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Manhattan GMAT - Foundations of GMAT verbal
MANHATTAN Strategy Guide Supplem ent Foundations of GMAT Verbal Written by Jennifer Dziura Builds Core Skills in Grammar; Sentence Structure, & More Includes ► Online B ^ n u s^ Strengthens Reading Abilities Required for the GMAT Provides Numerous Drills with Step-by-Step Explanations Updated for The Official Guide for GM AT đ Review, 13th Ed 99th Percentile Instructors ã Content-Based Curriculum GMAT and GMAC are registered trademarks of the Graduate Management Admission Council which neither sponsors nor endorses this product M A N H A T T A N GMAT Foundations of GMAT Verbal GMAT Strategy Guide This supplemental guide provides in-depth and easy-to-follow explanations o f the fundamental verbal skills necessary for a strong performance on the GM AT Foundations of GMAT Verbal, Fifth Edition 10-digit International Standard Book Number: 1-937707-01-6 13-digit International Standard Book Number: 978-1-937707-01-9 elSBN: 978-1-937707-14-9 Copyright © 2012 MG Prep, Inc ALL RIGHTS RESERVED No part of this work may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means— graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, web distribution— without the prior written permission of the publisher, MG Prep, Inc Note: GMAT, Graduate Management Admission Test; Graduate Management Admission Counciland GMAC are all registered trademarks of the Graduate Management Admission Council, which neither sponsors nor is affiliated in any way with this product Layout Design: Dan McNaney and Cathy Huang Cover Design: Evyn Williams and Dan McNaney Cover Photography: Alii Ugosolf INSTRUCTIONAL GUIDE SERIES G M AT Roadm ap (ISBN: 978-1-935707-69-1) Fractions, Decim als, & Percents 0 □ (ISBN: 978-1-935707-63-9) N u m b e r Properties (ISBN: 978-1-935707-65-3) Critical R e a so n in g (ISBN: 978-1-935707-61-5) A lg e b (ISBN: 978-1-935707-62-2) W ord P rob lem s (ISBN: 978-1-935707-68-4) G e o m e try (ISBN: 978-1-935707-64-6) R e a d in g C o m p re h e n sio n B (ISBN: 978-1-935707-66-0) 0 Sentence Correction (ISBN: 978-1-935707-67-7) Integrated R e a so n in g & Essay (ISBN: 978-1-935707-83-7) SUPPLEMENTAL GUIDE SERIES Math GMAT Supplement Guides Verbal GMAT Supplement Guides F o u n d atio n s o f G M A T M ath F o u n d atio n s o f G M A T Verbal (ISBN: 978-1-935707-59-2) (ISBN: 978-1-937707-01-9) A d van ce d G M A T Q u a n t (ISBN: 978-1-935707-15-8) O fficial G u id e C o m p a n io n (ISBN: 978-0-984178-01-8) MANHATTAN GMAT May 29th, 2012 Dear Student, Thank you for picking up a copy o f Foundations of GMAT Verbal I hope this book provides just the guidance you need to get the most out o f your GM AT studies As with most accomplishments, there were many people involved in the creation o f the book you are holding First and foremost is Zeke Vanderhoek, the founder o f Manhattan GMAT Zeke was a lone tutor in New York when he started the company in 2000 Now, 12 years later, the company has instructors and offices nationwide and contributes to the studies and successes o f thousands o f students each year Our Manhattan GM AT Strategy Guides are based on the continuing experiences o f our instructors and students For this volume, we are particularly indebted to Jennifer Dziura Jen has logged literally thousands o f hours helping students improve their verbal skills— this book is derived from that wealth o f experience Stacey Koprince and Tommy Wallach made significant content contributions as well Dan McNaney and Cathy Huang provided their design expertise to make the books as user-friendly as possible, and Noah Teitelbaum and Liz Krisher made sure all the mov ing pieces came together at just the right time And there’s Chris Ryan Beyond providing additions and edits for this book, Chris continues to be the driving force behind all o f our curriculum efforts His leadership is invaluable At Manhattan GMAT, we continually aspire to provide the best instructors and resources possible We hope that you will find our commitment manifest in this book If you have any questions or comments, please email me at dgonzalez@manhattanprep.com I’ll look forward to reading your comments, and I’ll be sure to pass them along to our curriculum team Thanks again, and best o f luck preparing for the GMAT! Sincerely, Dan