www.englishtime.us UNIT 7: TRADE AND TREASURE 1 LISTENING 1. lottery /’lOtCrI/ noun [count] a game designed to raise money by selling lottery tickets that people buy, hoping that their numbers are chosen by chance in the drawing so that they win a money prize: xổ số lottery ticket noun [count] vé số She won a million dollars in the lottery. 2. winnings /’wInINz/ noun [plural] money that you win: tiền thắng cuộc, được bạc. 3. base on /beIs On/ phrasal verb [transitive usually passive] base something on something to use particular ideas or facts to make a decision, do a calculation, or develop a theory: dựa vào, căn cứ vào The prosecution’s case is based largely on evidence from ex-members of the gang. base noun [count] a set of ideas, facts, achievements, etc. from which something can develop: căn cứ, cơ sở, nền Income from magazine publishing provides the company with a strong financial base. 4. the one used for emphasizing the only person or thing of a particular type: THE ONLY: duy nhất The one way to succeed is to work hard and live a healthy life: 5. pretty /’prIti/ adverb MAINLY SPOKEN 1 fairly: hơi hơi My TV’s getting pretty old now. 2 very: rất The weather is pretty awful, isn’t it? 6. promise /’prOmIs/ verb [intransitive or transitive] to tell someone you will definitely do something: hứa The police chief promised tougher action against young criminals. promise to do something  Peter wished he’d never promised to help them. promise noun [count] a statement in which you say that something will definitely happen, or you will definitely do something: lời hứa promise to  Audrey remembered her promise to her father that she would work harder. keep a promise: giữ lời hứa 7. original /C’rIdZInCl/ (adj) [only before noun] existing at the beginning of a period or process, before any changes have been made: FIRST: ban đầu, gốc Do you know who the car’s original owner is? origin /’OrIdZIn/ noun [count] the place or moment where something begins to exist: nguồn gốc, xuất xứ The origins of the custom are unknown. 8. in the end MAINLY SPOKEN finally, after a period of time or thought: cuối cùng In the end, we decided not to buy it. —opposite IN THE BEGINNING 9. ending /’endIN/ noun [count] the last part of a story, film or movie, etc: phần kết, đoạn kết Children usually prefer books with a happy ending. —opposite OPENING 2 VOCABULARY 10. earn /E:n/ verb [intransitive or transitive] to receive money for work that you do: kiếm tiền She doesn’t earn much money, but she enjoys the work. The company earned profits of $22 million in the last year. 11. save /seIv/ verb [transitive] to avoid using something such as money, time, or energy, or use less of it: tiết kiệm, để dành You can save $100 by buying your tickets before Saturday. savings /’seIvINz/ [plural] money that you have saved in a bank or invested so that you can use it later: tiền tiết kiệm Prepared by Mr. Tuan Kiet & Ms. Giang Thanh 1/6 The money for the flight came out of my savings. 12. afford /C’fc:d/ verb [transitive] if you can afford something, you have enough money to be able to pay for it. This word always follows “can,” “could,” or “be able to”: có đủ tiền (để làm gì đó) We need a bigger house, but we just can’t afford the rent. affordable /C’fc:dCbl/ (adj) inexpensive enough for ordinary people to afford: rẻ, có thể trả được affordable housing/childcare 13. offer /’OfC(r)/ verb [intransitive or transitive] to let someone know that you are willing to do something for them: đề nghị offer to do something  I do think you should have offered to help. 14. lend /lend/ verb (past tense and past participle lent /lent/) [transitive] to give someone something for a short time, expecting that they will give it back to you later. If you lend someone something, they borrow it from you: cho mượn lend someone something  She lent me her very expensive coat. lend something to someone  Joe lent this car to us for the weekend. 15. borrow /’bOrCU/ verb [transitive] to receive and use something that belongs to someone else, and promise to give it back to them later: mượn Can I borrow your calculator? borrow something from someone/something  I borrowed a camera from Alex. 16. owe /CU/ verb [transitive] if you owe someone money, you have to give them a particular amount of money because you have bought something from them or borrowed money from them: mắc nợ owe someone something  Pam still owes me $5. owe something to someone  The companies owe as much as $200 billion to foreign lenders. 