Reading Review Test 13 0f39 The word’ © © © © 140f39 In paragraph 2, which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the problems with fluorescent lights? The need to replace them often An annoying sound The harsh quality of the light they produce Their tendency to flicker According to the passage, a red LED is different from a green LED because it © © © © 16 0f39 is made from different materials uses a different amount of energy uses a red plastic filter, not a green one produces less heat The word #fiéy in the passage refers to © © © © 17of39 in the passage is closest in meaning to logically generally amazingly naturally © © © © 150f39 181 white-light-emitting diodes digital clocks, calculators, toys, and similar devices engineers red, orange, and green LEDs Inparagraph 5, what achievement of Shuji Nakamura does the author mention? © © © © 18 0f39 discovered the chemical compound gallium nitride invented the first WLED found a way to combine blue, green, and yellow LED light developed a bright blue LED It can be inferred from the passage that the most recently developed type of LED is a powerful © © © © 19 of39 He He He He red LED white LED blue LED green LED In paragraph 5, the author compares one type of WLED because they both © © use ultraviolet light are filled with gas © are energy efficient © employ a chemical coating with fluorescent light a ee= ° wa a 182 Section Guide to Reading 20 of 39 From the information in paragraph 5, it is clear that WLEDs could be used in homes today if they were ©) © © © 21 of 39 not so expensive easier to install twice as efficient as incandescent lights available in various colors The author gives details about the use of kerosene lights in paragraph in order to ©) explain why people in developing countries prefer kerosene light © show the problems and dangers associated with this form of © give an example of a type of lighting that is not as important ©) demonstrate that kerosene is brighter and easier to use than 22 of 39 the energy of the sun batteries water power ahuman-powered generator The word © © © © 24 of 39 lighting as it once was WLEDs According to the information in paragraph 6, the electricity to power WLEDs in rural villages would come directly from © © © © 23 of 39 to electrical Savas senate teramienne conve il in the passage is closest in meaning to inexpensive powerful standard experimental What opinion about cell phones in the developing world does the author express in paragraph 62 ©) They are an important form of communication, but are still too expensive for many people ©) They are a much more important technological development than LEDs ©) They are not as useful as phones that use land lines ©) They have changed communication in the way LEDs may change lighting 25 of 39 Look at the four squares [ll] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage But 95% of the energy goes to produce heat and is basically wasted At the end of the 1800’s, Thomas Edison introduced the incandescent light bulb and changed the world Remarkably, the incandescent bulb used today has changed little in over a hundred years ml A glass bulb is filled with an inert gas such as argon Inside the bulb, electricity passes through a metal filament Because of resistance, the filament becomes so hot that it glows ll Given that 20% of the world’s electricity is used to power lights, this is an enormous amount of wasted energy Hl Circle the square (™] that indicates the best place to add the sentence Reading Review Test 26 0f39 183 DirEcTIONS: Below is an introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage Complete the summary by writing the letters of three of the answer choices that express the most important ideas of the passage Some of the answer choices are incorrect because they express ideas that are not given in the passage or because they express only details from the passage Incandescent lights and fluorescent lights are two common types of lighting, but incandescents are wasteful and fluorescents are not popular for home use z e e Answer Choices B C There are two ways to create WLEDs, but neither type is commonly used in homes at present An entire rural village can be litwith LEDs using no more energy than a 100-watt bulb Color LEDs are in use today, and white LEDs may be used to light homes in the near future D £, E ¬ LEDs are much more efficient than incandescent lights but not as efficient as fluorescent lights The greatest impact of LEDs will probably be in rural areas of the developing world LEDs, arelatively new form of lighting, are efficient and produce a pleasant