UNIT FOUR A DAY’S WORK 1 LISTENING VOCABULARY: IN THE KNOW: A stock trader buys and sells stocks and shares for investment purposes. Wall Street is the financial center of New York and the location of the New York Stock Exchange. This is probably on of the best-known stock exchanges and represents companies form all over the United States, no just New York. Costume Designer works in the theater of movies and designs the clothes actors wear, whereas a fashion designer designs clothes for people outside the theater or cinema. A tollbooth worker works in a very small building, called a booth, where drivers have to pay to drive on a road. The money that drivers pay is called a toll. 1. occupation /Okju / peISn/ (n): [count or uncount] a job. This word is used especially on forms and in formal writing: nghề nghiệp Please give your name, address, and occupation: Xin cho biết tên, đòa chỉ, và nghề nghiệp của bạn. 2. reporter / rI / pc:tC / (n): someone whose job is to write articles or make broadcasts about events in the news: phóng viên, phát thanh viên 3. pilot / / paIlCt / (n) someone who flies an aircraft: phi công He’s training to be an airline pilot: Anh ta đang rèn luyện để trở thanh một phi công. 4. mail carrier: (n) someone whose job is to deliver mail: người đưa thư 5. detective / dI / tektIv / (n): a police officer whose job is to try to discover information about a crime so that the criminal can be caught: thám tử 6. to be sick of: ngán ngẫm, chán ngấy 7. to get / be used to: (phrasal verb) familiar with something because you have often experienced it before, so it no longer seems difficult or strange: quen với việc gì đó Deborah was used to working on difficult assignments: Deborah đã quen với những công việc nặng nhọc. It took weeks to get used to having someone else around: Phải mất nhiều tuần để quen với việc có ai đó bên cạnh mình. 8. like / laIk/ (adj): similar to someone or something else, or in a similar way to someone or something else: It was a small animal like a rat: Đó là một loài động vật nhỏ giống như là chuột. 9. typical / / tIpIkl / (adj): like most things of the same type: điển hình It’s a typical working-class community: Đây là công đồng giai cấp lao động điển hình. 10. discount / / dIskaUnt / (n): a reduction in the price of something: chiết khấu, giảm giá Bus and train discounts are available for people over 60.: Những người trên 60 tuổi được giảm giá xe buýt và xe lửa. 11. rude / ru:d/ (adj): not polite: thô lỗ, bất lòch sự, khiếm nhã He is a very rude man: Hắn là một người rất thô lỗ. 12. circus performer: [count] a group of people, and usually animals, that travels from place to place and entertains people by performing skillful or funny movements and tricks: diễn viên xiếc 13. mechanic / mC / kAnIk / (n): [count] someone whose job is to repair vehicles and machines: thợ máy 14. stock trader: buys and sells stocks and shares for investment purposes: nhân viên giao dch chng khốn 15. costume designer: works in the theater or movies and designs the clothes actors wear, whereas a fashion designer designs clothes for people outside the theater or cinema: thiết kế phục trang 16. tollbooth / / tCUlbu:D / (n): a small building where drivers pay to use a particular bridge or road: trạm thu phí cầu đường 2. FOCUS ON GRAMMAR VOCABULARY: 1. mind / maInd/ (n): [intransitive or transitive usually in negatives or questions] to feel annoyed, upset, or unhappy about something: để ý, quan tâm, phiền I don’t mind the heat (=the heat is not a problem to me): Tôi không sợ nóng. 2. look forward to: (phrasal verb) look forward to something to feel happy and excited about something that is going to happen: mong đợi, mong chờ He had worked hard and was looking forward to his retirement: Ông ấy làm việc chăm chỉ và mong đợi đến ngày về hưu. 3. paper / / peIpC / (n): [count] a newspaper: báo He sat down and read the paper: Anh ta ngồi xuống và đọc báo. 4. editor / / edItC / (n): someone whose job is to be in charge of a newspaper or magazine: biên tập the editor of the Los Angeles Times: biên tập của tờ Thời báo Los Angeles. 5. employee / Im / plcIi: / (n): someone who is paid regularly to work for a person or an organization: nhân viên Their employees worked a ten-hour day: Các nhân viên của họ làm việc 10 tiếng. 