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Câu điều kiện loại 2 thay đổi hoặc giữ nguyên3. Câu điều kiện loại 3 luôn luôn giữ nguyên.[r]
(1)REPORTED SPEECH ( Indirect speech) - Câu tường thuật ( câu gián tiếp) A/ GIỚI THIỆU CHUNG
1/ Khái niệm : Câu tường thuật câu thuật lại lời nói, lời phát biểu… (là câu đặt ngoặc kép ) mà không lặp lại nguyên văn
2/ Hình thức câu tường thuật : có hình thức a/ Statement : lời phát biểu
Nhận dạng : S + V + (O) , “ S + V + O “
vd: She said, “ I won’t forget to go to the shopping “ b/ Imperative : Thức mệnh lệnh
b.1 - Affirmative Imperative: Thức mệnh lệnh khẳng định Nhận dạng : S + V + (O) , “ V0 + O “
vd: The teacher said ,“ Write it down” b.2 – Negative Imperative: Thức mệnh lệnh phủ định
Nhận dạng : S + V + (O) , “ Don’t V0 + O “
vd: The doctor said to John “ Don’t stay up late” c/ Question : Câu hỏi
c.1 – Yes/No question (câu hỏi Y/N )
Nhận dạng : S + V + (O) , “ ……… ? “
vd: She asked, “ Are you doing your homework now ? “ c.2 – Wh/How question (câu hỏi với từ để hỏi)
Nhận dạng : S + V + (O) , “ Wh_/How……… ? “ vd: The wife asked “What did you yesterday?”
B/ CÁCH ĐỔI CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT Có bước
Bước 1: Đổi Đại từ dấu “ “ cho phù hợp với S (người nói) O (người nghe) ngồi dấu “ “ - Ngơi ( I/me/my ) đổi theo S ; we/us/our đổi theo S “ “ S “ “ số nhiều - Ngôi ( you/your ) đổi theo O
- Ngôi (he/him/his; she/her; it/its; they/them/their ) không đổi Bước : Đổi Trạng Từ gặp Trạng Từ
Direct Reported
-today -tonight -now -this / these -here -tomorrow + next (week) -yesterday + last (week) -(three days) ago
-that night -that day -then -that / those -there
-the next day / the following day/ the day after
+ the next (week) / the following (week) / the (week) after - the day before / the previous day
+ the (week) before / the previous (week) -(three days) before
Bước : có cách – Đổi ĐT thành Ving/ Vto lùi
Cách 1: Lùi động từ - Khi Động Từ ngồi dấu “ “ Quá Khứ ta lùi nghĩa ta Đổi Động Từ ngoặc “ “ từ Hiện Quá Khứ, từ Quá Khứ Quá Khứ Hoàn Thành
Quan sát bảng VD lùi thì
Direct speech Reported speech
- V1
Tom said,”I never eat meat” - am/is/are + Ving
- V2/ed
(2)He said, “I’m waiting for Ann. - has/ have + V3/ed
She said, “I’ve seen that film”. - V2/ed
They said, “We came by car”.
- He said, “I was sitting in the park at o’cock”. - will/shall + V0
Judy said,”I’ll phone you”. -Modal verbs
+ Can She said,”You can sit here”
+ May Claire said, “I may got to Bali again” + Must He said, “I must finish this report”
He said he was waiting for Ann. - had + V3/ed
She said she had seen that film. - had + V3/ed
They said they had come by car.
-He said he had been sitting in the park at o’clock - would/should + V0
Judy said she would phone me -Modal verbs in the past
+ Could She said we could sit here
+ Might Claire said she might go to Bali again + Must / Had to
He said he must / had to finish this report.