light The Impressionists = (ep) A pe) = In April 1870, an art exhibit opened in Paris featuring famous and priceless works of art However, at the time, no one knew that these paintings would one day be considered masterpieces The paintings and the painters were Vi unknown at the time and would remain that way for several years In the nineteenth century, French art was dominated by the Academy of Fine Arts Every year the academy held an art show called Le Salon In 1863, the Academy rejected one of the paintings of Edouard Manet Manet and a group of other independent artists organized their own show, which they called Salon des Refusés (Salon of the Rejected), which opened on April 15, 1874 A newspaper critic named Louis Leroy visited the gallery and was not pleased with what he saw One painting of boats in a harbor at dawn by Claude Monet particularly enraged him It was called Impression: Sunset Leroy wrote that this piece, and in fact most of the pieces in the show, looked like “impressions”—a term for a preliminary, unfinished sketch made before a painting is done Leroy’s newspaper review was jokingly called “The Exhibition of the Impressionists.” Within a few Leroy’s review, the term Impressionists had clearly stuck, not as a term of y @eHsi6A but as a badge of honor, and a new movement was born 184 Section Guide to Reading The Impressionist movement included the French painters Edouard Manet, Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Edgar Degas, Paul Cezanne, and the American painter Mary Cassatt The techniques and standards employed within the Impressionist movement varied widely, and though the artists shared a core of values, the real glue which bound the movement together was its spirit of rebellion and independence This spirit is clear when you compare Impressionist paintings with traditional French paintings of the time Traditional painters tended to paint rather serious scenes from history and mythology Many Impressionist paintings feature pleasant scenes of urban life, celebrating the leisure time that the Industrial Revolution had won for the middle class, as shown in Renoir’s luminous painting Luncheon of the Boating Party In that famous painting, the sun filters through the orange-striped awning, bathing everything and everyone at the party in its warm light Renoir once said that paintings should be “ likable, joyous, and pretty.” He said, “There are enough unpleasant things in this world We don’t have to paint them as well.” It is this joy of life that makes Renoir’s paintings so distinctive The Impressionists delighted in painting landscapes (except for Edgar Degas, who preferred painting indoor scenes, and Mary Cassatt, who mainly painted portraits of mothers and children) Traditional painters, too, painted landscapes, but their landscapes tended to be somber and dark The Impressionists’ landscapes sparkle with light Impressionists insisted that their works be “true to nature.” When they painted landscapes, they carried their paints and canvases outdoors in order to capture the ever-changing light Traditional painters generally made preliminary sketches outside but worked on the paintings themselves in their studios “Classic” Impressionist paintings are often easy to niques used by the painters One of the first “rules” of the Impressionists, that the colors should be dropped pure on the canvas instead of getting mixed on the palette, was respected by only a few of them and for only a couple of years, but most Impressionists mixed their paints as little as possible They believed that it was better to allow the eye to mix the colors as it viewed them on the canvas The traditional technique at the time was to make sketches or outlines of the subject before painting them Generally, Impressionists painted directly onto the canvas without sketches Impressionists tended to paint with short, thick strokes of paints shaped like commas While traditional painters paid attention to details, Impressionists valued overall effect Traditional painters always tried to hide their brush strokes, but Impressionists left brush strokes on the canvas for the world to see Unlike traditional painters, Impressionists applied one layer of paint on top of # without waiting for the paint to dry These techniques created paintings that seemed strange and unfinished to the general public when they were first painted, but are much loved in our time Glossary palette: a board with a hole for the thumb on which painters mix their colors Reading Review Test 27 of 39 What point does the author make about the art show that opened on April 15, 