5 READING 17. lined /laInd/ (adj) lined skin has a lot of lines on it, which you get as you become older: WRINKLED: nhăn nheo a deeply lined face 18. bear /beC(r)/ (past tense bore /bc:(r)/; past participle borne /bc:(r)n/) verb [transitive] to have features or qualities that show that something happened in the past: mang, có He was badly wounded in the war and still bears the scars 19. testimony /’testImCnI/ noun [singular or uncount] evidence that something exists or is true: chứng cớ be (a) testimony to/of sth  The latest trade figures are testimony to the failure of this administration’s policies. 20. iron /’aIrn/ noun [count] a device for making clothes flat and smooth, especially after they have been washed, which has a handle and a flat base and is usually electrically heated: bàn ủi iron verb [intransitive or transitive] to make clothes flat and smooth using an iron: ủi đồ Would you iron this shirt for me? ironing noun [uncount] clothes which are waiting to be ironed or have just been ironed: đồ cần ủi a huge pile of ironing 21. include /In’klu:d/ verb [transitive] [never progressive] to contain someone or something as a part of something else: bao gồm The price includes dinner, bed, and breakfast. inclusion /In’klu:Zn/ noun [uncount] the action of including someone or something in a group, arrangement, document, etc.: sự gồm cả With the inclusion of Italy next season, the number of member countries will increase to six. 22. generation /,dxZenC'reISn/ noun [count] all the people of about the same age within a particular family (or within a society): thế hệ generation of  The novel is about several generations of an immigrant family. the generation gap: the difference in opinions or behavior between older and younger people which often causes problems between them: khoảng cách thế hệ. generational (adj) generational differences 2/6 www.englishtime.us 23. initial /I’nISl/ adj [only before noun] happening at the beginning of a process, or when you first see or hear about something: ban đầu At the initial stage of the project not everyone had access to a computer. initially /I’nISlI/ (adv) ORIGINALLY Initially she worked for us as an intern. 24. charge /tSa:dZ/ verb [intransitive or transitive] to ask an amount of money for something, especially a service or activity: đòi (một số tiền) như giá phải trả I’m not going there again, they charged (me) £ 1 for a cup of coffee charge noun [count or uncount] the amount of money that you have to pay for something, especially for an activity or service: giá tiền phải trả admission charge: tiền vào cửa 25. bundle /’bVndl/ noun [count] a number of things that have been tied together, especially so that you can carry them easily: bó, bọc a bundle of  a bundle of clean clothes bundle or bundle up [transitive] to put things into groups and wrap or tie them together: buộc, bó Their clothes were bundled into plastic bags. 26. inflation /In’fleISn/ noun [uncount] an economic process in which prices increase so that money becomes less valuable: nạn lạm phát Your pension is protected against inflation. inflate /In’fleIt / verb[transitive] to make a number or price higher than it should be: gây lạm phát 27. rise /raIz/ (past tense rose; past participle risen) verb [intransitive] to increase in size, amount, quality, or strength: tăng lên Salaries will continue to rise in line with inflation. rise in price/value  Gas rose in price as the war continued. rise noun [count] an increase in size, amount, quality, or strength: sự tăng rise in  The threat of a sudden rise in oil prices 28. recall /rI’kc:l/ verb [intransitive or transitive] to remember something: nhớ recall (that) I seem to recall that you said you would do that yesterday. recall noun [uncount] the ability to remember something: trí nhớ She has almost total recall of her conversations with the President. 