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The place which is now Annapolis, the capital of Maryland, was first settled by ten Puritan families from Virginia in 1649, and was given the name of the Town of Greenbury. It received its present name in 1695, having been made capital of the crown colony of Maryland a 5 year previously, was chartered by Queen Anne in 1708 and incorporated as a city in 1796. For a period of a little less than nine months, from November 26, 1783, it was made the temporary capital of the nation and it was there, on January 14, 1784, that the peace treaty with England was signed, ending the Revolutionary War. The city, 10 which retains its authentic colonial character, is probably best known today as the home of the United States Naval Academy. Much of its present layout dates from 1696, its radiating streets and interconnecting circles being notably similar to the plans by Sir Christopher Wren and John Evelyn for the rebuilding of London after 15 the Great Fire of 1666.1. The capital of Maryland has been located at its present site sinceA. 1649 B. 1694 C. 1695 D.17962. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage ?A. There were Puritan settlements in Virginia in the first half of the 17th century.B. Annapolis was the largest city in Maryland in 1796C. Annapolis has formally been a city for about 330 years.D. Annapolis was the nation's first capital in the eighteenth century.3. When was the notion's capital moved from Annapolis?A. in late 1783B. on January 14, 1784C. in the second half of 1784D. in 17914. Where would this paragraph most probably appear?A. in a tourist brochureB. in a book about military academiesC. in a history of PuritanismD. in a account of the Revolutionary War5. Which of the following is noted as a similarity between Annapolis and the plans for rebuilding London?A. Many of the streets in the two cities bear the same names.B. Both cities were originally built in the 17th century.C. The cities' basic street plans are similarD. The two cities were planned by Wren and Evelyn.6. According to the passage, all of the following statements about Annapolis are false except A. It was the site of the final battle of the Revolutionary War.B. It was the tenth settlement established in VirginiaC. Queen Anne made an expedition there in 1708D. It remained the capital of the nation after the Revolutionary War was formally ended7. Today Annapolis is primarily known asA. a city with an authentic colonial character and good street planning.B. the location of one America's national military academies.C. the previous capital of the nation.D. the old Town of Greenbury.8. It may be inferred from the passage thatA. the Town of Greenbury and Annapolis are the only names the site described has had since 1649.B. Annapolis was the capital of Maryland before Maryland became a state. C. Annapolis was destroyed by fire in 1696.D. Annapolis was the capital of the nation for most of the Revolutionary War period.Chester Arthur, the twenty-first President of the United States, was an unlikely holder of the highest office in land. Born in Vermont in 1830, he was the son of an Irish immigrant father and a New Hampshire mother. After becoming a lawyer in New York, he joined the Republican 5 Party and eventually came to hold a number of state offices there, including a position as head of the New York Customs House. Though personally honest, Arthur' s administration was marred by corrupt practices, and he was removed from office in 1878. When James Garfield was elected as the Republican Party's presidential candidate in 1880's, 10 Arthur, who belonged to a faction that had supported the denomination of President Grant, was offered the Vice-presidency as a conciliatory gesture. Arthur accepted, and then, in 1881, was elevated to the Presidency following Garfield's assassination. In view of his far from unblemished record and his lack of strong political support, 15 even within his own party, Arthur's move to the White House was viewed with great concern by many Americans, but, to the astonishment of most, his administration proved to be a competent and honest one. However, he never was elected President in his own right, being defeated for the nomination at his party's convention in 1884, and dying in 20 November two years later of Bright's disease during the presidency of a Democrat, Grover Cleveland.1. How does the writer describe the fact that Arthur became President ?A. as disliked B. as eventual C. as improbable D. as conciliatory2. Chester Arthur wasA. of mixed Irish-American stock B. born in Irish parentsC. born in New Hampshire D. born in New York3. Which of the following best describes Arthur's tenure as the head of the New York Customs House ?A. a thoroughly corrupt administrationB. one suffering from much corruption that Arthur, though not involved, failed to remedy.C. one which, in spite of the efforts of honest officials, was made corrupt by its leaderD. one in which corruption was not eradicated from Arthur's office until 1878.4. Why was Arthur invited to become Garfield's running-mate ?A. because his support for President Grant was half-hearted.B. because of his previous record in office.C. because Garfield wanted to hold the Republican Party together.D. because there was a danger of Garfield's being assassinated.5. During his years as President, Arthur wasA. a cause of great concern to the American people.B. a pleasant surprise to most people.C. far from unblemished in