atmosphere and result in rising temperatures on Earth As average temperatures rise, there are a number of effects (3) , scientists predict that weather patterns will change In addition, snow and ice will mele and sea levels will rise This can lead to flooding, drought, and powerful storms It can also affect the economy, particularly agriculeure and transportation (4) “The speaker explains the effects of global warming in the northeastern part of the United States This is a cold and snowy area 6) There are also fewer days with snow on the ground than there used to be ‘This has an effect on the economy because many people in this part of the world depend on the ski industry to make a living The predicted effects of global warming that the author described are already coming true, at least in the northeastern United States Choose the best way to complete the thesis statement (A) In contrast (B) Asa result (C) Likewise Choose the best main idea for this paragraph (A) The author explains that human activity, such as industry and cutting down forests, has resulted in an artificial increase in greenhouse gases in Earth’s atmosphere, with serious results (B) The author explains that itis difficult for scientists to come to agreement about whether or not global warming is actually occurring in the world today (©) The author explains that some people believe that greenhouse gases are very harmful, while others are sure that global warming is not such a very serious problem Choose the best transition word for this sentence (A) Nevertheless (B) First (C) However Writing Skills integrated Task 4, Choose the missing supporting detail (A) People will be better off economically, especially farmers (B) Economists predict that global warming will lead to a drop in gross national product and consumer consumption in countries around the world (©) Warmer temperatures will result in people using transportation more often as they will take more frequent vacations Choose the missing supporting detail (A) Since 1965, many people have moved to this part of the country (B) Since 1965, there has been a decrease in employment in this area, (©) Since 1965, temperatures in this region have risen Essay2 The reading passage talks about camouflage as a key survival strategy used by many animals, (6) The author explains how camouflage helps animals survive “There ae differen kinds of camouflage Some animals ae similar in color to their surroundings Deer, (7) have brown fur Some arctic animals change color with the seasons They are brown in the summer and change to white in the winter so they can hide in the snow (8) —_ Striped zebras and fish with shiny scales are two examples of this Some animals are mimics, taking on characteristics of another object or animal in their environment The green anole, a type of lizard, looks like a leaf The caterpillar of the hawk moth resembles a snake, Camouflage is important to both predators and prey It helps predators to be invisible to their victims, and it helps prey animals to hide from the animals that hunt them The speaker talks about how camouflage helps certain animals hide in the arctic environment Many of them are brown in the summet to match their summer environment and white in the winter when snow covers the ground One example is the arctic fox (9) —_ Ie is also a prey animal and needs to hide from its predators When ‘winter approaches, the fox sheds its brown fur and grows white fur (10) animal that does this is the lemming, Ienceds to be brown in the summer and white in the winter in order to hide from its main predator — the arctic fox Choose the best way to complete the thesis statement (A) Additionally, the speaker discusses other survival tactics used by animals, (B) Similarly, the speaker talks about the way that several arctic animals use camouflage for survival, (C) In contrast, the speaker explains how predators attack their prey 111 112 Writing for the TOEFL iBT Choose the best transition word for this sentence (A) for example (B) on the other hand (©) in addition Choose the missing supporting detail (A) Some herd animals have patterns on their fur that make it very easy to see them in any season of the year (B) Some herd animals have patterns on their fur that make them very beautiful to look at (©) Some herd animals have patterns on their fur that make it difficult for predators to pick out one animal from the group Choose the missing supporting detail (A) I looks very nice in the winter when it plays in the snow (B) [eis a predator, so it needs to be invisible to its prey while it hunts (©) In the summer it eats berries and other fruits and vegetation 10 Choose the best transition word for this sentence (A) Another (B) However (© Furthermore Essay q1) „In contrast, the lecture reports evidence that girls and women better in school than boys and men ‘The author describes research done by a psychologist who claims that men have higher intelligence than women The psychologist studied the results of intelligence tests taken by university students aged 17 and 18 (12) Furthermore, more men than women qualify as geniuses The psychologist suggests that the reason for men’s higher intelligence is their larger brain size (13) Inthe first place, study after study has shown that girls outperform boys in elementary school (14) in high schools all around the country there are far