1874, at the Salon des Refusés in Paris? © © © © 28 of 39 in the passage is closest in meaning to the word almost infinitely seemingly forever © © © he understood that these artists did not carefully study their subjects, but only got a quick impression of what they painted he thought that Monet's painting, and all of the paintings at the show, looked like unfinished drawings he believed that giving these artists a group name would help them become famous he thought that the painting Impression: Sunset was the best painting at the show The word © ridicule © sorrow in the passage is closest in meaning to © sincerity ©) respect 31 of 39 Which of the following sentences best expresses the essential information in the sentence below? (Incorrect answer choices omit important information or change the meaning of the original sentence in an important way.) The techniques and standards employed within the Impressionist movement varied widely, and though the artists shared a core of values, the real glue which bound the movement together was its spirit of rebellion and independence © wv m eS s le, According to the author, Louis Leroy used the term “Impressionists” because © 30 of 39 It was more popular with visitors and critics than the official show called “Le Salon.” It made the painters and paintings shown there instantly successful Its organizers refused to allow Edouard Manet to display his paintings there It featured famous paintings and painters before they became well known The word © © © © 29 of 39 185 The core of values shared by the Impressionists was the most important connection between them © Although there were artistic differences among the Impressionists, they were united by an independent spirit and shared values © At first the Impressionist movement was held together by a shared set of techniques and standards, but in time they rebelled against these core values © Although the Impressionists’ values differed, their techniques and standards helped create a strong, independent spirit 186 Section Guide to Reading 32 of 39 Renoir’s painting Luncheon of the Boating Party is given in paragraph as an example of © an industrial scene © astudy of some urban buildings © a picture of people enjoying their leisure time © a traditional French painting 33 of 39 According to the information in paragraph 5, what did the painters Edgar Degas and Mary Cassatt have in common? © © ©) ©) 34 of 39 was not really a rule at all was the most important rule of all led Impressionists to mix their colors lasted longer than other rules The word © © 37 of 39 studied the ever-changing light did not make any preliminary sketches never left their studios sketched outdoors but painted indoors It can be inferred from the information in paragraph that in the author's view, the first “rule” of Impressionism © ©) © © 36 of 39 painted portraits of children and mothers them was originally from France them was primarily interested in landscapes preferred painting unpleasant scenes According to paragraph 5, when traditional painters worked on landscape paintings, they © © ©) © 35 of 39 They both Neither of Neither of They both n paragraph is closest in meaning to paint identify © admire © ignore The phrase © an artist © a painting © a brush stroke © a layer of paint ole in the passage refers to Reading Review Test 38 of 39 187 Look at the four squares [lM] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage This play of light can be seen in Claude Monet's paintings Water Lilies, Green Harmony, and The Bridge at Argenteuil The Impressionists delighted in painting landscapes (except for Edgar Degas, who preferred painting indoor scenes, and Mary Cassatt, who painted portraits of mothers and children) M Traditional painters, too, painted landscapes, but their landscapes tended to be somber and dark m The Impressionists’ landscapes sparkle with light m Impressionists insisted that their works be “true to nature.” m When they painted landscapes, they carried their paints and canvases outdoors in order to capture the ever-changing light Traditional painters generally made preliminary sketches outside but worked on the paintings themselves in their studios Circle the square [Mi] that indicates the best place to add the sentence Directions: Select phrases from the answer choices and match them to the category to which they relate Two answer choices will not be used This question is worth points Answer Choices Their classic pieces are very distinctive because of the methods they used to create them B They often painted serious scenes from history and mythology C Their works were considered unusual at the time but are prized today D They used darker colors when painting landscapes.