ICE I ICE iced, iced, icing ~ down I I ice down I~ AmE to cover an injury with ice in order to stop it from swelling: Make sure you ice that ankle down as soon as you get inside. ice over I ice over I if the surface of something ices over, it becomes covered with ice: The lake had iced over by the next morning. be iced over (=be covered with ice) In some places the road was iced over and cars had skidded. * SIMILAR TO: freeze over - I ice up I if something such as a window or a machine ices up, it becomes covered or blocked with ice so that it cannot be used or cannot work properly: My windshield was icing up and I could hardly see the car infront. I The aircraft plunged to earth after its engines iced up at 35,000 feet. * SIMILAR TO: freeze up IDENTIFY identified, identified, identifying identify with 1 I identify with I sb/sth I to feel able to understand someone's charac- ter and feelings, especially because they seem similar to yours in some way: Young readers can easily identify with Helen, the main character in the story - she s a very ordi- nary teenager. I Most of us willfind it difficult to identify with the sufferings of a heroin addict. :z I be identified with ~ to be considered by many people to have a close connection with someone or some- thing: Fats Wailers name came to be identi- fied with a unique style of jazz. I Religion has often been closely identified with politics. 3 I identify (yourself) with I~ to consider yourself to be part of a group that 256 has a particular set of beliefs: Not all trade unionists were ready to identify with the Socialist Movement. I politicians who wanted to identify themselves with reform IDLE idled, idled, idling I idle away ~ ~ sth I away I to spend time in a relaxed way, doing noth- ing: Natasha would sit idling away the long summer days by the river. I youths idling their time away on street corners * SIMILAR TO: while away IMBUE imbued, imbued, imbuing imbue with I imbue I sth/sb I with ~ USUALLY PASSIVE formal to fill something or someone with a particular quality or feeling: All Yeats' poetry is imbued with a sense of mystery. I They are a people deeply imbued with national pride. IMMERSE immersed, immersed, immersing immerse in 1 I be immersed in I sth I to be completely involved in an activity or in thinking about something, so that you do not pay attention to what is happening around you: We were so immersed in aur business that we almost forgot about our families. I On the drive back home Victor sat immersed in his thoughts. * SIMILAR TO: be wrapped up in :z I immerse yourself in [sth I to take part in something so that you become completely involved in it: Jane was happy to immerse herself in the African way of life. I After his wife s death Brosnan immersed him- self in work on television movies. IMPACT impacted, impacted, impacting I impact on I sth/sb I to have an important and noticeable effect on something or someone: How have long work- ing hours impacted on the health and morale of junior doctors? I This is one of the ways in which advancing technology has impacted on aircraft design. * SIMILAR TO: affect, impact AmE, have an effect on sb/sth Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. IMPINGE impinged, impinged, impinging • Impinge upon is more formal than impinge on and is mostly used in writing. I impinge on/upon ~ formal to have an effect on someone or some- thing, especially in a way that limits some- one's freedom or forces them to change their behaviour: There is concern about new police powers that may impinge on the rights of pro- testers. I The change of government scarcely impinged on ordinary people s lives. * SlMILAR TO: affect IMPOSE imposed, imposed, imposing impose on/upon • Impose upon is more formal than impose on and is mostly used in writing. 1 impose a tax/fine/sentencel ban etc on sth/sb to officially order that something must be taxed, that someone should be punished ete: There were rumours that the government was considering imposing a tax on books. I The Soviet Parliament imposed a ban on all strikes that would affect the economy. I A £32,000 fine was imposed on Nigel Mansell, following his failure to stop at the Portuguese Grand Prix. :z ~th I on/upon ~ to make someone have the same ideas or beliefs as you, by influencing them strongly: Spanish missionaries imposed the Catholic faith on a people who had their own religious tradition. I parents who impose their own moral values on their children * SIMILAR TO: force on/upon 3 I impose on Iill to unreasonably expect or ask someone to do something for you when this is inconvenient for them: We could ask them to let us stay the night, but I don't want to impose on them. IMPRESS impressed, impressed, impressing