PAPER READING hour 30 minutes PART For questions 1-18, read the three texts below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet Kenneth and Rory Kenneth made a show of squeezing Rory’s boney shoulder ‘Woa; feels like you could with a bit of (1) up.” “Yeah,’ Rory Said ‘Well, my stories might be a bit thin, too; maybe I should tell them to you first Let you re-tell them.’ He gave a small laugh ‘You’re the professional fictioneer in the family I’m just a glorified journalist.’ ‘Hey, is that false modesty or even a (2) of jealousy there, young Rory?’ Kenneth laughed ‘Come on, man; I stayed here while you were off getting famous, winning awards — ’ ‘Travel writing awards,’ Rory sighed ‘Nothing wrong with that The last time Isaw you, you were on TV What was that line? “Better lionised than mauled.” ?’ Ken laughed as they walked down the hill Rory made an exasperated noise and (3) his head ‘Ken, don’t you remember anything?’ Ken looked nonplussed ‘What? Did I get it (4) ?’ ‘No, but that was your line You said that Years ago You said it, not me.’ ‘Did I?’ “Yes.” Ken frowned ‘You sure?’ ‘Positive,’ Rory snapped ‘Good (5) ! I’m wittier than I thought,’ Ken said ‘Well, you’re (6) to it.’ A nourishing B fleshing C feeding D broadening A - vein B pinch C note D speck A _— shook B rocked C rolled D swayed A mistaken B wrong C amiss D aww A grace B faith C grief D sake A warranted B spared C disposable D welcome Test4 Paper Reading Marketing Movies Hyping, or to put it more politely, marketing movies can double their budget And in the end, does it really (7) the trick? Those without the major studios’ huge spending (8) are not convinced ‘There will always be an audience that follows the big campaigns,’ says Andrea Klein, of the British Film Institute, ‘but there is another which doesn’t respond to four-page colour ads.’ For this audience, reviews are all-important Publicist Jonathan Rutter concurs: ‘Most of our films can be killed (9) dead by bad reviews,’ he says Although he is not (10) to the odd gimmick, he warns against too much hype: ‘I get put off films which are over-marketed,’ he says ‘People don’t like to be spoon-fed, they prefer to make up their own minds.’ For Hollywood blockbusters, leaving people to make up their own minds is not a viable marketing strategy Films on this scale are caught up in a (11) circle To (12) inflated production costs a mass audience must be found, and to find that audience takes a giant publicity budget A pull B- work Cc play D A force B — strength C weight D power A _ stone B at C point D cold 10 A _ reluctant B counter C averse D obstinate 11 A_ relentless B vicious C brutal D merciless 12 A _ restore B refund CG recover D reimburse Class in Britain Class lies at the (13) of virtually every analysis of Britain, and most of my discussions about the state of the country usually ended up at this sociological destination, however circuitous the conversational route The subject seems (14) For an outsider, the insignia of class are not so easy to identify these days In the streets of London it’s rare to (15) a bowler hat or a cloth cap The rules of British class are opaque, and a foreigner is never certain when they (16) into play Americans tend to simplify class in Britain as a contrast between the sophisticated aristocracy and the toiling masses Much of what Americans still glimpse or read about class in Britain (17) this passing impression of separate classes with little in (18) But British class these days is a more elusive concept, even for the British 13 A _ gist B core C substance D base 14 A _ infallible B indefatigable C indelible D inexhaustible 15 A giance B peer C spot D scan 16 A (ai B break Cc arise D come 17 A _ reinforces B_ props C subsidizes D clinches 18 A amid B midway C between D halfway Test4 Paper1 Reading PART You are going to read four extracts which are all concerned in some way with people’s work and careers For questions 19-26, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet How I Work All my life ] have swung between industry and indolence, between bouts of non-stop activity and utter lethargy; and I tell myself that it is to get back into the womb-like torpor of the latter state that | (line 2) whip myself into the former Both of these extremes can take many days to burn, or fizzle themselves (line 3) out: | can work two or three days non-stop except for minimal sleep, but then this furious period will (line 4) be followed by a week or ten days of zombie-like ennui so total that not only telephone calls and letters go unanswered but the accumulation of uncleared detritus on my desk will take on the glassy (line 6) permanence of a still life I tell myself that this is a process of recharging the batteries, but at heart I know the reverse is the truth and that I have a need to run my batteries down When friends profess to marvel at the quantity of my output — it is not as great as all that —I think of the small inner voice that is telling me for heaven’s sake to get off my back and get some work done - the real inspiration It has always been fortunate for me that guilt at being unoccupied has continued, as a last resort, to drive me back to my work 19 20 Which of these words does the writer use to describe how hard he sometimes works? A _ torpor (line 2) B fizzle (line 3) C furious (line 4) D detritus (line 6) The writer feels that the truth about his working habits is that A he feels driven to prove himself to other people B he fears having nothing to occupy him C itis essential for him to exhaust himself D his desire to work is stronger than he sometimes realizes Test4 