29. commence /kC’ments/ verb [intransitive or transitive] to begin something: bắt đầu(cái gì) We will commence building work in August of next year. commencement /kC’mentsmCnt/ noun 1 [count or uncount] the beginning of something: sự bắt đầu 2 [count] a ceremony at which students formally receive their degrees: lễ phát bằng 30. accumulate /C’kju:mjUleIt/ verb 1 [transitive] to get more and more of something over a period of time: tích lũy Over the years, I had accumulated hundreds of books. 2 [intransitive] to increase in quantity over a period of time: tăng lên Medical evidence for the benefits of the procedure has been accumulating. accumulation /C,kju:mjU’leISn/ noun [count or uncount] the process by which something increases in amount or is collected together over time: sự tích lũy Slow accumulation of cholesterol in the arteries. 31. frugal /’fru:gl/ (adj) spending very little money and only on things that are really necessary: căn cơ, tiết kiệm frugality /fru:’gAlCtI/ noun [uncount] frugally adv 32. donate /dCU’neIt/ verb [intransitive or transitive] to give something such as money or goods to an organization, especially to a school, hospital, political party, or CHARITY: hiến tặng donate something to somebody/something  Would you be willing to donate some of your time to a good cause? donation /dCU’neISn/ noun [uncount] the act of giving money or goods to an organization: sự hiến tặng The bank has promised a donation of $24 million toward the disaster fund. Prepared by Mr. Tuan Kiet & Ms. Giang Thanh 3/6 33. article /’a:tIkl/ noun [count] a piece of writing about a particular subject that is published in a newspaper or magazine: bài báo article on/about something  We ran an article about her in our magazine. 34. honor /’OnC(r)/ verb [transitive] to show your respect or admiration for someone, especially by giving them a prize or title, or by praising them publicly: kính trọng, tôn vinh She will be honored for her work in promoting friendship between the two countries. honor noun [uncount] the respect that people have for someone who achieves something great, who is very powerful, or who behaves in a way that is morally right: thanh danh, danh dự Shame and honor were what motivated people. honorable /’OnCrCbl/ (adj) an honorable person is someone who deserves respect because they behave according to high moral standards: danh giá, đáng kính Your father was an honorable man. 35. demonstrate /’demCnstreIt/ verb [transitive] to show clearly that something is true or that it exists: chứng minh demonstrate that  The study demonstrates that cigarette advertising does encourage children to smoke. demonstration /,demCn’streISn / noun [count or uncount] 36. -spoken /-’spCUkCn/ (suffix) kết hợp với một số trạng từ để tạo thành tính từ miêu tả cách một người nào đó nói chuyện quiet-spoken  nói chuyện nhỏ nhẹ 37. appreciate /C’pri:SIeIt/ verb [transitive never progressive] to recognize the good or special qualities of a person, place, or thing: đánh giá cao, trân trọng She feels that her family doesn’t really appreciate her. appreciation /C,pri:SI’eISn/ noun [singular or uncount] An appreciation of the poet’s work. 38. inspire /In’spaIr/ verb [transitive] to give someone the enthusiasm to do or create something: thúc đẩy, truyền cảm hứng inspire someone to do something  We use interactive displays to inspire children to read and write for pleasure. inspiration /,InspI’reISn/ noun [count or uncou] a sudden feeling of enthusiasm or a new idea that helps you to do or create something: cảm hứng Dreams are a rich source of inspiration for some writers. 39. contribute /’kOntrIbju:t/ verb [intransitive or transitive] to give something, especially money, in order to provide or achieve something together with other people: đóng góp contribute something to/toward something  He promised to contribute $5,000 toward the cost of the lawsuit. contribution /,kOntrI’bju:Sn/ noun [count] something that you do that helps to achieve something or to make it successful: đóng góp make a contribution  Community police have made a very positive contribution to crime prevention. 40. double /’dVbl/ verb [intransitive] to become twice as big, twice as much, or twice as many: gấp đôi The number of people out of work has doubled in the last five years. double in size/amount/price etc. Their house has doubled in value since they bought it. double (adj) containing or consisting of twice as much of something as normal: gấp đôi double chocolate chip cookies 6 LANGUAGE IN ACTION: TRANSACTIONS 41. check /tSek/ [count] AMERICAN a piece of paper that you are given in a restaurant showing you how much money you owe. Another word for this is bill, which is the usual British word: hóa đơn thanh toán How much is the check? 