6. disappointed / dIsC / pcIntId / (adj): unhappy because something you hoped for or expected did not happen or because someone or something was not as good as you expected: thất vọng 7. offer / / OfC / (n): [intransitive or transitive] to let someone know that you are willing to do something for them: đề nghò Actually, Jen’s giving me a lift home – but thanks for offering: Thật sự Jen sẽ tôi về nhà – nhưng tôi từ chối. 8. paycheck / / peItSek / (n): the amount of money that you earn in your job: tiền lương I’d like a job with a nice big paycheck!: Tôi thích công việc lương cao. LANGUAGE NOTE: In English, the word infinitive is commonly used to mean to + base form of the verb, as in to work. In some cases, however, the base form of the verb without to is also referred to as an infinitive. This is true especially in causative structures such as We made him do the job. The word do in this sentence is called an infinitive. 3. VOCABULARY VOCABULARY: 1. title / / taItl / (n): a name for someone’s job within a company or an organization: chức danh, 2. software / / sOftweC / (n): the programs used by computers for doing particular jobs: word-processing software: phần mềm 3. marketing / / mo:kItIN / (n): the ways in which a company encourages people to buy its products by deciding on price, type of customer, and advertising policy: tiếp thò the company’s new director of marketing: giám đốc tiếp thò mới của công ty 4. designer / dI / zaInC / (n): someone whose job is to decide how to make things or decide their shape or appearance: nhà thiết kế a fashion designer: nhà thiết kế thời trang 5. representative / reprI / zentCtIv / (n): someone who has been chosen or elected by a person or group to vote, give opinions, or make decisions for them: đại biể, người đại diện a political representative: một đại biểu chính trò 6. service / / sE:vIs / (n): [uncount] help and advice given to customers in a store, hotel, or business: dòch vụ 7. customer / / kVstCmC / (n): a person or company that buys goods or services: khách hàng Supermarkets use a variety of tactics to attract and retain customers: Các siêu thò đang áp dụng nhiều chiến lược để thu hút và giữ khách hàng. 8. graphics / / grAfIks / (n): pictures produced by computers: đồ họa vi tính the pictures in a document, magazine, etc. A single picture is sometimes called a graphic. 9. clerk / / klo:k / (n): AMERICAN someone whose job is to welcome guests to a hotel and provide them with information and other services: tiếp tân 10. supervisor / / su:pCvaIzC / (n): someone who is in charge of an activity, a place, or a group of people such as workers or students: giám sát viên. 11. insurance / In / SUCrCns/ (n): [uncount] an arrangement in which you regularly pay an insurance company an amount of money so that they will give you money if something you own is damaged, lost, or stolen, or if you die or are sick or injured: bảo hiểm 12. salesperson / / seIlzpE:sn / (n): someone whose job is to sell the products or services of a particular company, especially by traveling to different places: nhân viên bán hàng 4. LANGUAGE IN ACTION VOCABULARY: 1. has something to do: have something to do with used for saying that something is related to something else, especially when you do not know or do not give the exact details: được sử dụng khi đề cập đến một việc gì đó có liên quan đến một việc, đặc biệt là khi bạn không biết hoặc không đưa ra chi tiết chính xác I can’t always open my e-mails – it has something to do with the type of attachment they come with. : Không phải lúc nào tôi cũng mở e-mail được – vì các loại file gửi kèm hay có vấn đề gì đó. 2. a kind of: [count] a type of person or thing: hầu như, hồ như, lọai người, thứ kind of: What kind of person is she? Cô ta là loại người như thế nào? 3. that kind of thing: việc đó She doesn’t find that kind of thing funny: Cô ta không nhận thấy điều đó thật buồn cười. 4. something like that: .or something (like that/of the sort) used for referring to any of a group of things or possibilities without being specific: tương tư như vậy We should at least call or something and make sure she’s all right. 