| E They celebrated middle-class people enjoying their] leisure time They seldom completely finished their paintings They concentrated on details They painted abstract scenes with no recognizable figures in them I Their landscape paintings were filled with light Impressionist Painters A oO)m 39 of 39 This is the end of the Reading Review Test Traditional Painters đ Â READING TUTORIAL: VOCABULARY BUILDING This section of the text provides synonyms for more than 500 words, together with practice exercises designed to improve your ability to use context to choose the word that best fits into a sentence VOCABULARY EXERCISE abandon uv desert, leave behind able adj capable, qualified, fit abolish v end, eliminate abrupt adj sudden, hasty, unexpected acclaim v applaud, praise, honor; n applause, praise, honor accommodating adj helpful, welcoming, cooperative acrid adj bitter, sharp, biting adapt v adjust, modify adept adj skillful, expert adhere v stick, cling admonish v warn, caution, advise adorn v decorate, ornament advent n coming, arrival adverse adj hostile, negative, contrary affluent adj rich, wealthy, prosperous, well-to-do, thriving aggravate v (1) annoy, irritate; (2) intensify, worsen aggregate adj entire, total, combined agile adj graceful, nimble, lively ailment n sickness, illness, disease allot v divide, distribute amazing adj astonishing, astounding, surprising, startling amiable adj agreeable, congenial, pleasant, friendly anticipate v foresee, expect, predict anxious adj (1) worried, nervous, apprehensive; (2) eager, avid appraise v evaluate, estimate, assess apt adj (1) appropriate, suitable, correct, relevant, proper; (2) likely, prone arduous adj difficult, strenuous, exhausting arid adj dry, barren aroma n fragrance, smell, odor, scent artificial adj synthetic, imitation, man-made astonishing adj surprising, amazing, astounding 188 Reading Tutorial: Vocabulary Building 189 astute adj intelligent, clever, perceptive attain v accomplish, achieve augment v supplement, increase, strengthen, expand austere adj strict, harsh, severe, stern authentic adj genuine, true averse adj opposed to, against, hostile to aversion n dislike, hostility, fear awkward adj clumsy Directions: Complete the following sentences by filling in the blanks with vocabulary items (A), (B), or (C), according to the context of the sentences The first one is done for you as an example Penicillin can have an A _ (A) adverse effect on a person who is allergic to it (B) anxious (C) awkward Burning rubber produces an _ smoke (A) adept (B) arid (C) acrid Rationing isasystem for _ scarce resources (A) allotting (B) adapting (C) appraising Anthrax is generally an _ of sheep and cattle, but it can also be transmitted to humans (A) ailment (B) aroma (C) aversion Lawrence Gilman is admired for his _, scholarly musical criticism (A) austere (B) astute (C) abrupt Mountain climbing isan _ sport (A) austere (B) arduous (C) anxious Turtles _ their eggs after they lay them and never see their young (A) abandon (B) appraise (C) adorn Scholarships allow some students from less (A) artificial (B) affluent Jewelers are sometimes asked to (A) attain (A) awkward (C) amiable jewelry for insurance purposes (B) abandon 10 Acrobats must be extremely families to attend college (C) appraise (B) affluent (C) agile 190 Section Guide to Reading 11 Southern Arizona has an (A) arid climate (B) astute (C) acrid 12 A person suffering from claustrophobia has an (A) ailment (B) aversion to confined spaces (C) acclaim 13 Perhaps the most evolutionary development in penguins is a gland that can remove salt from seawater (A) arid (B) astonishing (C) amiable 14 Readers in the eighteenth century found Thomas Paine’s pamphlet Common Sense extremely persuasive, in part because it contained many quotations (A) apt 15 (B) anxious Some lakes are natural, but others are streams (A) acrid (C) awkward , formed by damming rivers or (B) aggregate (C) artificial 16 I was told that the librarians here were not very helpful, but I found them quite (A) accommodating (B) averse (C) austere VOCABULARY EXERCISE baffle v confuse, puzzle, mystify balmy adj mild, warm ban v prohibit, forbid bar v prevent, obstruct, block barren adj sterile, unproductive, bleak, lifeless barter v trade, exchange beckon v summon, call, signal belligerent adj hostile, aggressive beneficial adj helpful, useful, advantageous benevolent adj benign, kind, compassionate, good bias n prejudice blanched adj whitened, bleached, pale