impress on/upon • Impress upon is more formal than impress on and is mostly used in writing. I impress [501 on/upon ~ to make someone understand clearly that 257 INDULGE something is very important, especially that it is important to do something: Eisenhower was careful to impress upon his officers the need for absolute secrecy. + that It had always been impressed on Alice that she must tell the truth. IMPROVE improved, improved, improving improve on/upon • Improve upon is more formal than improve on and is mostly used in writing. I improve on/upon ~ to do something better than before or to make it better than before: Bertorelli has scored 165 points, and I don't think anyone will improve on that. I New advances in radio- therapy will enable us to improve on existing treatments for cancer. IMPUTE imputed, imputed, imputing impute to . 1 I impute I sth I t~ sb/sth I formal to say or believe, often wrongly, that someone or something has a particular qual- ity, feeling, or meaning: Some literary schol- ars have imputed a different meaning to Blake 50 famous poem. :z limputel~sb/sthl formal to say, often unfairly, that someone is responsible for something bad that has hap- pened or to say that something has caused it: The police were not guilty of the violence imputed to them. I In their official report on the accident they presented evidence without imputing blame to anyone. * SIMIlAR TO: attribute to INDULGE indulged, indulged, indulging - I indulge in I sth] to let yourself do or have something that you enjoy, often something you feel you should not do: 300,000 people nationwide indulge in a heavy drinking session every week, accord- ing to figures released yesterday. I I heard about a new diet that claims you can indulge in chocolate and all your other favourite foods and still lose weight easily. I They stopped off in Fort William to indulge in some leisurely shopping. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. INFLICT INFLICT inpiaed, inpiaed, inpicting inflict on/upon • Inflict upon is more formal than inflict on and is mostly used in writing. 1 ~ on/upon §] to talk about your beliefs or opinions to other people in a way that seems boring or annoy- ing, especially because you expect them to accept that what you say is right: He shou/dn 't try to inflict his beliefs on everyone else. * SIMILAR TO: force on/upon :2 ~ on/upon §] to make you have to spend time with some- one who seems very boring - often used humorously: I wish she wouldn't insist on inflicting all her family on us at Christmas! 3 I inflict yourself on 1i!iJ to visit or spend time with someone when they do not want you to be with them: "Sorry to inflict myself on you again." "Don't be silly, Stephen. Come in and have a drink." INFORM informed, informed, informing inform on ALSO inform against BrE - /£ - _ I inform on/against §] to tell people in authority about something dishonest or illegal that someone you know has done - use this especially about a criminal or prisoner telling the police about the activi- ties of other criminals or prisoners: Carlson and Gamy were arrested in September I996 when a member of their gang informed on them. I Robbins must cooperate with police by informing on his former business partners. * SIMILAR TO: grass on BrE in(ormal INFRINGE infringed, infringed, infringing infringe on/upon • Infringe upon is more formal than infringe on and is mostly used in writing. I infringe on/upon ~ to limit someone's freedom or take their rights away from them: Some students believe the new law infringes upon their freedom of expres- sion. I Stevens said his plan would keep guns out of criminals' hands, without infringing on the rights of law-abiding citizens. * SIMILAR TO: restrict, limit, encroach on (ormal 258 INFUSE infused, infused, infusing infuse with ~ sth I with I sth I (ormol to fill something with a particular feel- ing or quality, especially a good one: Rousseau infuses his writings with a spirit of revolutionary romanticism. be infused with sth (=contain a lot of a particular feeling or quality) Pollock's work is infused with raw energy and talent. INHERE inhered, inhered, inhering - I inhere in I sth I formol to be a natural part of something that cannot be separated from it: Foucault main- tained that the culture of a society inheres in its language. I Death inheres in the world, and is a trait of all living things. INJECT injeaed, injeaed, injecting inject into I inject ~th I into ~ to add a good quality such as excitement or enthusiasm to something in a way that improves it: Better communication between management and staff has injected new enthu- siasm into the workforce. I It is hoped that a big leisure centre will inject new