his conduct.D. the focus of strong political support.6. Who was the twentieth President of the United States ?A. Grover Cleveland B. Ulysses S. GrantC. Chester Arthur D. James Garlield7. In his bid for re-election. Authur was defeated byA. a fellow Republican B. Bright C. Grover Cleveland D. an unnamed Democrat8. How old was Chester Arthur when he died ?A. 48 B. 51 C. 54 D. 56Footracing is a popular activity in the United States. It is seen not only as a competitive sport but also as a way to exercise, to enjoy the camaraderie of like-minded people, and to donate money to a good cause. Though serious runners may spend months training 5 to compete, other runners and walkers might not train at all. Those not competing to win might run in an effort to beat their own time or simply to enjoy the fun and exercise. People of all ages, from those of less than one year (who may be pushed in strollers) to those in their eighties, enter into this sport. The races are held on city 10 streets, on college campuses, through parks, and in suburban areas, and they are commonly 5 to 10 kilometers in length. The largest footrace in the world is the 12-kilometer Bay to Breakers race that is held in San Francisco every spring. This race begins 15 on the east side of the city near San Francisco Bay and ends on the west side at the Pacific Ocean. There may be 80,000 or more people running in this race through the streets and hills of San Francisco. In the front are the serious runners who compete to win and who might finish in as little as 34 minutes. Behind them are the thousands 20 who take several hours to finish. In the back of the race are those who dress in costumes and come just for fun. One year there was a group of men who dressed like Elvis Presley, and another group consisted of firefighters who were tied together in a long line and who were carrying a firehose. There was even a bridal party, in which the 25 bride was dressed in a long white gown and the groom wore a tuxedo. The bride and groom threw flowers to bystanders, and they were actually married at some point along the route.1. The main purpose of this passage is toA. encourage people to exercise B. describe a popular activityC. give reasons for the popularity of footraces D. make fun of runners in costume2. As used in line 1, the word "activity" is most similar to which of the following? A. pursuit B. motion C. pilgrimage D. expectation3. The word "cameraderie" could be best replaced by which of the following?A. games B. companionship C. jokes D. views4. The phrase "to a good cause" could be best replaced by which of the following?A. for an award B. to reward the winnerC. for a good purpose D. to protect a wise investment5. Which of the following is NOT implied by the author?A. Footraces appeal to a variety of people.B. Walkers can compete for prizes.C. Entering a race is a way to give support to an organization.D. Running is a good way to strengthen the heart.6. The word "beat" could be best replaced by which of the followingA. incline B. overturn C. outdo D. undermine7. As used in line 6, the word "strollers" refers toA. cribs B. wheelchairs C. wagons D. carriages8. In what lines does the author give reasons for why people enter footracesA. Footracing . . . and exercise. B. People of all ages . . . in length.C. The largest . . . 34 minutes. D. Behide them . . . a firehose. 9. The word "costumes" most likely refers toA. outfits B. uniforms C. cloaks D. suits10. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in this passage?A. Some runners looked like Elvis Presley.B. Some runners were ready to put out a fire.C. Some runners were participating in a wedding.D. Some runners were serious about winning.11. A "bystander" refers to which of the following?A. a walker B. a participant C. a spectator D. a judge12. Which of the following best describes the organization of this passage?A. chronological order B. specific to generalC. cause and result D. statement and exampleSound moves form its source to the ear by wavelike fluctuations in air pressure, something like the crests and troughs of ocean waves. Once way to keep from hearing sound is to use ear plugs. Another way is to cancel out the sound with anti-sound. Using a noisemarker 5 controlled by a microprocessor, engineers have produced sound waves that are half a wavelength out of phase with those of the noise to be quieted-each crest is matched to a trough, and vice versa. Once the researchers have recorded the offending sound, a microprocessor calculates the amplitude and wavelength of sound that will cancel 10 out the crests and troughs of noise. It then produces an electric current that is amplified and fed to a loudspeaker, which produces anti-sound and wipes out the noise. If the anti-sound goes out of synchronization, a microphone picks up the leftover sound and sends it back to the microprocessor, which changes the phase of the anti- 15 sound just enough to cause complete silence. The research team has concentrated on eliminating low-frequency noise from ship engines, which causes fatigue that can impair the efficiency and alertness of the crew, and may mask the warning sounds of alarm 20 and fog signals.1. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To discuss a physical handicap B. To warn about a growing dangerC. To describe the structure of the ear D. To report on a new invention2. The passage compares sound toA. the rising and falling of water in the oceanB. the crests and valleys of mountain rangesC. a flag waving in the airD. a machine for gauging air pressure3. The passage discusses a way to deal with an offensive noise byA. diverting people's attention from it B. masking it with a louder noiseC. canceling it out electronically D. removing its source4. One of the functions of the microprocessor described in the passage is toA. produce musical sounds B. monitor sound patternsC. record different kinds of noise D. increase the volume of leftover sounds5. The microprocessor described in the passage will probably be used forA. composing music B. repairing alarm systemsC. eliminating engine noises D. intensifying for warning sounds6. The researcher mentioned in the passage are concerned about unwanted noise because it can A. cause deafness B. create hazardous working conditionsC. damage loudspeakers and sound equipment D. influence ocean waves7. According to the passage, what group of people will probably first from the use of the microprocessor?A. Ship's crews B. Research engineersC. People with insomnia D. Engine repair teams8. A paragraph following the passage would most probably discussA. the nature of fog B. a way to improve alarm systemsC. other causes of fatigue D. other uses for the microprocessorAlgae is a primitive form of life, a single-celled or simple multiple-celled organism that is able to conduct the process of photosynthesis. It is generally found in water but can also be found elsewhere, growing on such surfaces as rocks or trees. The various types of algae are 5 classified according to pigment. Blue-green algae, or Cyanophyta, can grow at very high temperatures and under high-intensity light. This type of algae is the oldest form of life with photosynthetic capabilities. Fossilized remains of 10 blue-green algae more than 3.4 billion years old have been found in parts of Africa. Green algae, or Chlorophyta, is generally found in fresh water. It reproduces on the surfaces of enclosed bodies of water such as ponds 15 or lakes and has the appearance of a fuzzy green coating on the surface of the water. Brown algae, or Phaeophyta, grows in shallow, temperate water. This type of algae is the largest in size and is most recognizable 20 as a type of seaweed. Its long stalks can be enmeshed on the ocean floor, or it can float freely on the ocean's surface. Red algae, or Rhodophyta, is a small, delicate organism found in the deep waters of the subtropics. This type of algae has an essential role 25 in the formation of coral reefs: it secretes lime from the seawater to foster the formation of limestone deposits.1. What is the author's main purposeA. To show what color algae isB. To differentiate the various classifications of algaeC. To describe where algae is foundD. To clarify the appearance of different types of algae2. Which of the following is NOT true about algae?A. All types have one cell only. B. It can be found out of water.C. It can use photosynthesis. D. It is not a relatively new form of life.3. The word "pigment" at the end of the first paragraph meansA. size B. shape C. compositionD. color4. Algae remnants found in Africa areA. still flourishing B. photogenic C. extremely old D. red in color5. Green algae is generally foundA. on the ocean floor B. on top of the waterC. throughout ponds and lakes D. surrounding enclosed bodies of water6. Brown algae would most likely be foundA. on trees B. near green algae C. on rocks D. in the ocean7. According to the passage, red algae isA. sturdy B. huge C. fragile D. found in shallow water8. It can be inferred from the passage that limestone deposits serve as the basis of A. coral reefs B. red algaeC. subtropical seawater D. secret passagesIn the early 1800s, to reach the jump-off point for the West, a family from the East of the United States could either buy steamboat passage to Missouri for themselves, their wagons, and their livestock or-as happened more often-simply pile everything into a wagon, hitch up 5 a team, and begin their overland trek right in their front yard. Along the macadamized roads and turnpikes east of the Missouri River, travel was comparatively fast, camping easy, and supplies plentiful. Then, in one river town or another, the neophyte emigrants would 10 pause to lay in provisions. For outfitting purposes, the town of Independence had been preeminent ever since 1827, but the rising momentum of pioneer emigration had produced some rival jump-off points. Westport and Fort Leavenworth flourished a few miles upriver. St. Joseph had sprung up 55 miles to the northwest; in fact, emigrants 15 who went to Missouri by riverboat could save four days on the trail by staying on the paddle-wheelers to St. Joe before striking overland. At whatever jump-off point they chose, the emigrants studied guidebooks and directions, asked questions of others as green as themselves, 20 and made their final decisions about outfitting. They had various, sometimes conflicting, options. For example, either pack animals or two-wheel carts or wagons could be used for the overland crossing. A family man usually chose the wagon. It was the costliest and slowest of the three, but it provided space and shelter for children and 25 for a wife who likely as not was pregnant. Everybody knew that a top-heavy covered wagon might blow over in a prairie wind or be overturned by mountain rocks, that it might mire in river mud or sink to its hubs in desert sand-but maybe if those things happened on this trip, they would happen to someone else. Anyway, most