5. and that kind of thing: và điều đó 6. and things like that: và những việc tương tự như thế 7. and so on / forth: used instead of mentioning more of a similar type of thing that has already been mentioned: vân vân 8. analyst / / AnClIst / (n): someone whose job is to carefully examine a situation, event, etc. in order to provide other people with information about it: nhà phân tích 9. sales / seIlz/ (n): [plural] the total number of things that a company sells within a particular period of time, or the money it earns by selling things: doanh số We hope to increase sales this year to $50 million: Chúng tôi hi vọng tăng doanh số bán ra lên 50 tỉ đô la. 10. consultant / kOn / sVltCnt / (n): an expert or a professional person whose job is to give help and advice on a particular subject: nhà tư vấn a design consultant: một nhà tư vấn thiết kế 5. WRITING - SPEAKING VOCABULARY: 1. unpleasant / Vn / pleZnt/ (n): if something is unpleasant, you do not like or enjoy it: khó chòu The smell was very unpleasant: Cái mùi này rất khó chòu. 2. aspect / / Aspekt / (n): [count] a particular part, feature, or quality of something: đặc điểm, khía cạnh aspect of: a system of rules that covers almost every aspect of their lives: hệ thống qui luật bao gồm tất cả các khía cạnh của đời sống 3. irregular / I / regjulC / (n): separated by periods of time that are not equal: không đều, bất thường irregular heartbeats: nhòp tim bất thường 4. programmer / / grCUgrAmC / (n): someone whose job is to create computer programs: lập trình viên 5. deadline / / dedlaIn / (n): a specific time or date by which you have to do something: thời hạn cuối cùng, hạn chót miss a deadline: lỡ thờihạn cuối cùng deadline for: The deadline for applications was last Friday: Hạn chót để nộp đơn là thứ Sáu tuần sau. 6. grateful / / greItfl / (n): feeling that you want to thank someone because they have given you something or done something for you: biết ơn Thanks for coming with me. I’m really grateful: Cám ơn đã đến với tôi. Tôi thật sự biết ơn. grateful for: I’m very grateful for all your help with the party. 7. candidate / / kAndIdeIt / (n): one of the people competing for a job: ứng viên, người xin việc The candidate must demonstrate good communication skills: Người xin việc phải thể hiện kỹ năng giao tiếp tốt. 8. benefit / / benIfIt / (n): [count usually plural] extra money or other advantages that you get in addition to your salary from your employer as part of your job: lợi ích The discovery of oil brought many benefits to the town .: Việc phát hiện ra dầu đã đem lại nhiều nguồn lợi cho thò xã. 9. balance / / bAlCns / (n): [transitive] to create or preserve a good or correct balance between different features or aspects: cân bằng, giữ thăng bằng 10. inspiring /In / spaICrIN/ (a): making you feel enthusiastic or excited about something: làm nhiệt tình, gây hứng thú 11. assignment / C / saInmCnt/ (n): work that you must do as part of a course of study or as part of your job: công việc 6. LISTENING VOCABULARY: 1. hardship / / ho:dSIp / (n): a situation in which life is very difficult, usually because you do not have enough money: khổ cực, khó nhọc 2. seaman / / si:mCn / (n): a man who is a sailor, especially one who is not an officer: thủy thủ 3. cowgirl / / kaUgE:l / (n): a woman whose job is to take care of cows on a RANCH in the U.S.: cô gái chăn bò 4. outdoors / aUt / dc:z / (n): not in a building: OUTSIDE: ở bên ngoài Their cat lives mainly outdoors: Con mèo của họ chủ yếu sống ở ngòai 5. range / reIndZ/ (n): [count] a large area of land on a farm where cows or other animals are kept: trang trại 6. in search of: an attempt to find something: tìm kiếm in search of something (=looking for something): Many people had left their homes to go in search of food: Nhiều người đã rời bỏ nhà cửa, ra đi tìm kế sinh nhai. 7. rank / rANk/ (n): [transitive] to put someone or something into a position according to their success, importance, size, etc.: xếp hạng, xếp loại Nomura is now ranked third among the world’s information services companies: Nomura hiện nay được xếp thứ ba trong số các công ty dòch vụ thông tin trên thế giới. 8. desirable / dI / ZaICrCbl / (n): something that is desirable has qualities that make you want it: đáng có, được mong muốn a desirable place to live: một nơi ở đáng khao khát 9. stressful / / stresfl / (n): involving or causing a lot of pressure or worry: gây ra căng thẳng My new job is much less stressful: Công việc mới của tôi ít căng thẳng hơn nhiều. 10. fisherman / / fISCmCn / (n): a man who catches fish for fun or as his job: ngư dân, người câu cá 7. IN CONVERSATION VOCABULARY: 1. show / SCU/ (n): [count] a performance, especially in a theater: buổi trình diễn She had tickets to see the new show at the Winter Garden: Cô ta có vé để xem buổi trình diễn mới ở Winter Garden. 