Cách 2: bỏ chủ từ trợ Động từ, tìm động từ để đổi thành V-ing V-to lệ thuộc vào động từ ta dùng trước
vd: She said, “ I won’t forget to go to the shopping “ Bỏ S - I trợ ĐT - will She promised (not to forget) to go to the shopping
S + V + (O) + (not) Vto
V + o + (not) + Vto V + (not) + Vto
asks advise allow beg encourage expect forbid invite yêu cầu khuyên cho phép nài nỉ khuyến khích mong đợi cấm mời order persuade request remind urge tell warn want lệnh thuyết phục yêu cầu nhắc nhở thúc giục bảo cảnh báo muốn agree hope offer refuse propose promise threaten want đồng ý hy vọng đề nghị từ chối đề nghị hứa đe doạ muốn
S + V + O + PREPOSITION + V-ING
1 accuse SB of doing Sth: buộc tội việc gì. 2 blame SB for doing Sth: đổ lỗi cho việc gì 3 congratulate SB on doing Sth: khen ngợi việc gì 4 criticize SB for doing Sth: trích điều
5 warn (SB) against doing Sth: khuyến cáo (ai) đừng làm điều gì 6 warn (SB) about doing Sth: khuyến cáo (ai) điều gì
7 praise SB for doing Sth: ca ngợi điều gì 8 thank (SB) for doing Sth: cảm ơn việc gì 9 prevent SB from doing Sth: ngăn khỏi việc gì
S + V + PREPOSITION + V-ING
1 apologise for doing Sth: xin lỗi làm gì 2 complain about Sth: than phiền điều gì
3 insist on/ upon doing sth: khăng khăng đòi làm gì 4 dream of doing sth: mơ tưởng tới gì
5 think of doing sth: nghỉ tới ai/ gì
S + v + V-ING
(3)MỘT SỐ TRƯỜNG HỢP DÙNG ĐỘNG TỪ THÍCH HỢP DỰA VÀO DẤU HIỆU SAU
Động từ Vto Động từ Ving
S + should/ ‘d better + V0 advise + Vto Sorry/ I’m sorry aologize (to sb) for S + will/ won’t + V0 promise Thanks/ Thank you thank for
Can/could + S + V0 offer Why don’t S + V0 …… ? suggest
Let + O + V0 offer Let + O suggest
please beg/ offer please suggest/ insist on
‘d like + Vt0 want want + Vt0 dream of
‘d like + O + Vt0 want + O congratulation congratulate on Don’t forget/Remember + V0 remind
Would (S) like + Vt0 invite Okay/ all right/ S agree agree
1/ “ Can I the washing up ? “, he said He offered ……… “Let me give you some money”, he said ………
2/ “ I won’t forget the shopping “, she said She promised ……… “I will help you”, she said ………
3/ “ Would you like to come to my party ? “ , he told He invited ……… “Would you like to have dinner with us tonight,” Mike said ……… 4/ “ I’d like to become the doctor”, said my sister My sister wanted……… “ I’d like you to repair my house, John , “ said Marry Marry wanted John……… 5/ “ You should stop smoking “ , the doctor told me The doctor advised me……… “You’d better spend more time learning to write,” I said to the boy
……….………
6/ “ Wait outside !”, I said I told………
“ Write it down,” the teacher said ………
7/ “That’s okay I’ll give you a hand now”, said he He agreed ……… 8/ “Please, please turn off the T.V, John,” said Tom. Tom begged ……… 9/ “Remember to write to me soon,” she said to me. She reminded ……… “Bring your umbrella in case it rains”, he said to me ………
“Don’t forget to phone me when you get to London”, said my mom
……….………
10/ “I’m sorry I broke the glass”, said Peter Peter apologized for ……… 11/ “Why don’t you put your luggage under the seat?”, he asked
He suggested
12/ “Don’t lean your bicycle against my windows, boys,” said the shopkeeper
The shopkeeper warned ……… ** Những trường hợp không cần thay đổi tường thuật:
“must” giữ nguyên đổi thành “had to”
- “I must finish this report by Monday,” Jill said Jill said that she must finish that report by Monday
“should” “ought to” giữ nguyên tường thuật cách dùng động từ “advise sb (not) to sth”
- “You should practice your English every day,” said Miss Hoax Miss Hoax said that I should practice my English every day Miss Hoax advised me to practice my English every day
(4)- “You needn’t it if you don’t want,” she said She said that I needn’t it if I didn’t want
4 Câu điều kiện loại thay đổi Câu điều kiện loại thay đổi giữ nguyên Câu điều kiện loại luôn giữ nguyên
- “If I hear anything new, I’ll let you know,” Paul said
Paul said that if he heard anything new he would let me know - “If I knew her number, I could tell you,” Peter said
Peter said if he knew / had knew number, he would tell / would have told me - “If had came you would you would have met many old friends,” Liz said Liz said if I had come I would have met many old friends
Áp Dụng: Học sinh cần thuộc bảng Đại từ chức để sử dụng cột chức năng Subject Object Possessive adj ( )
I We
me us
my our
You you your
He She It
him her it
his her its They them their a/ Dạng : S + V + (O) , “ S + V + O “ Đổi theo bước vd: She said, “ I won’t forget to go to the shopping “
B1: “ “ có Đại từ I nên đổi theo S She B2: “ “ khơng có trạng từ cần đổi
B3: lùi tức đổi will thành would bỏ Chủ từ I bỏ trợ ĐT won’t forget Câu hoàn chỉnh - She said she would not forget to go to the shopping Hoặc - She promised to go to the shopping
b/ Dạng : S + V + (O) , “ V0 + O “ Đổi theo bước bỏ “ “ thêm to vào trước V0 vd: The teacher said ,“ Write it down”
B1: “ “ khơng có đại từ (xem bảng Đại từ) B2: “ “ khơng có trạng từ cần đổi
Câu hồn chỉnh - The teacher said to write it down Hoặc
-Dạng : S + V + (O) , “ Don’t V0 + O “ Đổi theo bước bỏ “ “ , bỏ Don’t thêm not to vào trước V0 vd: The doctor said to John “ Don’t stay up late”
B1: “ “ khơng có đại từ (xem bảng Đại từ) B2: “ “ khơng có trạng từ cần đổi
Câu hoàn chỉnh - The doctor told John not to stay up late
Hoặc
-c/ Yes/No question (câu hỏi Y/N )
Nhận dạng : S + V + (O) , “ ……… ? “ trả dạng khẳng định, thêm if/whether, đổi theo bước vd: She asked, “ Are you doing your homework now ? “
Trả dạng khẳng định She asked, “You are doing your homework now “
B1: ngoặc kép có Đại từ You , your đổi theo O ( câu khơng có O ta tự thêm thường me ) B2 : “” có Trạng từ now then
B3: lùi tức đổi are thành was/were
Câu hoàn chỉnh - She asked me if/whether I was doing my homework then
c.2 – Wh/How question (câu hỏi với từ để hỏi) trả dạng khẳng định , đổi theo bước Nhận dạng : S + V + (O) , “ Wh_/How……… ? “
(5)Trả dạng khẳng định The wife asked “What you did yesterday?”