life into the town. * SIMILAR TO: add to INK inked, inked, inking linkin~ ~ to complete something done in pencil by drawing over it in ink: I've just got to ink in the bottom part of the picture, and then it'll all be finished. INQUIRE inquired, inquired, inquiring I inquire after I~ (ormal, especially BrE to ask how someone is or what they have been doing: Mr. Collins leaned over and inquired after Joe, who he hadn't seen in months. * SIMILAR TO: ask after Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. inquire into ALSO enquire into BrE 1 I inquire into ~ formal if a committee or a person inquires into something, they look for more information in order to decide if, why, or how it hap- pened: The FAA is inquiring into last week's plane crash off the coast of Long Island. I The Football League appointed a commission to inquire into alleged illegal payments by the club. * SIMILAR TO: investigate 2 I inquire into ~ formal if you inquire into something, you ask if it is possible and get more information about it: I am writing to inquire into the pos- sibility of working in your Houston office this summer. I inquire of ~ 8rE to ask someone a question about some- thing: "Have you any family?" she inquired of Mr Oaks. I "Are you sure it's all right to smile?" he inquired of Rose anxiously. * SIMILAR TO: ask INSINUATE insinuated, insinuated, insinuating I insinuate yourself into I~ especially literary to gradually gain someone's trust, by pretending to be friendly and sin- cere: Dara delights in insinuating herself into other people 's lives, then turning those lives upside down. .* SIMILAR TO: worm your way into sth INSIST insisted, insisted, insisting insist on/upon • Insist upon is more formal than insist on and is mostly used in writing. I insist on/upon ~ to demand something or demand to do something because you think it is important, and refuse to accept or do anything else insist on doing sth Guy insisted on paying for the meal, so I offered to cook him dinner some time. insist on sth The big Hollywood stars often insist on having their own personal body- guards with them. * SIMILAR TO: demand 259 INTERFERE 2 I insist on/upon ~ to behave in a particular way and refuse to behave in a different way, especially when other people think that your behaviour is surprising, annoying, or may cause some- thing bad to happen insist on doing sth He insisted on bringing his dog everywhere with him. I If you insist on carrying cash, beware of pickpockets. I I wish she wouldn't insist on calling me Chrissy-poos. INSURE insured, insured, insuring I insure against I sth l to do something to reduce the risk of some- thing bad happening to you: One way of insuring against big losses is to invest your money in several different companies. I Police powers should be increased, to insure against further violence in the streets. * SIMILAR TO: guard against INTEREST interested, interested interest in 1 I interest ~ to try to persuade someone to do something, often to buy something: The salesman was trying to interest him in one of the more expensive models. I The child's mother tried to interest him in playing with a toy car, but he just carried on crying. 2 I Can/Could I interest you in ~ a used when trying to persuade someone to buy something: Can I interest you in one of our new discount phone cards? b used when politely offering something to someone, or when asking them if they want to do something with you: Can I interest you in some dinner? We could go to Gino 's for a pizza. INTERFERE interfered, interfered, interfering ." I interfere with I sth I to prevent someone from doing something, for example their work or their studies, or to prevent something from making progress: Students should not work so many hours that the job interferes with school work. I He refused to let his illness interfere with his duties as President. I Even quite low levels of Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. INTERSPERSE lead can interfere with a child's mental devel- opment. I worries that the bombing campaign could interfere with the peace process 2 I interfere with ~ BrE formal to have sex with children or touch them in a sexual way: He was put in prison for interfering with his daughter. * SIMILAR TO: molest 3 I interfere with I~ BrE to threaten to harm someone who is going to give evidence or decide if someone is guilty in a court of law, in order to influ- ence them: The trial ended suddenly, and many people thought the witnesses had been interfered with. * SIMILAR TO: get at 4 I interfere with I~ to deliberately damage something so that it does not work properly: Accident investiga- tors believe that the car's brakes may have been interfered with. I Police