bland adj mild, tasteless, dull blatant adj flagrant, obvious, overt blend v mix, mingle, combine; n mixture, combination bloom v blossom, flower, flourish blow up v (1) explode; (2) become angry; (3) magnify, expand blunder v make a mistake; n error, mistake Reading Tutorial: Vocabulary Building 191 blunt adj (1) unsharpened, dull; (2) rude, abrupt, curt blurry adj unfocused, unclear, indistinct bold adj brave, courageous bolster v support, sustain, boost, buttress bond v join, connect; n tie, link, connection boom v expand, prosper; n expansion, prosperity, growth brace v support, reinforce brilliant adj (1) bright, shiny, radiant, dazzling; (2) talented, gifted, intelligent brisk adj (1) lively, quick, vigorous; (2) cool, chilly, invigorating brittle adj fragile, breakable, weak bulky adj huge, large, clumsy bully v torment, bother, force others to things; n a person who torments others buttress v support, bolster, boost Directions: Complete the following sentences by filling in the blanks with vocabulary items (A), (B), or (C), according to the context of the sentences Many flowers (A) blend in the spring (B) brace (C) bloom The Virgin Islands, located in the Caribbean, have a (A) blurry (B) brittle (C) balmy Before currency came into use, people used the (A) barter The airline (A) buttressed (B) blunder Steel is not as (A) brisk (C) bias (B) baffled (C) blundered foods (B) bland (C) bulky as cast iron; it doesn't break as easily (B) brittle At one time, the city of Boston sidered immoral (A) banned (C) brilliant Walt Whitman’s poetry because it was con- (B) boomed Many people think of deserts as animals have adapted to life there (A) bland system It sent me to Atlanta but my luggage to Montreal People with ulcers should eat (A) bold climate (B) barren (C) braced regions, but many species of plants and (C) balmy An autocratic ruler who serves his people well is sometimes called a dictator (A) blatant (B) belligerent (C) benevolent 28, m = = Zz a 192 Section Guide to Reading 10 If you this little photo of the team, you will be able to see the players’ faces more clearly (A) bloom (B) boom 11 Robert Goddard was a (C) blow up pioneer in the field of rocketry (A) brilliant (B) balmy (C) brisk 12 I enjoy taking walks on autumn mornings (A) barren (B) brisk (C) blurry 13 The victim was apparently struck by a club or some other (A) bland 14 Some geese are (B) brittle object (C) blunt , attacking anyone who comes near them (A) beneficial (B) biased 15 The glass factories of Toledo, Ohio, (C) belligerent after Michael Owens invented a process that could turn out bottles by the thousands (A) barred (B) bolstered (C) boomed VOCABULARY EXERCISE calamity n disaster, catastrophe candid adj honest, truthful, realistic capable adj competent, able, efficient, skillful carve v cut, sculpt, slice casual adj (1) informal, relaxed; (2) accidental, chance categorize v classify, sort caustic adj biting, harsh, sarcastic cautious adj careful, alert, prudent celebrated adj distinguished, famous, prominent charming adj delightful, lovely, attractive cherish v appreciate, esteem, treasure choice n selection, option; adj exceptional, superior cite v quote, mention, refer to, list clash v argue, dispute, quarrel; n argument, conflict, dispute classify v categorize clever adj smart, sharp, witty, bright cling v stick, adhere, hold clog v block, obstruct clumsy adj awkward, inept clue n hint, suggestion, sign, piece of evidence cluster n group, bunch, collection Reading Tutorial: Vocabulary Building 193 coax U persuade, urge colossal adj huge, enormous, gigantic commence v begin, initiate, start commerce trade, business commodity n product, good, merchandise compel v force, require, coerce =e) competent adj adept, skillful, capable, able TG DireEcTIoNs: Complete the following sentences by filling in the blanks with vocabulary items (A), (B), or (C), according to the context of the sentences The Red Cross and the Red Crescent provide relief in case of floods, earthquakes, and hurricanes (A) clashes (B) commodities Spoken language is generally more (A) casual (C) calamities than written language (B) capable (C) cautious When writing research papers, writers must (A) coax Monkeys are such as (B) cite the sources they use (C) clog as primates (A) compelled (B) classified (C) cherished remarks can offend people (A) Charming (B) Caustic (C) Clever Sculptors use hammers and chisels to (A) cherish statues from stone (B) compel (C) carve The Space Age in October, 1957, when Sputnik, the first artificial satellite, was launched by the Soviet Union (A) commenced Workers must