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Covers Both the 1Z0-051 and 1Z0-052 Exams! Includes Real-World Scenarios, Hands-On Exercises, and Leading-Edge Exam Prep Software Featuring: • Custom Test Engine • Hundreds of Sample Questions • Electronic Flashcards for PCs, Pocket PCs, and Palm Handhelds • Entire Book in PDF OCA Oracle Database 11g Administrator Certified Associate STUDY GUIDE ® Exams 1Z0-051 and 1Z0-052 SERIOUS SKILLS Biju Thomas OCA: Oracle Database 11g Administrator Certified Associate Study Guide 1Z0-051 Exam Objectives Objective Chapter Retrieving Data Using the SQL SELECT Statement List the capabilities of SQL SELECT statements Execute a basic SELECT statement Restricting and Sorting Data Limit the rows that are retrieved by a query Sort the rows that are retrieved by a query Use ampersand substitution to restrict and sort output at runtime 1 Using Single-Row Functions to Customize Output Describe various types of functions available in SQL Use character, number, and date functions in SELECT statements 2 Using Conversion Functions and Conditional Expressions Describe various types of conversion functions that are available in SQL Use the TO_CHAR, TO_NUMBER, and TO_DATE conversion functions Apply conditional expressions in a SELECT statement 2 Reporting Aggregated Data Using the Group Functions Identify the available group functions Describe the use of group functions Group data by using the GROUP BY clause Include or exclude grouped rows by using the HAVING clause 3 3 Displaying Data from Multiple Tables Write SELECT statements to access data from more than one table using equijoins and nonequijoins Join a table to itself by using a self-join View data that generally does not meet a join condition by using outer joins Generate a Cartesian product of all rows from two or more tables 4 4 Using Subqueries to Solve Queries Define subqueries Describe the types of problems that the subqueries can solve List the types of subqueries Write single-row and multiple-row subqueries Exam specifications and content are subject to change at any time without prior notice and at Oracle’s sole discretion Please visit Oracle’s website ( http:// education.oracle.com) for the most current information on their exam content 4 4 Objective Chapter Using the Set Operators Describe set operators Use a set operator to combine multiple queries into a single query Control the order of rows returned 4 Manipulating Data Describe each data manipulation language (DML) statement Insert rows into a table Update rows in a table Delete rows from a table Control transactions 5 5 Using DDL Statements to Create and Manage Tables Categorize the main database objects Review the table structure List the data types that are available for columns Create a simple table Explain how constraints are created at the time of table creation Describe how schema objects work 6 6 6 Creating Other Schema Objects Create simple and complex views Retrieve data from views Create, maintain, and use sequences Create and maintain indexes Create private and public synonyms 7 7 1Z0-052 Exam Objectives Objective Chapter Exploring the Oracle Database Architecture Explain the Memory Structures Describe the Process Structures Overview of Storage Structures 8 Preparing the Database Environment Identify the tools for Administering an Oracle Database Plan an Oracle Database installation Install the Oracle software by using Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) 8 Objective Chapter Creating an Oracle Database Create a database by using the Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA) Managing the Oracle Instance Setting database initialization parameters Describe the stages of database startup and shutdown Using alert log and trace files Using data dictionary and dynamic performance views 9 9 Configuring the