Gonzalez President Manhattan GM AT www.manhattangmat.com 138 West 25th St., 7th Floor NY, NY 10001 Tel: 212-721-7400 Fax:646-514-7425 HOWTO ACCESS YOUR ONLINE RESOURCES If you are a registered Manhattan GMAT student and have received th is book as part of your course m aterials, you have AUTOMATIC access to ALL of our online resources This includes all practice exams, question banks, and online updates to th is book To access these resources, follow the instructions in the Welcome Guide provided to you at the start of your program Do NOT follow the instructions below M purchased this book from the Manhattan GMAT online store or at one of our centers Go to: http://w w w m anhattangm at.com /practicecenter.cfm Log in using the username and password used when your account was set up purchased this book at a retail location Create an account w ith M anhattan GMAT at the website: https://w w w m anhattangm at.com /createaccount.cfm G oto: h ttp://w w w m anhatta ngm at.com /access.cfm Follow the instructions on the screen Your one year of online access begins on the day th a t you register your book at the above URL You only need to register your product ONCE at the above URL To use your online resources any tim e AFTER you have completed the registration process, log in to the follow ing URL: http://w w w m anhatta ngm at.com /practicecenter.cfm Please note th a t online access is nontransferable This means th a t only NEW and UNREGISTERED copies of the book w ill grant you online access Previously used books w ill NOT provide any online resources purchased an eBook version of this book Create an account w ith M anhattan GMAT at the website: https://w w w m anhattang m a t.co m /createaccount.cfm Email a copy of your purchase receipt to books@ manhattangmat.com to activate your resources Please be sure to use the same email address to create an account th a t you used to purchase the eBook For any technical issues, email books@manhattangmat.com or call 800-576-4628 Please refer to the follow ing page for a description of the online resources that come w ith this book YOUR ONLINE RESOURCES Your purchase includes ONLINE ACCESS to the following: (>) Foundations o f GMAT Verbal Online Question Bank The Bonus Online D rill Sets for Foundations o f GMAT Verbal consist of extra practice questions (w ith detailed explanations) th a t test the variety of Foun dational Verbal concepts and skills covered in th is book These questions provide you w ith extra practice beyond the problem sets contained in this book You may use our online tim e r to practice your pacing by setting tim e lim its fo r each question in the banks ® Online Updates to the Contents in This Book The content presented in th is book is updated periodically to ensure th a t it reflects the GMAT’s most current trends You may view all updates, including any known errors or changes, upon registering for online access TABLE o f CONTENTS Introduction to GMAT Verbal 11 'Part i: Sentence Correction Words & Sentences 15 Nouns, Pronouns, Adjectives 23 Verbs & Adverbs 43 Prepositions, Conjunctions, Mixed Drills 61 Subject/Predicate, Fragments & Run-ons, Punctuation 79 Modifiers, Parallelism, Comparisons 97 Idioms, Subjunctive, Wrap-Up 109 fart 2j Critical Reasoning Arguments & Conclusions 151 Patterns & Flaws 163 10 Diagrams 197 11 Putting It All Together 207 fart$: Reading Com prehension 12 Phases of Reading Comprehension 239 13 Main Ideas & Difficult Information 255 14 Inferences & Improving Your Reading 269 fart 4: Vocabulary & RC Idiom s 15 Vocabulary & RC Idioms 299 Appendix A: Helpful Hints for Indian Speakers of English 377 Onfromcfion Welcome to Foundations o f GMAT Verbal! This book will improve your English for the rest o f your life Yes, this is a book about the GM AT But it is not a book o f tricks or quick fixes It is a book about how sentences work, how arguments are constructed, and how written English is used and understood in the United States I f English is your first language, 90% o f this book will still apply to you The section on vocabulary in Reading Comprehension is primarily oriented towards English language learners, but the rest is appli cable to absolutely anyone struggling with G M A T Verbal If you are not a native speaker o f English, this book will not only help you with the GMAT, but it will