say the thieves managed to interfere with the bank's alarm system. * SIMILAR TO: tamper with INTERSPERSE interspersed, interspersed, interspersing be interspersed with - I be interspersed with I~ to include something in various places or at various times: The magazine's editorial fea- tures are interspersed with pages and pages of advertisements. I Tomorrow there will be sunny periods in the south, interspersed with occasional showers. INURE inured, inured, inuring I be inuredlenured to ~ to have become so used to something unpleasant that you are no longer upset by it: Have we become so inured to suffering that we don't think to help people in need? I Being a lawyer inured him to the injustices of the criminal code. * SIMILAR TO: be hardened to sth INVALID - I be invalided out I to be officially allowed to leave a job, espe- cially in the army, navy etc, because of injury 260 or illness: Her father joined the Irish Guards, but was wounded and invalided out in 1917. + of After four years in the Royal Artillery, Dignam was invalided out of the army and went straight to the Arts Theatre. INVEIGH inveighed, inveighed, inveighing - I inveigh against I sblsth I formal to criticize someone or something strongly: Lady Somers inveighed against the "disgusting language and intolerable man- ners " of some of the younger members. INVEST invested, invested, investing - 11' I invest inI~ to buy something that you think will become more valuable over time so you can sell it for a profit: If you invest in stocks and shares, you need to realize that their value can go down as well as up. I Jones had made a small fortune by investing in Internet companies in the early 1990s. I Many companies are starting to invest in China, where there are potentially huge new markets. :2 1 invest in 1 sth I to buy something because it is very useful and it will be worth the money you spend: It's wise to invest in a good pair of running shoes before beginning long distance training. 3 I invest §8 sthlsb I I invest in ~ to spend a lot of time, effort, money etc try- ing to make something or someone success- ful: Robin 's father had invested so much in her athletic career that she didn't want to disap- point him. I Hie need to help parents invest in their children. 4 I invest ~ USUAllY PASSNE formal to give someone official power or authority to do something: the constitutional power invested in Congress to declare war * SIMILAR TO: be vested in 1 I invest [ sb I with ~ USUALLY PASSIVE formal to give someone official power or authority to do something: The Court is invested with the authority to decide constitu- tional cases. :2 ~ with I sth] USUAllY PASSNE formal to make someone or something seem to have a particular quality or character: The painting is invested with an air of mystery. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. INVITE invited, invited, inviting invite along I invite [ill along I I invite along I sb I to ask someone to come with you when you are going somewhere: Simon and Dave invited me along to the football match since they had an extra ticket. + with My boyfriend s parents are renting a villa in Spain, and they've invited us along with them. o:trJ.mElZ·i!~ SEE invite round/around I invite l sb I back I to ask someone to come to your home after you have been out somewhere together: Annie invited Sheila back for coffee after the meeting. I Christine suggested that J invite Peter back to the apartment for dinner. * SIMILAR TO: ask back invite in I invite I sb I in] to ask someone to come into your home, room, office etc: Ken invited her in to see his new house. I Granny would invite him in every afternoon for a short chat about the day s events. * SIMILAR TO: ask in invite out I invite I sb lout I to ask someone to go to a film, restaurant, concert etc with you invite sb out to dinner/lunch/the cinema I've been invited out to dinner, but I don't feel like going. + for Ben met Joan at a party, and invited her out for a drink. * SIMILAR TO: ask out invite over I invite [ill over I to ask someone to come to where you live, for example to eat dinner, to have coffee, to talk etc: John and Susan have invited me over for Sunday lunch. I You should invite her over some time. I J'd really like to meet her. * SIMLLAR TO: ask over, invite round/around 261 ITCH invite round/around ~ round/around I BrE to ask someone to come to where you live, for example to eat dinner, to have cof- fee, to talk etc: I often invite people round for Friday evening drinks. I On a warm sunny evening, it s always a pleasure to invite friends round and sit out in the garden. * SIMILAR TO: invite over, ask over, ask round/around IRON ironed, ironed, ironing I iron out l~ I iron ~ out I K if you iron out small problems, you deal with them: The managers meet once a month to iron out any problems. I Carmen and Jack were having a few difficulties in their mar- riage but managed to iron them out before things got too bad. ISSUE issued, issued, issuing issue forth 1 I issue forth I literaryto come out of a place: I looked in hor- ror as blood issued forth from the man s chest. 