Oracle Network Environment Configure and Manage the Oracle Network Using the Oracle Shared Server architecture 11 11 Managing Database Storage Structures Overview of tablespace and datafiles Create and manage tablespaces Space management in tablespaces 10 10 10 Administering User Security Create and manage database user accounts Grant and revoke privileges Create and manage roles Create and manage profiles 12 12 12 12 Managing Schema Objects Create and Modify tables Manage Constraints Create indexes Create and use temporary tables 10 10 10 10 Managing Data and Concurrency Manage data using DML Identify and administer PL/SQL objects Monitor and resolve locking conflicts 13 13 13 Managing Undo Data Overview of Undo Transactions and undo data Managing undo 13 13 13 Implementing Oracle Database Security Database Security and Principle of Least Privilege Work with Standard Database Auditing Exam specifications and content are subject to change at any time without prior notice and at Oracle’s sole discretion Please visit Oracle’s website ( http:// education.oracle.com) for the most current information on their exam content 12 12 Objective Chapter Database Maintenance Use and manage optimizer statistics Use and manage Automatic Workload Repository (AWR) Use advisory framework Manage Alerts and Thresholds 14 14 14 14 Performance Management Use Automatic Memory Management Use Memory Advisors Troubleshoot invalid and unusable objects 14 14 14 Intelligent Infrastructure Enhancements Use the Enterprise Manager Support Workbench Managing Patches 17 17 Backup and Recovery Concepts Identify the types of failure that can occur in an Oracle database Describe ways to tune instance recovery Identify the importance of checkpoints, redo log files, and archived log files Overview of flash recovery area Configure ARCHIVELOG mode 16 16 15 15 15 Performing Database Backups Create consistent database backups Back up your database without shutting it down Create incremental backups Automate database backups Manage backups, view backup reports and monitor the flash recovery area 15 15 15 15 15 Performing Database Recovery Overview of Data Recovery Advisor Use Data Recovery Advisor to Perform recovery (Control file, Redo log file, and Data file) 16 16 Moving Data Describe and use methods to move data (Directory objects, SQL*Loader, External Tables) Explain the general architecture of Oracle Data Pump Use Data Pump Export and Import to move data between Oracle databases 17 17 17 OCA Oracle Database 11g Administrator Certified Associate ® Study Guide OCA Oracle Database 11g Administrator Certified Associate ® Study Guide Biju Thomas Disclaimer: This eBook does not include ancillary media that was packaged with the printed version of the book Acquisitions Editor: Jeff Kellum Development Editor: Denise Santoro Lincoln Technical Editors: Arup Nanda and Bob Bryla Production Editor: Eric Charbonneau Copy Editor: Kim Wimpsett Production Manager: Tim Tate Vice President and Executive Group Publisher: Richard Swadley Vice President and Publisher: Neil Edde Media Project Manager 1: Laura Moss-Hollister Media Associate Producer: Josh Frank Media Quality Assurance: Kit Malone Book Designer: Judy Fung Compositor: Craig Johnson, Happenstance Type-O-Rama Proofreader: Candace English Indexer: Ted Laux Project Coordinator, Cover: Lynsey Stanford Cover Designer: Ryan Sneed Copyright © 2009 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published simultaneously in Canada ISBN: 978-0-470-39512-7 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600 Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: The publisher and the author make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation warranties of fitness for a particular purpose No warranty may be created or extended by sales or promotional materials