Paper Reading PART You are going to read four extracts which are all concerned in some way with people’s work and careers For questions 19-26, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet How I Work All my life | have swung between industry and indolence, between bouts of non-stop activity and utter lethargy; and I tell myself that it is to get back into the womb-like torpor of the latter state that1 đne2) whip myself into the former Both of these extremes can take many days to burn, or fizzlethemselves _(line 3) out: | can work two or three days non-stop except for minimal sleep, but then this furious period will _ (line 4) be followed by a week or ten days of zombie-like ennui so total that not only telephone calls and letters go unanswered but the accumulation of uncleared detritus on my desk willtake onthe glassy _ (line 6) permanence of a still life I tell myself that this is a process of recharging the batteries, but at heart I know the reverse is the truth and that I have a need to run my batteries down When friends profess to marvel at the quantity of my output — it is not as great as all that —I think of the small inner voice that is telling me for heaven’s sake to get off my back and get some work done - the real inspiration It has always been fortunate for me that guilt at being unoccupied has continued, as a last resort, to drive me back to my work 19 20 Which of these words does the writer use to describe how hard he sometimes works? A _ torpor (line 2) B fizzle (line 3) C furious (line 4) D detritus (line 6) The writer feels that the truth about his working habits is that A he feels driven to prove himself to other people B_he fears having nothing to occupy him C itis essential for him to exhaust himself D his desire to work is stronger than he sometimes realizes Test4 Paper1 Reading The Deal Hamilton looked up at me again ‘So I have done a deal In the circumstances quite a good deal for all involved I will accept your resignation today You will serve a two-month notice period, which should be enough time for you to find suitable employment elsewhere No one outside this room will be made aware of the reason for your resignation I’m sorry,’ he said, “but this is best for all of us, especially you.’ There it was A fait accompli A nice little deal done so that the firm could carry on as though nothing had (line 5) happened For a moment I felt like making a stand, refusing to go along with him, demanding a full investigation But there was no point I would be crucified At least, this way I could get another job (line 7) I said nothing and just stared at the conference table I could feel the colour rising to my cheeks I felt several emotions all at once There was anger, there was shame, and underlying both of these was a strong pull of (line 9) despair I opened my mouth to say something, but couldn’t I breathed deeply Control yourself You can sort it all out later Don’t say anything, don’t blow your top Just keep your composure and get out ‘OK, I said hoarsely I stood up, turned away from Hamilton and left the conference room 21 22 How did the narrator react when Hamilton told him about the ‘deal’? A Heinitially considered arguing his case against it B He wanted time to consider how he felt about it properly C He thought that Hamilton was expecting him to lose his temper D He decided that his feelings about it would change in time Which of these words is used in the text to convey the narrator’s feeling of bitterness? A nice (line 5) B crucified (line 7) C underlying (line 9) D hoarsely (line 12) Test4 Paper1 Reading (line 12) A Radio Career After twenty years in print, a radio career beckoned My broadcasting experience had been limited to a few appearances as a performing seal on pundit panels on other people’s programmes, when, in the summer of 1991, | was asked if | fancied sitting in for the regular presenter of the afternoon phone-in on London’s LBC Radio ! always reckoned | had a face for radio, so what the hell? | didn’t have to give up the day job So at p.m one sweltering Monday, a time when all sensible journalists are embarking on a serious lunch, | found myself sitting in a studio wondering what on earth | was going to for the next fortnight, especially if no one rang up | was terrified Fortunately | got away with it The gig lasted a fortnight, after which | was a quivering mess of exhaustion But I’d caught the bug From then on | decided that what | wanted was my own radio show After several stints as a locum, the following summer | was given my own show It’s one thing sitting in for other presenters, but you are naturally constrained The trick is to be competent, but not brilliant They want a safe pair of hands, but it’s bad form to take too many catches Your job is to keep the audience happy, but make sure the star is welcomed back with open arms You don’t really develop your own act until you get your own circus 23 Why did the writer agree to present the phone-in programme? A He wanted to something different from what other journalists did B He felt that he had nothing to lose C D 24 Heenjoyed a sense of danger He thought he had done well when appearing on other programmes The writer implies that when he was sitting in for another presenter, A B hedid not always what was expected of someone fulfilling that role hemade some errors due to his inexperience C he took a different approach to the one he had when he got his own show D he did not always take the job very seriously Test4 Paper1 Reading A Hollywood Phenomenon Did the twenty-five-year old Orson Welles know what he had wrought in Citizen