pioneers, with their 30 farm background, were used to wagons.1. What is the topic of this passage?A. Important river towns B. Getting started on the trip westC. The advantages of traveling by wagon D. Choosing a point of departure2. All of the following can be inferred from the passage about travel east of the Missouri EXCEPT that itA. was faster than in the West B. was easier than in the WestC. took place on good roads D. was usually by steamboat3. The phrase "jump-off point" is closest in meaning toA. a bridge across a river B. a point of departureC. a gathering place D. a trading post4. Which of the cities that served as a jump-off point can be inferred from the passage to be farthest west?A. Independence B. St. Joseph C. Westport D. Fort Leavenworth5. The word "preeminent" is closest in meaning toA. oldest B. superior C. most easily reached D. closest6. The author implies in the passage that the early emigrantsA. knew a lot about travelB. were well stocked with provisions when they left their homesC. left from the same place in MissouriD. preferred wagon travel to other types of travel7. The word "neophyte" is closest in meaning toA. eager B. courageous C. prosperous D. inexperienced 8. All of the following were mentioned in the passage as options for modes of transportation from the Missouri River to the West EXCEPTA. a wagon B. a riverboat C. a pack animal D. a two-wheel cart9. The word "striking" is closest in meaning toA. hitting B. orienting C. departing D. marking10. The expression "green" is closest in meaning toA. frightened B. optimistic C. inexperienced D. weary11. All of the following features of the covered wagon made it unattractive to the emigrants EXCEPTA. the speed at which it could travel B. its bulkC. its familiarity and size D. its cost12. The phrase "those things" refers toA. the types of transportation B. the belongings of the pioneersC. the problems of wagon travel D. the overland routes"The economic history of the United States", one scholar has written, "is the history of the rise and development of the capitalistic system." The colonists of the eighteenth century pushed forward what those of the seventeenth century had begun: the expansion and elaboration 5 of an economy born in the great age of capitalist expansion. Our excellent natural resources paved the way for the development of abundant capital to increase our growth. Capital includes the tools-such as machines, vehicles, and buildings-that make the outputs 10 of labor and resources more valuable. But it also includes the funds necessary to buy those tools. If a society had to consume everything it produced just to stay alive, nothing could be put aside to increase future productions. But if a farmer can grow more corn than his family needs to eat, he can use the surplus as seed to increase the next 15 crop, or to feed workers who build tractors. This process of capital accumulation was aided in the American economy by our cultural heritage. Saving played an important role in the European tradition; it contributed to Americans' motivation to put something aside today for the tools to buy tomorrow.20 The great bulk of the accumulated wealth of America, as distinguished from that which was consumed, was derived either directly or indirectly from trade. Though some manufacturing existed, its role in the accumulation of capital was negligible. A merchant class of opulent proportions 25 was already visible in the seaboard cities, its wealth the obvious consequence of shrewd and resourceful management of the carrying trade. Even the rich planters of tidewater Virginia and the rice coast of South Carolina finally depended for their genteel way of life upon the ships and merchants who sold their tobacco and rice 30 in the markets of Europe. As colonial production rose and trade expanded, a business community emerged in the colonies, linking the provinces by lines of trade and identity of interest.1. With what subject is this passage mainly concerned?A. Geography B. Finance C. Economics D. Culture2. The phrase "paved the way for" is closest in meaning toA. paid for B. supported C. accumulated D. resembled3. The word "it" refers toA. growth B. resources C. labor D. capital 4. According to the passage, capital includes all of the following EXCEPTA. factories B. tractors C. money D. workers5. The word "funds" is closest in meaning toA. money B. resources C. output D. support6. The phrase "put aside" is closest in meaning toA. hidden B. saved C. reviewed D. consumed7. According to the passage, which of the following would lead to accumulating capital?A. Training workers who produce goodsB. Studying the cultural history of the countryC. Consuming what is producedD. Planting more of a crop than is needed8. It can be inferred from the passage that the European ancestors of early AmericansA. sent many tools to America B. taught their skills to their offspringC. were accustomed to saving D. were good farmers9. According to the passage, the emergence of a business community in the colonies was a result ofA. efficient saving B. the immigration of wealthy bankersC. the success of production and tradeD. the existence of manufacturing . London after 15 the Great Fire of 166 6.1. The capital of Maryland has been located at its present site sinceA. 164 9 B. 169 4 C. 169 5 D.17962. Which of the following. Puritan families from Virginia in 164 9, and was given the name of the Town of Greenbury. It received its present name in 169 5, having been made capital