The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for every situation This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or other professional services If professional assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom The fact that an organization or Web site is referred to in this work as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or Web site may provide or recommendations it may make Further, readers should be aware that Internet Web sites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read For general information on our other products and services or to obtain technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the U.S at (877) 762-2974, outside the U.S at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002 Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Thomas, Biju OCA : Oracle database 11g administrator certified associate study guide (1Z0-051 and 1Z0-052) / Biju Thomas — 1st ed p cm ISBN 978-0-470-39512-7 (paper/cd-rom) Electronic data processing personnel—Certification Database management—Examinations—Study guides Oracle (Computer file) I Title QA76.3.T5136 2009 005.75’75—dc22 2008052085 TRADEMARKS: Wiley, the Wiley logo, and the Sybex logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc and/or its affiliates, in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners Wiley Publishing, Inc., is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book 10 SESSION_TRACE_ENABLE procedure – show command in lsnrctl SESSION_TRACE_ENABLE procedure, 734, 811 sessions current, 45 –4 defined, 497 history information, 788 89, 788 89 –7 –7 privileges, 677 processes, 400 SQL category, 6 SESSIONS attribute for dispatchers, 645 SESSIONS parameter, 491 SESSIONS_PER_USER resource, 690 SESSIONTIMEZONE function, 100 SET AUTOTRACE statement, 373 SET AUTOTRACE TRACEONLY statement, 373 SET clause for sequences, 362 set commands in lsnrctl, 622 SET CONSTRAINTS statement, 327, 572 SET CONSTRAINTS ALL DEFERRED statement, 328 Set Credentials screen, 991 SET DOCUMENT OFF command, 15 SET_GLOBAL_PREFS procedure, 774 75 –7 SET NLS_DATE_FORMAT command, 91, 93 set operators, 216 17 –2 INTERSECT, 219 MINUS, 219 UNION, 217 18 –2 UNION ALL, 218 working with, 219 21 –2 SET ROLE statement, 682 84 –6 SET_SCHEMA_PREFS procedure, 776 SET SQLPROMPT command, 7 SET TIME_ZONE clause, 94 –9 SET TRANSACTION statement, 268, 747 SET UNUSED COLUMNS clause, 315 1069 SET VERIFY OFF command, 49 severity levels for alerts, 804 sfiles (binary parameter files), 489 SGA (system global area) allocation, 469 70, 469 70 –4 –4 components, 402 06, 402 –4 limiting, 690 managing, 822 24 –8 memory advisors, 801 Oracle Shared Server changes, 641 42, 643 –6 tuning, 819 20 –8 SGA_MAX_SIZE parameter, 403 SGA_TARGET parameter, 491, 821 23 –8 shadow processes client connections, 638 Data Pump, 938 SHARE lock mode, 737 share locks, 274, 737 SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE lock mode, 737 SHARED keyword for database links, 370 shared memory, 470, 470 shared PL/SQL area, 407 SHARED_POOL_SIZE parameter, 407 shared pools, 403, 406 07 –4 Shared Server Mode, 473 Shared Server process, 409 SHARED_SERVER_SESSIONS parameter, 648 49 –6 shared servers vs dedicated, 638 40, 639 –6 Oracle See Oracle Shared Server SHARED_SERVERS parameter, 491, 648 shared SQL area, 407 SHOW ALERT command, 808 09 –8 SHOW ALL command, 872 show command in lsnrctl, 622 1070 SHOW PARAMETER statement – SPOOL command SHOW PARAMETER statement, 497 98 –4 SHOW RECYCLEBIN statement, 903 SHOW SGA command, 404 SHUTDOWN statement, 506 SHUTDOWN ABORT statement, 361, 504 05, 896 97, 913 –5 –8 SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE statement, 504 06, 868 –5 SHUTDOWN NORMAL statement, 503 SHUTDOWN state for instances, 895 SHUTDOWN TRANSACTIONAL statement, 504, 868 shutting down instances, 503 06, 505 –5 SID_DESC parameter, 