be very (A) caustic (B) coaxed (C) cited when dealing with toxic substances (B) clumsy (C) cautious Some fruit such as grapes grow in (A) clashes (B) choices (C) clusters 10 Microorganisms on the surface of separate particles of soil making the particles themselves cohere (A) cling (B) clash 11 With the growth of international become more interdependent (A) commodity (B) commerce together, (C) compel , the economies of the world have (C) choice > a a 194 Section Guide to Reading 12 The Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., features a teenth president created by Daniel Chester French (A) colossal (B) caustic statue of the six- (C) casual 13 Corn, cotton, sugar, and many other goods are bought and sold in markets (A) choice (B) commerce (C) commodity 14 Artists of the so-called “Ashcan School” of art portrayed their subjects in a fashion that concealed none of their flaws (A) candid (B) choice (C) charming 15 Water hyacinths grow so profusely that they may (A) clog (B) cling waterways (C) carve 16 The police detectives searched the scene of the crime looking for (A) clashes (B) clues (C) clusters VOCABULARY EXERCISE complement v supplement, complete; n supplement, addition compliment v praise, flatter, commend; n praise, flattery comprehensive adj complete, thorough, exhaustive compulsory adj necessary, obligatory, mandatory concede v admit, acknowledge, recognize concise adj brief, short, abbreviated concrete adj tangible, specific, real conflict n (1) disagreement, argument; (2) battle, war congregate v assemble, gather conspicuous adj noticeable, obvious, prominent constant adj continuous, steady contemplate v think about, ponder, speculate controversial adj disputable, debatable convenient adj accessible, available, handy conventional adj standard, ordinary, normal cope with v deal with, manage, handle copious adj abundant, ample, plentiful cordial adj congenial, warm, friendly cosmopolitan adj (1) sophisticated, worldly, urbane, well traveled; (2) international, worldwide, universal courteous adj polite, refined, gracious covert adj secret, hidden Reading Tutorial: Vocabulary Building 195 cozy adj (1) comfortable, warm; (2) friendly, intimate, close crave v desire, long for, hope for craving n desire, need, craze n fad, popular (but short-lived) fashion critical adj (1) unfavorable, fault-finding, disapproving; (2) important, crucial, vital, key; (3) serious, grave, dangerous; (4) analytical, judgmental > = crucial adj critical, decisive, key crude adj (1) rude, impolite, vulgar; (2) unprocessed, raw, unrefined cruel adj brutal, vicious, ruthless cryptic adj secret, mysterious curb restrict, limit, control curious adj (1) inquisitive, fascinated; (2) odd, strange, unusual curt adj abrupt, blunt, impolite DirEcTIONS: Complete the following sentences by filling in the blanks with vocabulary items (A), (B), or (C), according to the context of the sentences The use of seat belts is fines (A) constant in many states; failure to wear them may result in (B) cruel (C) compulsory Every summer, black bears from all over southern Alaska McNeil River to fish for salmon (A) crave An abstract is a (B) curb along the (C) congregate form of an academic article Many journals publish abstracts so readers can decide if it is worthwhile to read the full version of the article (A) concise (B) comprehensive (C) concrete Before 1754, Britain and the North American colonies had a but after that, their relationship became strained (A) conspicuous (B) cozy Automated teller machines provide a hours a day (A) cordial (B) crooked relationship, (C) curt means of banking twenty-four (C) convenient Lombard Street in San Francisco, which zigzags up Nob Hill, is known as the world’s most street (A) controversial (B) crooked (C) cryptic Alice had such a strong for her favorite kind of ice cream that she drove across town at rush hour to get some (A) craze (B) craving es) es crooked adj (1) curved, twisted, zigzag; (2) dishonest, corrupt (C) conflict =4 €3 ... was better to allow the eye to mix the colors as it viewed them on the canvas The traditional technique at the time was to make sketches or outlines of the subject before painting them Generally,... on the paintings themselves in their studios Circle the square [Mi] that indicates the best place to add the sentence Directions: Select phrases from the answer choices and match them to the. .. indicates the best place to add the sentence Reading Review Test 26 0f39 183 DirEcTIONS: Below is an introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage Complete the summary by writing the letters