B1: ngoặc kép có Đại từ You nên đổi theo O ( câu khơng có O ta tự thêm her husband ) B2 : “” có Trạng từ yesterday the day before/the previous day
B3: lùi tức đổi did thành had done
Câu hoàn chỉnh - The wife asked her husband what you had done the previous day Exercise – Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech
1/ “ I phone the police “ , she said She threatened ……… 2/ “ Don’t stay up late,” the doctor said to John ……… 3/ “ I saw her on my way to school yesterday”, he said ……… 4/ He said, “I’ll leave here tomorrow” ………
5/ Mary told me, “I saw them at this place” ……… 6/ “I met her about months ago”, he said ………
7/ “I’m trying to listen to the music”, she said ………
8/ “I must go out to post this letter now, Mum”, he said ……… 9/ “I can’t speak any foreign languages”, he said ………
10/ “What did you yesterday?”, the wife asked ……… 11/ “Do you like watching detective stories?”, my sister asked me
………
12/ Isabel: “You can’t borrow my pen, Robert!”
-> Isabel… ……… 13/ “I don’t want to be criticized by non-professionals”, said the film star
-> The film star objected… ………
14/ “If I were you, I’d look for another job”, said one of my friends -> One of my friends………
15/ “Don’t move or I’ll shoot”, said the bank robber to the clerk -> The bank robber threatened
16/ “Don’t swim out too far, boys”, said the coach
17/ “You should see the doctor.”, said Lan ……… 18/ “You should take science appreciation courses at school”, she said
……….………
19/ “You should have waited for us, Bill”, said the coach ……… 20/ “I’ll see you tomorrow”, she said ……… 21/ “Don’t forget to phone the police”, she told him ……… 22/ “Why don’t you ask her yourself?”, I said to my brother
23/ “Shall we go for a swim now?”
She suggested 24/ “I know I am wrong”
He admitted… 25/ “I desperately want to become a doctor”
He dreamed… 26/ “I won’t allow you to get in touch with him”
Her father prevented her 27/ “I didn’t say that”
She denied… 28/ “It’s really nice of you to visit me”
She thanked him 29/ “You’ve stolen my bicycle”
The boy accused his friend 30/ “I really need a break after lunch”
(6) She admitted 32/ “”What about playing tennis”
Tom suggested 33/ “Sorry I’m late”
She apologized for 34/ “I can’t let you use the mobile phone”
Her mother prevented her 35/ “I didn’t turn on the TV”
He denied… 36/ “I feel like going to America soon”
The woman looked forward to 37/ “I like the car I will buy it”
The woman thought of 38/ “You had better go to the doctor”
He……… me 39/ “I’ll lend you some money!”
He ………me 40/ “Give me your homework.”
The teacher told us 41/ “Please, don’t smoke in my car.”
He asked us 42/ “I’ll buy you an ice-cream.”
My Dad promised 43/ “Would you like to have a drink with me?”
He invited me 44/ “You should give up smoking.”
The doctor advised me 45/ “Don’t shoot.”
The General ordered us 46/ “Please don’t tell anyone what happened,” Anne said to me
Anne told me 47/ “Would you like to go to the cinema with me tonight,” he said
He ………… 48/ “Remember to pick up me at p.m tomorrow afternoon,” she said
She ………… 49/ “Stay in bed in a few days,” the doctor said to me
The doctor… 50/ He said to them: “Don’t tell me such a nonsense!”
He told them 51/ “If I were you, Bill, I’d buy the house” Stephen said
Stephen…… My father asked me _ of the film
what you think what I think what did you think what I thought
“ Why hasn’t Minh phoned? ” she wondered
she wondered why Minh hasn’t phoned she wondered why Minh didn’t phone she wondered why Minh hadn’t phoned she wondered why hadn’t Minh phoned “Could you tell me how to get to the airport?”
he asked me how to get to the airport he said if I could tell him the airport
he told me how to get to the airport he asked me to tell how to get to the airport
“Have you heard of her marriage?”
she asked me if I hear of their marriage she asked me whether I had heard of their marriage she asked me if I had heard of their marriage B and C