2. disaster / dI / zo:stC / (n): something very bad that happens and causes a lot of damage or kills a lot of people: tai họa, sự thất bại A series of disasters forced the company to close down: Hàng lọat những thất bại khiến cho công ty phá sản. 3. freedom / / fri:dCm / (n): [uncount] the right to do what you want, make your own decisions, and express your own opinions: sự tự do freedom to do something: My parents gave me total freedom to do whatever I liked: Cha mẹ tôi cho tôi hoàn tòan tự do làm điều tôi thích. 4. security / sI / kjUCrCtI / (n): safety from attack, harm, or damage: an ninh 5. generalize / / dZenrClaIz / (n): [intransitive] to make a statement or remark about a group of people or things without going into any detail: nói chung chung, khái quát hóa 6. roofing / / ru:fIN / (n): material used for making or repairing the roofs of buildings: vật liệu dùng cho các mái nhà 7. plus /plVs/ (n): used when mentioning an additional thing or fact: cùng với He came along with his five children, plus their partners, and his grandchildren: Anh ta đi cùng với năm đứa con với cả các bạn của chúng và các cháu của anh. 9. rough / rVf/ (n): used about the surface of a lake, river, or ocean that has a lot of waves, often because the weather is bad: gồ ghề, thô nhám Rough waves prevented rescuers from approaching the ship: Sóng to đã khiến cho các nhân viên cứu hộ khó tiếp cận với con tàu. 10. rate / reIt/ (n): [transitive often passive] to consider that someone or something has a particular quality or has achieved a particular standard or level: đánh giá, xếp hạng 11. seasonal / / si:zCnl / (n): available only during a particular time of year: theo thời vụ, mùa vụ seasonal work/workers: Công việc, công nhân thời vụ 12. lifestyle / / laIfstaIl / (n): the type of life you have, for example the type of job or house you have or the type of activity you like doing: lối sống, phong cách sống 8. VOCABULARY VOCABULARY: 1. set a deadline: (phrasal verb) đa ra thi hn 2. set a goal: (phrasal verb) đt ra mc tiêu 3. set a clock/watch: chnh đng h 4. set a date/time: (phrasal verb) to decide when or where an event will happen: set a date/time (for something) (phrasal verb): Have they set a date for the wedding?: H đã n đnh ngày ci cha? 5. meet/miss a deadline: (phrasal verb) (=finish/not finish something in time): If we can’t meet the deadline, they won’t give us another contract: kp/khơng kp thi hn 6. meet a goal: (phrasal verb) đt đc mc tiêu 7. meet someone for lunch: (phrasal verb) đi n vi ai 8. meet famous people: (phrasal verb) gp g ngi ni ting 9. keep a journal: (phrasal verb) ghi nht ký 10. keep a record: (phrasal verb) nm gi k lc 11. keep a promise: (phrasal verb) gi li ha 12. keep a secret: (phrasal verb) gi bí mt 13. keep quiet: (phrasal verb) gi im lng 14. still: (adv) vn, vn còn She’s still busy: Cơ y vn còn đang bn. 15. keep cool: (phrasal verb) gi mát 16. keep warm: (phrasal verb) gi m 17. raise prices: (phrasal verb) tng giá 18. raise salaries: (phrasal verb) tng lng 19. raise money for charity: (phrasal verb) qun góp tin đ làm t thin 20. raise children: (phrasal verb) ni dng con cái 9. READING VOCABULARY: 1. bill of lading: (n) a list of the goods that are being sent somewhere on a ship: vn đn 2. ignore / Ig / nc:r/ (v): to not consider something or not let it influence you: pht l, l đi 3. send out: to send a lot of copies of the same document to a large number of people: gi đi We sent out 300 invitations to our gallery opening: Chúng tơi phát 300 giy mi đn d l khai trng phòng trng bày. 4. pastry / / peIstrI / (n): [uncount] a food made by mixing flour, fat, and water. The mixture is rolled flat and used for making PIES and other food: bánh ngt, bánh nng 5. typewriter / / taIpraItC / (n): a machine with a keyboard that you use for typing words directly onto a sheet of paper: máy đánh ch 6. clack away: (phrasal verb) to make a short loud sound like one hard object hitting against another: ting kêu lách cách Emma’s heels clacked on the tiled floor: Ting gót giày ca Emma nn lách cách trên nn nhà lát đá. 7. day after day: day after day: ngày này qua ngày n 8. year in, year out: nm này qua nm khác 9. pile /p aIl/ (n): [count] a number of things put on top of each other: đng, chng She sorted her clothes into neat piles: Cô ta sp xp đ đc thành nhng chng gn gàng. 10. across / C / krOs / (a): moving or looking from one side of a place, space, or line to the other: khp Over 70 airlines