2 I issue from ~ literary to come out of a place: Black smoke issued from the factory chimneys. I Pop music was issuing from behind Sheila s door. ITCH itched, itched, itching I itch for Isi!iJ informal to want something very much and be very impatient to do it: She could tell he was itching for afight. I Irvine says he is itching for a chance to get back into Grand Prix racing. * SIMILAR TO: long for, yearn for Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. JABBER J JABBER jabbered, jabbered, jabbering jabber away I jabber away I USUALLY PROGRESSIVE informal if someone is jabbering away, they are talking quickly and continuously in a way that is difficult for you to understand or annoying: [ could hear Mike in the kitchen, jabbering away to the cook in Greek. * SIMILAR TO: gabble on/away BrE informal, rattle on informal JACK jacked, jacked, jacking [jack ~ around [ AmE informal to deliberately make things diffi- cult for someone and waste their time: The realtors kept jacking us around so we found another agency to sell the house. * SIMILAR TO: dick around AmE informal, mess around BrE informal [jack I~ [jack inl~ X, BrE informal to stop doing a job or other regular activity, especially because you are bored or do not enjoy it: I'll stay for two more weeks, and if [ still don't like the job I'm jacking it in. * SIMILAR TO: pack in informal, give up, quite informal [jack off [ AmE informal if a boy or man jacks off, he makes himself sexually excited by rubbing his sexual organs * SlMILAR TO: masturbate, toss off BrE informal, jerk off 1 Ijackup~ Ijack~ informal to increase prices, rates etc by a large amount, especially suddenly and in a way that seems unreasonable: All the hotels in town jack up their prices for the festival week. I The standard manager s fee then was 10 percent, but Parker jacked it up to 50 per- cent. * SIMILAR TO: increase 262 2 Ijack~ Ijackup~ to lift a vehicle or other heavy object off the ground using a special piece of equipment that you put under the vehicle to support it: If you had a flat tyre, would you know how to jack the car up and take the wheel off? 3 Ijack up[ BrE informal to take an illegal drug by putting it into your body using a needle: If kids are jacking up and sharing needles, there s the added risk of them catching HIV or hepatitis. * SIMILAR TO: shoot up informal JAM jammed, jammed, jamming - I jam on the brakes I to suddenly put your foot hard on the brake in order to stop your car: Panicking, she jammed on the brakes and the car turned in a half circle. 1a Ijaml~ Ijamupl~ if a lot of people or vehicles jam up a place, they block it so that it is difficult to move: You can't get down that street - there s loads of parked cars jamming it up. I So many peo- ple were rushing to get out at once, they jammed up the exits. I There s no point going through the centre of town - it'll be jammed up at this time of day. * SIMlLAR TO: clog up 1b Ijam upl if a place jams up, there are so many people or vehicles there that it becomes blocked and no one can move: Researchers are testing how quickly after an accident a stretch of highway will jam up. * SIMlLAR TO: clog up 2a Ijam uplsthl Ijam@hlupl if something jams up a machine, it prevents part of it from moving properly and the machine will not work: The paper keeps get- ting trapped and jamming up the printer. I The video recorder is jammed up again. 2b Ijam up[ if a part of a machine jams up, it no longer works properly because something is pre- venting it from moving: If the gun jammed up, the soldiers just had to take it apart and put it back together again. 3 I be jammed up against I 5th I to be too close to something or in an uncom- fortable position against it, and be unable to move away: His head was jammed up against Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. the back of the sofa, with Doyle s hand clamped over his mouth. I a tiny room with a single bed jammed up against the fireplace JAR jarred, jarred, jarring jar on I jar on I sb/sth I to make someone feel annoyed or uncom- fortable - used especially of an unpleasant sound: She had a hard unpleasant laugh, which really jarred on me. jar on the nerveslears The same old music blared out, jarring on everyone s nerves. * SIMILARTO: grate (on) JAZZ jazzed, jazzed, jazzing Ijazzup~ Ijazz~ X. informal