42. treat /trIt/ noun [singular] an occasion when you pay for something for someone else: sự thết đãi This is my treat. treat verb [transitive] to behave toward someone in a particular way: đối đãi, cư xử You should treat others politely. 4/6 www.englishtime.us 43. cash /kAS/ verb [transitive] to exchange a check for its value in bills and coins: đổi ra tiền mặt Can I cash a check at the front desk? cash noun [uncount] money in the form of bills and coins: tiền mặt in cash  Do you want to pay in cash or by credit card? 44. identification /aI,dentIfI’keISn/ noun [uncount] something that proves who you are, especially a document with your name and a photograph = ID: giấy chứng minh Can you show me some identification? 7 LISTENING 45. trade /treId/ verb [intransitive] to buy or sell goods or services: buôn bán, kinh doanh trade with  We need to trade with Eastern Europe more. trade noun [uncount] the activities of buying and selling goods or services: buôn bán, thương mại trade with  Spain wants to develop its trade with the Philippines. 46. barter /’bo:tC(r)/ verb [intransitive or transitive] to exchange goods or services for other goods or services instead of using money: đổi hàng lấy hàng They got what they needed by bartering their livestock. barter /’bo:tC(r)/ noun [uncount] the system of paying for goods or services with other goods or services instead of using money: sự trao đổi hàng hóa a barter economy 47. a little (bit) less: ít hơn một chút I wish you’d do a bit less talking and a bit more work. 48. agree /C’gri:/ verb [not usually progressive] [intransitive or transitive] to have the same opinion as someone else: đồng ý agree with somebody about something  I agree with my mother about most things. agree to do something  The school agreed to send the students on the field trip. agree (that)  We all agree that we should celebrate this event. agree on/about  The committee members agreed on the need for more information. agree to a request/ suggestion/ proposal  We have agreed to their request for a full investigation. agreement /C’gri:mCnt/ noun [count or uncount] the situation when people have the same opinion or have made the same decision about something: sự đồng ý, đồng tình agreeable /C’gri:Cbl/ ~ (to sth) adj to be willing to do or accept something: sẵn sàng đồng ý, tán thành. 49. advance /Cd’vAns/ noun [count or uncount] progress or an instance of progress in science, technology, human knowledge, etc.:sự tiến bộ In spite of all its advances, medical science still knows little about the brain. in advance if you do something in advance, you do it in preparation for a particular time or event in the future: trước (về thời gian) Details of the meeting had been circulated well in advance. 50. in return (for something) as payment or in exchange for something, or as a way of thanking someone for something: đáp lại I bought him a drink in return for his help. 51. get something over with or get something over : to do something or allow something to happen, because you want it to be finished or you want to start something else: hoàn thành cái gì I wanted to get the interview over with as quickly as possible. 52. option /’OpSn/ noun [count] something that you can choose in a particular situation: lựa chọn option for  have three different options for financing the house. optional /’OpSCnl/ (adj) something that is optional is available or possible if you want it, but you do not have to have it or do it: tự chọn, không bắt buộc The price includes hotel and meals – entertainment is optional. 53. favor /’feIvC/ noun [count] something that you do for someone in order to help them: sự giúp đỡ do someone a favor: giúp đỡ ai  Could you do me a small favor? Prepared by Mr. Tuan Kiet & Ms. Giang Thanh 5/6 54. appointment /C’pcIntmCnt/ noun [count] an arrangement to see someone at a particular time, especially for a business meeting or to get a professional service: cuộc hẹn appointment to do something  I have an appointment to see my lawyer next Saturday. 