more girls than boys in advancedlevel classes (15) Each year, 170,000 more women than men earn college degrees The facts presented by the lecturer completely contradict the results of the study described in the reading passage Writing Skills integrated Task Choose the best way to complete the thesis statement (A) The reading passage describes a study which claims that men are more intelligent than women (B) The reading passage describes a study proving that girls are better students than boys (©) The reading passage describes a study of different educational methods used in schools around the country 12 Choose the missing supporting detail (A) Some researchers believe that IQ tests are not a valid measure of an individual’ intelligence (B) Some schools these days use intelligence tests to evaluate their students’ academic potential (©) The results showed that the IQs of the men averaged four points higher than the IQs of the women 13 Choose the missing main idea (A) The lecturer agrees that among school children, girls are generally smarter than boys (B) The lecturer has a contradictory viewpoint, discussing evidence that girls are better students than boys (©) The lecturer contradicts the author, stating that girls take more tests in school than boys 14 Choose the best transition word for this sentence (A) In addition (B) In contrast (©) In other words 15 Choose the (A) Finally, (B) Finally, (© Finally, missing supporting detail the same number of women as men attend college more than 60% of college students are women both men and women have found success in college 113 114 Writing for the TOEFL iBT Essay ‘The reading passage describes the benefits of genetically modified foods The lecture, (16) discusses the disadvantages of these foods ‘The author explains what genetically modified foods are and describes the advantages they have for food production and health (7) Some crops are genetically modified to be resistant to disease As a result, they are easier to cultivate and farmers can grow larger crops Other crops are genetically modified to contain more vitamins and minerals Golden rice, (8) „ has been modified to contain more vitamin A Additionally, some genetically modified crops are used to develop new products Scientists are currently working on a banana, for example, that can be used to produce vacines against serious diseases (9) „In the first place, some crops have been genetically modified to be resistant to insects, bur their genes could actually be transferred to those insects Then the insects would be resistant to insecticides, and the crops would not be protected (20) the effects of genetically modified foods on our health are not yet known, but there are serious possibilities Some examples are the development of allergies and of resistance to antibiotics Finally, many people are concerned that widespread use of genetically modified foods would allow a few large companies to dominate food production, According to the speaker, genetically modified foods may cause more problems than they solve 16 Choose the best way to complete the thesis statement (A) on the other hand (B) therefore (C) similady 17 Choose the missing supporting detail (A) Genetically modified foods have a number of advantages and disadvantages (B) Genetically modified foods are available for sale in most grocery stores (©) Genetically modified foods come from crops that have had their genes altered by technology 18 Choose the best transition word for this sentence (A) for instance (B) however (©) likewise Writing Skills Integrated Task 19 Choose the missing main idea The speaker discusses some serious problems with genetically modified foods The speaker believes that genetically modified foods have many advantages The speaker mentions that corn and soybeans are crops that are often genetically modified 20 Choose the best transition word for this sentence (A) Consequently (B) Furthermore (© Although (A) (B) (© Read the following essay and use the revision checklist to identify what is missing or incorrect Then revise the essay, adding the missing parts and correcting the errors Write the revised essay on your computer or on a piece of paper — Chachi CONTENT ‘Thesis Statement ‘Topics that support the thesis Main ideas Supporting details FLUENCY AND COHESION Transition words Grammar and Spelling Sentence variety The reading passage explains why farming is difficult in far northern regions in general The lecture is similar in the first place, the growing season is very short It might last three months or less, which is not enough time for most crops to mature ‘Additionally, few people live in northern regions because the cold weather is not attractive Therefore, farmers have to pay to transport their crops long distances to cities where they can sell them to a larger market Consequently, the harsh climate causes farm machinery to break down frequently The cost to repair or replace specialized farm equipment can to be very high The speaker discusses farmers working in a particular northem province He explains that many people have stopped farming in that area because they are no longer able to make a living that way One reason is the disease affecting the rye crop, one of the few crops that can be grown so far north Another reason is the rising cost of transportation Fewer and fewer farmers can afford to ship their