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A comparative study of discourse structures and some major linguistic features of international declarations and international conventions on human rights
acknowledgementsFirst of all, I would like to express my deep gratitude to Assoc. Prof. Dr Hoang Van Van, my supervisor, for his valuable guidance, advice and suggestions in writing this thesis. I also would like to note that I am truly thankful to all the lecturers at Postgraduate Department of CFL, VNU for their enthusiasm during my M.A. course.Lastly, I wish to thank the family members and friends of mine for their constant encouragements and supports.i TABLE OF CONTENTS PageACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iTABLE OF CONTENTS iiABBREVIATIONS viChapter I: Introduction1.1 General introduction 11.2 Aims and Objectives of the study 11.3 Scope of the study 21.4 Method of the study 21.5 Organization of the study 3Chapter II: literature review2.1 Discourse and discourse structure 42.1.1 Discourse 42.1.2 Discourse Analysis 42.1.3 Discourse structure 52.1.3.1 What is discourse structure? 52.1.3.2 Two views of discourse structure: as product and as process52.1.4 Thematization 62.2 Some major linguistic features 62.2.1 Modality 62.2.2 Active and Passive voices 72.2.3 Kinds of Sentence 72.2.4 Special Words/ Phrases 82.2.5 Speech acts 9ii CHAPTER IIITHE DISCOURSE STRUCTURE AND SOME MAJOR LINGUISTIC FEATURES OF THE INTERNATIONAL DECLARATION ON HUMAN RIGHTS3.1 Definition of an International Declaration 103.2 Purposes and typical legal characteristics of the International 10Declaration on Human Rights3.2.1 Purposes 103.2.2 Typical legal characteristics 103.3 A study of the discourse structure and some major linguistic features of the International Declaration on Human Rights 113.3.1 The Beginning 113.3.1.1 The Title and Preamble of the Declaration and their realization 113.3.1.2 Remarks 123.3.2 The Body 133.3.2.1 The Body of the Declaration and its realization 133.3.2.2 Remarks 14a, Use of Grammar 14a1. Modality 14a2. Use of Active / Passive voices 14a3. Sentence order 15a4. Length of sentences 15a5. Kinds of sentences 16b. Use of vocabulary 17b1. Archaic words and phrases 17b2. Technical words 17b3. Borrowed words 17c. Thematization 17d. Speech acts 173.3.3 The Ending 18iii 3.3.3.1 The Ending of the Declaration and its realization 183.3.3.2 Remarks 19CHAPTER IVTHE DISCOURSE STRUCTURE AND SOME MAJOR LINGUISTIC FEATURES OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS IN COMPARISON WITH THOSE OF THE INTERNATIONAL DECLARATION4.1 Definition of an International Convention 204.2 Purposes and typical legal characteristics of the International Convention on Human Rights 204.2.1 Purposes 204.2.2 Typical legal characteristics 204.3 A study of discourse structure and some major linguistic features of the International Convention on Human Rights in comparison with those of the International Declaration on Human Rights 214.3.1 The Beginning 214.3.1.1 The Title and Preamble of the Convention and their realization 214.3.1.2 Remarks 234.3.2 The Body 234.3.2.1 The Body of the Convention and its realization 234.3.2.2 Remarks 26a, Use of Grammar 26a1. Modality 26a2. Use of Active/ Passive voices 27a3. Sentence order 27a4. Length of sentences 27a5. Kinds of sentences 28b. Use of vocabulary 28b1. Archaic words and phrases 29b2. Technical words 29b3. Borrowed words 29iv c. Thematisation 29d. Speech acts 304.3.3 The Ending 304.3.3.1 The Ending of the Convention and its realization 304.3.3.2 Remarks 30Chapter VConclusion − Some notes oN THE similarities and differences between international Declarations and Conventions in terms of discourse structures and major linguistic features5.1 Similarities 32a, Type of discourse 32b, Register (or Functional style) 32c, Writing style 32d, Linguistic features 33e, Structure 335.2 Differences 34a, Expression 34b, Structure 34* Typical structure of an International Declaration on Human Rights 37* Typical structure of an International Convention on Human Rights 38* Sources of data 39* References 40* ANNEX I- Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948 I- International Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989 VIIv abbreviationSE.g.: for exampleN: NuclearS: Satelliteed.: editionESP: English for Specific PurposesM.A.: Master of ArtsVNU: Vietnam National UniversityCFL: College of Foreign Languages NXB: Nhà Xuất BảnĐHNN: Đại học Ngoại ngữĐHQG: Đại học Quốc giavi . THE INTERNATIONAL DECLARATION ON HUMAN RIGHTS3 .1 Definition of an International Declaration 103 .2 Purposes and typical legal characteristics of the International. the International Convention on Human Rights 20 4 .2. 1 Purposes 20 4 .2. 2 Typical legal characteristics 20 4.3 A study of discourse structure and some major linguistic