Kane? Did he have any inkling as yet that it might be one of the greatest films ever made, as well as one of our century’s greatest works of art? Although his first months in Hollywood had proved disappointing and at times humiliating, he had known very great artistic success before He had already made theater history However much maddening frustration he had experienced in Hollywood thus far, however often he had secretly feared having to leave in disgrace, now it seemed only natural to him to conquer the cinema as well It had merely been a question of out-smarting the studio, getting his picture made without their interference This was the boundless ambition that Martin Scorsese cites as having been widely resented in Hollywood It was expressed not only in Orson’s having written, produced, directed and starred in his picture, but in its emphatic, self-assertive style As he had in the theater, now in Hollywood he created himself as the star-director The unusually low camera angles, the deep focus, the overlapping sound, the often unnerving cuts between scenes, these and other shock effects call as much attention to what is going on behind the camera as in front of it 25 The writer says that while Orson Welles was making Citizen Kane, he A came to question his abilities as a film-maker B_had 26 to defeat attempts to influence him C realized that his success in the theatre was useful to him D had a clear idea as to how it would come to be regarded One thing about Orson Welles that others in Hollywood disliked was A _ the extent to which he had been involved in the making of Citizen Kane B hisrefusal to allow them to force him to leave Hollywood C the use he made of certain unusual film-making techniques D his assertion that his approach to film-making was better than theirs Test4 Paper1 Reading PART You are going to read an article Seven paragraphs have been removed from the article Choose from the paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap (27-33) There is one extra paragraph which you not need to use Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet HELP GUIDE US THROUGH THE UNIVERSE Sir Martin Rees, Astronomer Royal, launches this year’s Young Science Writer competition |_ 30 | If you ask scientists what they’re doing, the answer won't be ‘Finding the origin of the universe’, ‘Seeking the cure It’s unusual for science to earn newspaper headlines Coverage that has to be restricted to crisp newsworthy for cancer’ or suchlike It will involve something very specialised, a small piece of the jigsaw that builds up the breakthroughs in any case distorts the way science big picture develops Scientific advances are usually gradual and cumulative, and better suited to feature articles, or documentaries — or even books, for which the latent | 27 | So, unless they are cranks or geniuses, scientists don’t shoot directly for a grand goal - they focus on bite-sized demand is surprisingly strong For example, millions bought A Brief History of Time, which caught the public imagination problems that seem timely and tractable But this strategy (though prudent) carries an occupational risk: they may forget they’re wearing blinkers and fail to see their own | st | work in its proper perspective | 28 | would personally derive far less satisfaction from my research if it interested only a few other academics But presenting one’s work to non-specialists isn’t easy We | It is depressing that these are often featured uncriticaily in the media, distracting attention from more genuine us to see our work in a broader context Journalists can it better, and their efforts can put a key discovery in advances | 32 | perspective, converting an arcane paper published in an obscure journal into a tale that can inspire others On such occasions, people often raise general concerns about the way science is going and the impact it may have; they wonder whether taxpayers get value for money competition But books on pyramidology, visitations by aliens, and suchlike even better: a symptom of a fascination with the paranormal and ‘New Age’ concepts scientists often it badly, although the experience helps | 29 | Nevertheless, serious books find a ready market That’s the good news for anyone who wants to enter this | from the research they support More intellectual audiences wonder about the basic nature of science: how Most scientists are quite ordinary, and their lives unremarkable But occasionally they exemplify the link between genius and madness; these ‘eccentrics’ are more enticing biographees | 33| objective can we be? And how creative? Is science There seems, gratifyingly, to be no single ‘formula’ for science writing — many themes are still under-exploited genuinely a progressive enterprise? What are its limits and are we anywhere near them? It is hard to explain, in you're faced with a clean sheet of paper or a blank simple language, even a scientific concept that you understand well My own (not always effective) attempts have deepened my respect for science reporters, who have to assimilate quickly, with a looming deadline, a topic they may be quite unfamiliar with Turning out even 700 words seems a daunting task if screen, but less so if you have done enough reading and interviewing on a subject to become inspired For research students who enter the competition, science (and how you it) is probably more interesting than personal autobiography But if, in later life, you become both brilliant and crazy, you can hope that someone else writes a best-seller about you Page 96 Test4 Paper1 Reading | However, over-sensational claims are a hazard for them