crops to 115 116 Writing for the TOEFL iBT cities Although, because of the losses due to the rye disease, many farmers have difficulty paying the cost of maintaining their buildings and equipment For reasons similar to those outlined in the reading passage, many people in this northern province is leaving their farms to look for jobs in towns and cities Missing items: Paragraph 1: Paragraph 2: Paragraph 3: Grammar Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph and vocabulary errors: 1: 2: 3: CHECK THE SPELLING AND PUNCTUATION Spelling ‘Remember that there is no spell checker on the computer that you will use during the TOEFL iBT You must work to improve your spelling before you take the test ‘Whenever you read in English, pay close attention to words This will help you understand English spelling patterns You should be able to spell the most common English words before you take the test Here are some hints for dealing with spelling on the Integrated Task Pay special attention to how key words in the Reading passage are spelled Take careful notes on the spelling of these words Listen for these same words as you take notes during the Lecture ‘When you revise your essay, check your spelling against your notes Punctuation Also, whenever you read in English, pay attention to punctuation, This will help you when writing your response There are three important things to remember about punctuation when you write your responses * Indent each paragraph or use a space between paragraphs This will help the reader determine when you are starting a new topic * Capitalize the first word of each sentence This will help the reader determine when you are starting a new sentence * Put a period or question mark at the end of each sentence or question This will help the reader determine when you are ending a sentence or question Writing Skills Integrated Task Here are some other forms of punctuation that will help make your response easier to read Comma Use a comma in a list of three or more things It is optional to put a comma before the and Plants require sunlight, water, and soil It was an educational, interesting and entertaining program Use a comma between a noun and a following description The Baltic Sea, in northern Europe, is polluted with trash ‘The study participants, teenagers sixteen to eighteen, were asked about ‘smoking habits Use a comma to separate transition words, adjectives, or participles that are not part of the sentence or were added for emphasis Unfortunately, the success of the program did not last The effects on the local ecology, however, can be devastating, very devastating Use a comma between two independent clauses Office workers need to take frequent breaks, and they should use ergonomic equipment Many teens saw the ads, but only a few quit smoking Use a comma to separate a non-restrictive clause Elderly people, who are often lonely, can benefit from pet therapy The study, which included all of the company’s restaurants, looked at color of the walls and how this affected sales Use a comma after a subordinate clause at the beginning of a sentence If the store environment is pleasant, shoppers may spend more money Because we produce so much plastic, it ends up in the oceans Semicolon Use a semicolon to separate two closely related sentences Some people thought the program was successful; others disagreed Colon or Dash Use a colon or dash in front of a list or explanation ‘There are three things retailers can use to improve the store environment: color, lighting, and music Invasive vines are considered a threat for a very good reason—they strangle native plants 117 118 Writing for the TOEFL iBT Read she following sentences Some have misspelled words Revise the sentences, correcting the spelling Ifa sentence has no misspelled words, write “correct.” 1, Garlic mustard is a problm in the U.S because it threatens other springbluming plants by taking up lite, nutrients, and espace Garlic mustard also thretens the West Virginia wite butterfly Ie compeats with another type of mustard which is the butterfly’ food sourse Garlic mustard was first grown on Long Island for food and has since spread to other areas of the country 4, Childrens can learn new thins from TV The amownt of time spent waching TV is important Writing Skills Integrated Task More than three hours a day of TV watching results in louer reading and mathes test scors Surveys made at the end of an antiesmoking campane showed that 50% new about the campane and 40% would probably not smoke Three months later, the numbers had changed More than haf said they wood probaly smoke, and fewer than one-therd said they knew about the campaign 10 Reserch showd that slow music coused customers to stay at the restarant longer and order more food 119 ... camouflage for survival, (C) In contrast, the speaker explains how predators attack their prey 111 112 Writing for the TOEFL iBT Choose the best transition word for this sentence (A) for example... all the food ordered for two years — There was no difference between the restaurants with orange walls and the restaurants with beige walls 107 1 08 Writing for the TOEFL iBT Fluency and Cohesion... lighting, and music Invasive vines are considered a threat for a very good reason—they strangle native plants 117 1 18 Writing for the TOEFL iBT Read she following sentences Some have misspelled words