to improve something that is old or dull by adding new or interesting things to it: plain rice jazzed up with mushrooms and sun- dried tomatoes I If your website looks a bit boring, you could jazz it up by adding a few graphics. * SIMILARTO: liven up, vamp up, spice up jazzed-up AD) made more exciting and interesting: jazzed-up cuisine JERK jerked, jerked, jerking jerk around ~ I jerk around with I sth/sb I AmE informal to treat someone badly, espe- cially by deliberately making things difficult for them: I got tired of being jerked around by everyone in the department, so 1 quit. * SIMILARTO: mess sb around BrE informal, dick sb around AmE informal - Ijerk off I AmE informal if a boy or mand'erks off, he makes himself sexually excite by rubbing his sexual organs * SIMILARTO: masturbate, toss off BrE informal, jack off AmE informal I jerk out I sth I literary to say something suddenly, especially because you feel very angry, surprised, or 263 JOCKEY nervous: "Don't lie," she jerked out. "J know where you were last night." JET jetted, jetted, jetting jet off " I jet offl to travel somewhere by plane for a holiday, for your work etc: After the wedding the cou- ple are jetting off/or a couple of weeks in the Seychelles. I She has a very glamorous lifestyle - she s always jetting off to some- where or other. JIB jibbed, jibbed, jibbing - 'jibatl~ BrE informal old-fashioned to be unwilling to do something when you are asked or have the chance to do it: I suppose if he jibbed at five hundred pounds he'd hardly pay four thou- sand. jib at doing sth Even Mike jibbed at doing the parachute jump. JIBE jibed, jibed, jibing jibe With . I jibe with I s~ AmE if one statement, opinion, report etc jibes with another, the information in them is sim- ilar: The survey s results jibe with what bankers and economists are saying. I The words and actions of our elected representatives don't jibe with those of the common citizen. * SIMILARTO: match JOCKEY jockeyed, jockeyed, jockeying - I jockey for position/advantage/power I to compete with other people to try to get into the best position or situation so that you have an advantage: Photographers jockeyed for position outside the courtroom. I As the President s health declined, potential rivals began jockeying for power. * SIMILARTO: compete I jockey Isth ~ AmE to move something large, especially a vehicle, into a particular place or position: In Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. JOG January 1999, controllers at APLjockeyed the spacecraft into a 62-mile-high orbit. * SIMILAR TO: manoeuvre BrE, maneuver AmE JOG jogged, jogged, jogging !jog along I BrE informal to continue steadily in the same way as usual, without anything exciting or unusual happening: United have been jogging along in the middle of the league tables all season. I There s no point complaining - just jog on and do the best you can. JOIN joined, joined, joining +1 join in I I join in ~ NOT PASSNE to start doing or becoming involved in some- thing with other people, especially when they are already doing it: When we get to the chorus, 1 want everybody to join in. I Politely, he joined in the laughter. I With the vast majority of employees joining in the strike, work soon came to a halt. * SIMILAR TO: participate, take part 1 Ijoin upl to become a member of the army, navy, or airforce: Young men and women were urged to join up and serve their country. * SIMLLAR TO: enlist 2 Ijoin up ~ Ijoin [Sthlupl BrE to connect or fasten things together: The reason the lights aren't working is because the wires aren't joined up properly. I It s a puzzle - you have to join up the dots to make a picture. * SIMILAR TO: connect 3 Ijoin upl especially BrE if two things join up they come together and connect with each other: There are two paths around the lake and they join up by the bridge. * SIMILAR TO: meet 4 lioin up I to work with other people or go somewhere with them in order to do something: We joined up to make a quiz team. + with The SS Brilliant will join up with the other ships and head west. * SIMLLAR TO: get together 264 1 join with I~ I formal to do or say something with a group of other people or with another person: She was invited to join with young musicians from 46 countries at the Interlochen Music Camp. join with sb in doing sth Does the Senator plan to join with Republicans in supporting the bill? join with sb to do sth He returned to Connecticut and joined with an aunt to purchase a 150-acre farm. JOLLY jollied, jollied, jollying - I jolly I sb/sth 1 along 1 BrE to make someone feel more cheerful, by talking to them in a friendly and encouraging way, especially so that they enjoy them- selves or do something that you want them to