55. it’s a deal SPOKEN used for saying that you agree to something 56. deal /dICl/ (past tense and past participle dealt) verb [intransitive or transitive] deal with something: to solve a problem, carry out a task, etc: đối phó, giải quyết 57. strategy /’strAtCdZI/ noun [count] a plan or method for achieving something, especially over a long period of time: chiến lược successful language-learning strategies 58. babysit /’beIbI sIt/ (past tense and past participle babysat) verb [intransitive or transitive] to take care of children in their home while their parents are not there, especially in the evening: giữ trẻ I’ll ask my mother to babysit. babysitting /’beIbI,sItIN/ noun [uncount] babysitter /’beIbI.,sItCr/ noun [count] someone you pay to come to your house and take care of your children while you are not there, especially in the evening: người giữ trẻ. 13 READING, SPEAKING, AND WRITING 59. flyer /’flaIC(r)/ noun [count] (another spelling of flier) an announcement or advertisement that is printed on paper and given to people: LEAFLET: tờ rơi quảng cáo Someone was handing out fliers advertising the sale. 60. solve /sOlv/ verb [transitive] 1 to find a solution to something that is causing difficulties: giải quyết solve a problem  We can help you solve your financial problems. 2 to find the reason or explanation for something: làm sang tỏ solve a mystery  He hopes to solve the mystery of the plane’s disappearance. solution /sC’lu:Sn / noun [count] a way to solve a problem or deal with a bad situation: giải pháp solution to/for  U.N. leaders are working hard to find a peaceful solution to the conflict. 61. fun /fVn/ noun [uncount] enjoyment, especially from an activity that is not important or serious: sự thích thú I hate to spoil your fun but it’s time to go home now. fun (adj) [only before noun] enjoyable: thú vị Scuba diving is a fun thing to do. funny /’fVni/ (adj) someone or something that is funny makes you laugh: buồn cười a funny story/joke 62. hunt /hVnt/ verb [intransitive or transitive] to search for something or someone; to try to find something or someone: lùng kiếm hunt for: We hunted for rabbits in the hills. hunt noun [count] a search for something or someone: sự tìm kiếm, lùng sục A nationwide hunt has been launched for the missing child. 63. annual /’AnjUCl/ (adj) happening once a year: xảy ra hàng năm an annual festival/vacation/report annually adv The exhibition is held annually. 64. raise /reIz/ verb [transitive] to collect money for a particular purpose: gây quỹ We managed to raise over $4,000 through donations and other events. 65. charity /’tSArItI/ noun 1 [count] an organization to which you give money so that it can give money and help to people who are poor or sick, or who need advice and support: hội từ thiện The March of Dimes is a registered charity. 6/6 www.englishtime.us 2 [uncount] kindness that you show toward other people by not judging them or criticizing them too severely: lòng từ thiện raise money for charity: quyên góp tiền cho công việc từ thiện 66. trophy /’trCUfI/ noun [count] a large silver cup or similar object given as a prize to the winner of a competition, especially a sports event: cúp win/capture/take a trophy  Mexico has not captured the trophy since 1975. 67. clue /klu:/ noun [count] an object or fact that someone discovers that helps them solve a crime or mystery: manh mối Detectives were brought in to help search for clues. 68. proceeds /’prCUsi:dz/ noun [plural] money that a person or organization makes from selling or winning something, or from organizing an event or activity: tiền thu được They gave a concert and donated the proceedsto charity: Họ tổ chức một buổi hòa nhạc và tặng tiền thu được cho hội từ thiện. 69. underneath /,VndC’ni:T/ (adv) used for describing the lower surface of something that faces down: dưới, bên dưới Underneath you will see soft silky fur, very different from the fur on the animal’s back. Prepared by Mr. Tuan Kiet & Ms. Giang Thanh 7/6 . www.englishtime.us UNIT 7: TRADE AND TREASURE 1 LISTENING 1. lottery /’lOtCrI/ noun [count] a game designed. which has a handle and a flat base and is usually electrically heated: bàn ủi iron verb [intransitive or transitive] to make clothes flat and smooth using