fly across the Atlantic between Europe and North America: Hn 70 chic máy bay bay qua i Tây Dng gia Châu Âu và Bc M. 11. slip on: (phrasal verb) mc vi vào : 12. cubicle / / kju:bIkl / (n): a small enclosed area in a room, separated from the rest of the room by thin walls or curtains: bung nh đc to ra bng cách ngn mt phn ca cn phòng ln hn, thí d đ thay qun áo hoc đ ng 13. elevator / / elIveItC / (n): a machine that carries people up and down between the levels of a tall building. British lift: thang máy 14. caption / / kApSn / (n): words printed near or on a picture that explain something about the picture: li chú thích 15. invoice / / InvcIs / (n): a document giving details of goods or services that someone has bought and must pay for: hóa đn Test for unit 3 A. It’s + adjective + infinitive; Face vocabulary Adjectives: bad, cheap, easy, expensive, fun, good, hard, nice, sad, wrong It’s ____________ to repair a television. _______________ to buy used clothing. _______________ to be with family on holidays. _______________ to go 50 miles by taxi. _______________ to know that many people are hungry. _______________ to take his money. _______________ to help people. _______________ to ask questions in English last year. _______________ to eat at McDonald’s last night. _______________ to be late for work every day. _______________ to pay my bills a few years ago. _______________ to hurt people. _______________ to learn that his dog died. _______________ to play cards last night. _______________ to make tea. _______________ to go to a party and dance. _______________ to have coffee with you yesterday. _______________ to lift the empty boxes yesterday. _______________ to be on time to your classes. KEYS: It's hard to repair a television. It's cheap to buy used clothing. It's nice to be with family on holidays. It's expensive to go 50 miles by taxi. It's sad to know that many people are hungry. It was wrong to take his money. It's nice to help people. It was hard to ask questions in English last year. It was cheap to eat at McDonald's last night. It's bad to be late for work every day. It was hard to pay my bills a few years ago. It's wrong to hurt people. It was sad to learn that his dog died. It was fun to play cards last night. It's easy to make tea. It's fun to go to a party and dance. It was nice to have coffee with you yesterday. It was easy to lift the empty boxes yesterday. It's good to be on time to your classes. B. Rewrite the following sentences: 1. to/ wear /pants /women /work /okay /for /to /it /is /? 2. the/ United States /in /the/ common /house /shoes /wear /in /to/ it /is/ ? 3. important /sunny /a/ hat /wear /day/ on /to /it/ is /a 4. acceptable /to /wear /office /shorts /day /hot /the /men /for /on /to /it /is /? /a 5. to /wear /unusual /beach /heels /high /the /to /it /is 6. time /of /better /to /doing /takes /a /it /way /something /realize 7. achieve/ and /dreams /it /time /your /to /goals /takes 8. from /takes /to /applications /it /go /to /time /theory 9. takes / to /with /get /time /learning /familiar /environment /it /the 10. it /23 /to /takes /deal /war /time /of /the /with /of /effects /years 11. It's /records /a /idea /keep /tax /to /years /longer /four /than /good 12. a /to /It's /library /an /have /good /academic /public /references /idea /look /to /visit /or /a /standard /at /the KEYS: 1. Is it okay for women to wear pants to work? 2. Is it common to wear shoes in the house in the United States? 3. It is important to wear a hat on a sunny day. 4. Is it acceptable for men to wear shorts to the office on a hot day? Or On a hot day is it acceptable for men to wear shorts to the office? 5. It is unusual to wear high heels to the beach. 6. It takes time to realize a better way of doing something. 7. It takes time to achieve your goals and dreams. 8. It takes time to go from theory to applications. 9. It takes time to get familiar with the learning environment. 10. It takes time to deal with the effects of 23 years of war. 11. It's a good idea to keep tax records longer than four years. 12. It's a good idea to visit an academic or public library to have a look at the standard references. . UNIT FOUR A DAY’S WORK 1 LISTENING VOCABULARY: IN THE KNOW: A stock trader buys and sells. exchanges and represents companies form all over the United States, no just New York. Costume Designer works in the theater of movies and designs the clothes