do: She tried tojolly him along a bit and get him to join in with the others. jolly things along Just go back and jolly things along and tell everyone what a great trip they're going to have. 1 Ijollyupls01 Ijolly~ BrE old-fashioned to make a place or event more attractive, exciting, and enjoyable: A couple of bands were hired to jolly up the celebrations. * SIMlLAR TO: brighten up, liven up 2 1 jolly Isbl upl 1 jolly up [~ BrE old-fashioned to make someone feel more cheerful: Nina visits the hospital every week to chat to the patients, just tojolly them up a bit. I "You and Jim look as if you need jollying up," Albert said. "Lets go outfor a drink." * SIMILAR TO: cheer up JOT jotted, jotted, jotting jot down +1 jot 1 5th I down I I jot down I~ to quickly write something on a piece of paper, so that you can remember it or use it later: If anyone has any suggestions, jot them down on a piece of paper and give them to me. I At the breakfast table, Kathy jotted down a grocery list. * SIMLLAR TO: scribble down Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. JUGGLE juggled, juggled, juggling juggle with I juggle @Elwith @El I juggle with @El if you juggle one job, responsibility etc with another or others, you try to organize them so that you have enough time to do all of them, especially with difficulty: Grace was juggling a full-time job with looking after three young children. I The teenager was try- ing to juggle her tennis career with her col- lege education. I Parents have to juggle with their job commitments in order to spend enough time with the kids. I juggle with @El I juggle about with @El I juggle around with I sth I to arrange numbers, information etc in vari- ous ways, changing them if necessary in order to get the result you want: My accoun- tant juggles with thefigures, and then tells me how much tax I have to pay. I She juggled about with the textfor afew minutes, trying to get it to look right. JUICE juiced, juiced, juicing I juice up @El I juice I sth ~ x AmE informal to make something more inter- esting or exciting: Moby became known for his skill at juicing up hit tunes for the dance floor. I In an effort to juice up their event, the organizers of the Los Angeles Marathon have changed the route completely. * SIMILAR TO: liven up,jazz up, spice up JUMBLE jumbled, jumbled, jumbling jumble up I jumble I sth IUP] I jumble up I sth I USUALLY PASSIVE to mix things together so that they are not arranged neatly or in order any more: All the papers on my desk were jumbled up and I couldn't find a thing. I Here are three words with the letters jumbled up - can you guess what the words are? I He only remembered certain bits of the accident- it was alljumbled up in his mind. * SIMILAR TO: mix up 265 JUMP JUMP jumped, jumped, jumping jump at Ijump at@El to eagerly accept the opportunity to do something: If 1 was offered the job, of course Fdjump at it. jump at the chancelopportunity When the resort was put up for sale in 1985, the Millers jumped at the chance to buy it. * SIMIlAR TO: leap at 1 Ijump inl to interrupt someone or suddenly start talk- ing when other people are having a conver- sation: He was going to say more, but she jumped in. "You can't be serious!" I Dalzell interrupted. "1 am going to jump in here. 1 have to disagree with you." * SIMILAR TO: interrupt, butt in 2 Ijump inl to start doing something quickly in order to take an opportunity or get an advantage: Buyers have to be ready tojump in - these dis- counts are only available for a short period. * SIMIlAR TO: leap in, dive in jump on " Ijumpon~ informal to criticize or punish someone as soon as they do anything slightly wrong, in a way that seems unfair: Mum s being so mean to me - every time 1 say something she jumps on me. I When the show started everybody jumped on it and criticized the things that weren't working. I jump out at ~ if something jumps out at you, you notice it It quickly because it is unusual or you like it !J very much: As soon as I read it through again, - several mistakes jumped out at me. I Did you see the photograph of the eagles in the gallery? That really jumped out at me. * SIMILAR TO: leap out at Ijump upl to suddenly stand up after you have been sit- ting or lying down: Sethe jumped up and went to the phone. I When she heard Clarisa scream, she jumped up and ran outside. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. . manager s fee then was 10 percent, but Parker jacked it up to 50 per- cent. * SIMILAR TO: increase 26 2 2 Ijack~ Ijackup~ to lift a vehicle or other heavy object. having their own personal body- guards with them. * SIMILAR TO: demand 25 9 INTERFERE 2 I insist on/upon ~ to behave in a particular way and refuse to behave