Some researchers themselves ‘hype up’ new discoveries to attract press interest Maybe it matters little what people believe about Darwinism or cosmology But we should be more concerned that misleading or over-confident claims on any topic of practical import don’t gain More surprising was the commercial success of Sir Roger Penrose’s The Emperor’s New Mind This is a fascinating romp through Penrose’s eclectic enthusiasms — enjoyable and enlightening But it was a surprising best seller, as much of it is heavy going The sales pitch ‘great scientist says mind is more than a mere wide currency Hopes of miracle cures can be machine’ was plainly alluring Many who bought raised; risks can be either exaggerated, or else glossed over for commercial pressures Science popularisers — perhaps even those who enter this competition — have to be as sceptical of some scientific claims as journalists routinely are of politicians it must have got a nasty surprise when they opened it Despite this, there’s a tendency in recent science writing to be chatty, laced with gossip and biographical detail But are scientists as interesting as their science? The lives of Albert Einstein and Richard Feyman are of interest, but is that true of the routine practitioner? Two mathematicians have been treated as such in recent books: Paul Erdos, the obsessive itinerant Hungarian (who described himself as ‘a machine for turning coffee into theorems’) and John Nash, a pioneer of game theory, who resurfaced in his sixties, after 30 years of insanity, to receive a Nobel prize For example, the American physicist Robert Wilson spent months carrying out meticulous measurements with a microwave antenna which eventually revealed the ‘afterglow of creation’ — the ‘echo’ of the Big Bang with which our universe began Wilson was one of the rare scientists with the luck and talent to make a really great discovery, but afterwards he acknowledged that its importance didn’t sink in unti! he read a ‘popular’ description of it in the New York Times Test4 Paper1 Reading But if they have judged right, it won’t be a trivial problem — indeed it will be the most difficult that they are likely to make progress on The great zoologist Sir Peter Medawar famously described scientific work as ‘the art of the soluble’ ‘Scientists,’ he wrote, ‘get no credit for failing to solve a problem beyond their capacities They earn at best the kindly contempt reserved for utopian politicians.’ This may be because, for non-specialists, it is tricky to demarcate well-based ideas from flaky speculation But it’s crucially important not to blur this distinction when writing articles for a general readership Otherwise credulous readers may take too much on trust, whereas hardnosed sceptics may reject all scientific claims, without appreciating that some have firm empirical support Such a possibility is one reason why this competition to encourage young people to take up science writing is So important and why | am helping to launch it today Another is that popular science writing can address wider issues When | give talks about astronomy and cosmology, the questions that interest people most are the truly ‘fundamental’ ones that | can’t answer: ‘Is there life in space?’, ‘Is the universe infinite?’ or ‘Why didn’t the Big Bang happen sooner?’ PART You are going to read an extract from a novel For questions 34—40, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet FAT MIKEY Even in my dewy days, I never gazed at the world wide-eyed with wonder If I wasn’t born shrewd, at least I grew up too smart to be naive So how come in the prime of my life, at the height of my powers, I could not foresee what would happen in the Torkelson case? Was IJ too street smart? Had I been around the block so many times that I had finally lost my sense of direction? Ages ago, soon after I became a criminal defense lawyer, Fat Mikey LoTriglio hailed me across the vast concrete expanse of the courthouse steps ‘Hey, girlie!’ His tomato of a face wore an expression that seemed (I squinted) amiable, pretty surprising considering he’d just been sprung from Elmira after doing two and a half years on the three counts of aggravated assault I’d prosecuted him for ‘Come over here,’ he called out ‘Hey, I’m not going to kill you, In Fat Mikey’s world, that was not hyperbole but a promise; he got busy straightening his tie to demonstrate he was not concealing a Walther PPK ‘I hear you’re not working for the D.A any more,’ he boomed I strolled over, smiling to show I didn’t hold any grudges either, and offered my hand, which he shook in the overly vigorous manner of a man trying to show a professional woman that he’s comfortable with professional women Then I handed him my business card I was not unaware that Fat Mikey was one of three organized crime figures the cops routinely picked up for questioning on matters of Mob-related mayhem To have Fat Mikey as a client was to have an annuity He glanced down at my card to recall my name ‘Lee?’ Naturally, I didn’t respond ‘Fat?’ And to call him ‘Mike’ after having called him ‘a vulture feasting on society’s entrails’ in my summation might seem presumptuous So I murmured a polite ‘Mmm?’ ‘A girl like you from a good family — ‘Are you kidding?’ I started to say, but he wouldn’t let ‘I could tell you got class, watching you at the trial,’ he went on “You know how? Good posture — and not just in the morning Plus you say ‘whom.’ Anyways, you really think you can make a living defending guys like me?’ He didn’t seem so much sexist as sincerely curious “This is what you had in mind when you went to law school?’ he