also help you understand written English in various contexts throughout the rest o f your life Either way, this book will open your eyes: • You may discover that words you thought you knew can be used in ways you weren’t aware of (Did you know that qualified can mean limited?) • You may also discover that passages you thought you understood actually have additional meaning that you missed on a first reading • And you may discover that the way even educated native speakers communicate in spo ken English is not actually considered correct in written English (Did you know that / have done more studying than has he is correct, and I enjoy the videos o f major dance divas like Beyonce and Shakira is incorrect? The word like should be such as) I f you have been studying for the G M A T and struggling, or if you haven’t really begun yet (but decided to start here because you know you will need extra help on Verbal), then this book is for you 11 Introduction This is certainly not the only book you will need in order to succeed on the GMAT You will also need The Official Guide fo r GMAT Review, 13th Edition N o one should take the GMAT, ever, without knowing the Official Guide inside and out— and at various points in this book, we’ll ask you to refer to a particular page in the Official Guide and work out o f it So you might as well acquire a copy as soon as possible We also recommend that you “graduate” from this book to the Manhattan GMAT Strategy Guide Series, which includes individual guides to Sentence Correction, Critical Reasonings and Reading Comprehension, as well as five additional books on quantitative topics In our experience, most successful G M A T test takers spend between 100 and 200 hours studying Surely, some people spend less tim e— and some spend more Does that sound a bit depressing? If it does, I’d like to set the record straight— i f you really spent that much time ju st studyingfor a standardized test, that would be a big waste o f the limited time we have here on Earth However, that’s not what we’re about to do! W hat we’re about to is, w ell pretty awesome There are certain aspects o f the GMAT, such as Data Sufficiency questions, that are quite specific, and pertain only to the GM AT But there are many other aspects o f the G M A T— such as manipulating percents or decoding difficult word problems— that are excellent skills for your career and for life You know what other parts o f the G M A T fall into that category? Everything on the entire verbal section Since you are beginning with a foundational book on G M A T Verbal and will require even more study after this book, you are going to be spending a lot o f time on this The time you spend now is an investment in your future It will provide you with a competitive advantage throughout the rest o f your career As a result o f the studying you are about to begin: • You will better on the G M A T • You will be able to communicate better • You will be perceived by others as smarter (studies show that people with larger vocabularies are perceived as more intelligent and are paid more) • You will be better able to understand the idioms and sentence patterns used in speech, business writing, academic writing, and the media • You will become a more rigorous thinker Instead o f saying, “I just don’t believe that argument,” you will be able to point out, “That argument depends on an unjustified assumption” or “That argument’s second premise doesn’t support its conclusion.” • You will be able to impress your friends with your fun and fearless use o f semico lons; this will make you popular at punctuation parties Are you convinced yet? Let’s get started! MANHATTAN GMAT ... T Verbal (ISBN: 97 8-1 -9 3570 7-5 9-2 ) (ISBN: 97 8-1 -9 3770 7-0 1-9 ) A d van ce d G M A T Q u a n t (ISBN: 97 8-1 -9 3570 7-1 5-8 ) O fficial G u id e C o m p a n io n (ISBN: 97 8-0 -9 8417 8-0 1-8 ) MANHATTAN GMAT. .. AT Foundations of GMAT Verbal, Fifth Edition 10-digit International Standard Book Number: 1-9 3770 7-0 1-6 13-digit International Standard Book Number: 97 8-1 -9 3770 7-0 1-9 elSBN: 97 8-1 -9 3770 7-1 4-9 ... lg e b (ISBN: 97 8-1 -9 3570 7-6 2-2 ) W ord P rob lem s (ISBN: 97 8-1 -9 3570 7-6 8-4 ) G e o m e try (ISBN: 97 8-1 -9 3570 7-6 4-6 ) R e a d in g C o m p re h e n sio n B (ISBN: 97 8-1 -9 3570 7-6 6-0 ) 0 Sentence Correction