611 SID_LIST_ parameter, 611 SID_NAME parameter, 611 SIDs listeners, 611 Oracle, 455 sessions, 811 12 –8 SIGN function, 88 simple indexes, 373 simple inner joins, 199 SIN function, 88 single baselines, 789 single quotation marks (‘) for text literals, 21 –2 single-row functions, 64 –6 characters, 68 –8 conversion, 101 23 –1 date, 90 01 –1 exam essentials, 137 miscellaneous, 123 36 –1 nesting with group functions, 185 86 –1 NULL handling, 65 –6 numeric, 80 –9 review questions, 138 45 –1 summary, 136 single-row subqueries, 222 23 –2 single-tier architecture, 593, 593 SINH function, 88 size blocks, 423, 471 72, 471, 533 34 –4 –5 control files, 842 data files, 545 46 –5 undo tablespace, 752, 753 Sizing tab, 471 72, 471 –4 slashes (/) comments, 15 dates, 300 division, 20 statements, 8 smallest integer function, 84 smallfile tablespaces, 527 28 –5 SMON process, 408, 414 15 –4 “Snapshot too old” error, 752 snapshots AWR, 787 88 –7 materialized views, 343 Snnn process, 409 SOME operator, 32, 224 sorting NULLs, 41 –4 rows, 38 –4 SOUNDEX function, 76 space quotas, 666 spawn command, 622 specifications in packages, 727 Specify Inventory Directory and Credentials, 432, 433 SPFile tab, 493 94, 494 –4 spfiles autobackups in flash recovery area, 859 multiplexing control files, 845 settings, 493 94, 494 –4 SPOOL command, 15, 807 SQL (Structured Query Language) – startup process for instances SQL (Structured Query Language), 4 , 718 –5 alerts, 804 05 –8 buffers, 8, 10 –1 Data Pump files, 942 database startup states, 503 datatypes, 15 –1 DELETE statement, 723 24 –7 exam essentials, 52 flash recovery area, 860 INSERT statement, 719 21 –7 MERGE statement, 722 23 –7 operators and literals, 20 –2 PL/SQL See PL/SQL programs review questions, 53 –6 SELECT statement See SELECT statement SQL*Plus, 6 , 7 –9 statements categories, 5 –6 entering, 8 summary, 51 –5 UPDATE statement, 721 22 –7 SQL Access Advisor, 801 SQL Developer tool, 396 97, 397 –3 SQL Repair Advisor, 981 SQL Tuning Advisor, 801 sqlldr command, 968 SQL*Loader, 967 68 –9 command-line parameters, 968 69 –9 control file options, 970 72 –9 direct path loading, 972 73 –9 EM Database Control, 973 74, –9 973 74 –9 sqlnet.ora file, 625, 630 sqlplus command, 7 , 396 –8 SQL*Plus utility, 6 , 7 –8 AWR baselines, 789 90 –7 buffer, 10 commands, 8 –9 1071 initialization-parameter files, 495 98 –4 optimizer statistics, 769 70 –7 overview, 396, 396 shutting down Oracle, 506 starting Oracle, 502 03 –5 tablespace information, 541 43 –5 SQRT function, 88 Stage or Apply screen, 991 staging patches, 991, 992 STALE_PERCENT parameter, 775 staleness threshold for optimizer statistics, 777 standard block size, 533 34 –5 Standard Database Components screen, 466, 466 standard deviation functions, 160, 174 75 –1 STAR_TRANSFORMATION_ ENABLED parameter, 491 START command lsnrctl, 617 SQL buffer, 12 START_JOB command expdp, 948 impdp, 952 START_JOB parameter, 958 START_JOB procedure, 939 start listener command, 621 START WITH clause, 360 61 –3 STARTED state for instances, 895 starting listeners, 617 18, 621 –6 starting up databases, 498 03 –5 STARTUP command, 502, 895 STARTUP FORCE command, 499 00, 503 –5 startup modes, 498 99 –4 STARTUP MOUNT command, 499, 502 STARTUP NOMOUNT command, 499 STARTUP OPEN command, 499, 502 startup process for instances, 895 96 –8 1072 STARTUP RESTRICT command – STREAMS_POOL_SIZE parameter STARTUP RESTRICT command, 500, 502 Startup/Shutdown: Advanced Shutdown Options screen, 505, 505 Startup/Shutdown: Confirmation screen, 501, 505 06 –5 Startup/Shutdown: Specify Host and Target Credentials screen, 505 Startup/Shutdown: Specify Host and Target Database Credentials screen, 501, 501 startup states for databases, 503 STARTUP_WAIT_TIME parameter, 612 13 –6 STARTUP_WAIT_TIME_LISTENER parameter, 613 startup_waittime command, 622 statements auditing, 696 01 –7 DCL, 718 DDL See DDL (Data Definition Language) statements DML See DML (Data Manipulation Language) statements entering, 8 failures, 891 92 –8 interactive, 47 –5 static service registration, 609, 611 statistics optimizer, 767 68 –7 collecting, 768 72, 770 73 –7 –7 extended, 779 82 –7 pending, 778 79 –7 preferences, 773 76, 774, 776 –7 performance, 784 ADDM, 792 00, 794 97 –8 –7 ASH, 788 89, 788 89 –7 –7 AWR, 784 88, 785 86 –7 –7 AWR baselines, 789 92, 791 92 –7 –7 STATISTICS_LEVEL parameter, 784, 821 STATUS command expdp, 948 impdp, 952 lsnrctl, 619 20 –6 status listener command, 621 status of listeners, 619 21 –6 STATUS parameter, 958 STDDEV function, 160 STDDEV_POP function, 174 75 –1 STDDEV_SAMP function, 175 stop command in lsnrctl, 622 23 –6 STOP_JOB command expdp, 948 impdp, 952 STOP_JOB parameter, 958 stop listener command, 621 stopping listeners, 621 23 –6 storage configuring, 459 60, 460 –4 databases, 475 77, 476 77 –4 –4 indexes, 573 74 –5 structures, 415 control files, 416 17, 417 –4 data files, 417 18, 419 –4 LOB, 562 64 –5 logical, 422 23, 423 –4 redo log files, 419 22, 420 21 –4 –4 tablespace defaults, 538 STORAGE clause, 561, 563, 573 74 –5 Storage Options screen, 459, 460 stored functions, 395, 672 stored packages, 672 stored procedures, 395, 672 strategies, backup, 862 streams pool, 403, 408 STREAMS_POOL_SIZE parameter, 408 strings – system privileges strings concatenating, 20 1, 70 –2 –7 conversion functions, 106 09, 120 –1 filling, 73 –7 length, 72 –7 lowercase functions, 73 replacing, 74 –7 replacing characters in, 78 –7 searching in, 71 –7 Soundex representation, 76 trimming, 74, 76, 79 uppercase functions, 71, 79 –8 Structured Query Language See SQL (Structured Query Language) subqueries, 221 correlated, 227 28 –2 in DML statements, 236 37 –2 exam essentials, 238 39 –2 inserting rows from, 255 56 –2 multiple-column, 235 36 –2 multiple-row, 223 25 –2 NULL values, 226 27 –2 review questions, 240 50 –2 scalar, 228 31 –2 single-row, 222 23 –2 summary, 238 tables from, 564 65 –5 updating rows in, 260 61 –2 substitute variables, 45, 47 –4 SUBSTR function, 76 –7 SUBSTRB function, 78 subtraction dates, 299 00 –3 expressions, 20 SUM function, 159 Summary screen installation, 436, 437 patches, 991, 992, 994, 994 superaggregates, 177 84 –1 1073 Support Workbench See Enterprise Manager Support Workbench swap space requirements, 425 switch operations for log files, 847 49 –8 SYNONYM statement auditing option, 698 synonyms, 366 67 –3 creating, 367 defined, 289 description, 395 dropping, 367 private, 368 69 –3 privileges, 677 public, 367 68 –3 SYS account, 458, 669 SYS_CONTEXT function, 130 34 –1 SYS_EXTRACT_UTC function, 100 SYS_GUID function, 134 SYSASM privilege, 680 SYSAUX tablespace, 417, 525 26 –5 SYSDATE function, 28, 93 SYSDBA authorization, 498 SYSDBA privilege, 680, 687 SYSMAN account, 458, 669 SYSOPER authorization, 498 SYSOPER privilege, 680 SYSTEM account, 458, 669 SYSTEM AUDIT statement, 698 system change numbers (SCNs) checkpoints, 846 conversions, 108 09 –1 transaction control, 273 System Control statement category, 6 system-critical data file recovery, 926 27 –9 system global area See SGA (system global area) SYSTEM GRANT statement, 698 System Monitor process, 408, 414 15 –4 SYSTEM_PRIVILEGE_MAP view, 674 system privileges, 670, 674 81, 681 –6 1074 system requirements – TANH function system requirements, 424 25 –4 SYSTEM tablespace, 417, 525 26 –5 SYSTIMESTAMP function, 93 –9 T TABLE_EXPORT_OBJECTS view, 957 Table mode in Data Pump, 943 Table recovery screen, 905, 906 TABLE statement auditing option, 699 tables aliases, 200 01 –2 columns See columns comments, 308 creating, 303, 328 31, 559 62 –3 –5 defined, 288 description, 394 dropping, 316 exam essentials, 332 example, 576 81 –5 LOB structures, 562 64 –5 names, 303 05, 558 –3 from other tables, 308 10 –3 overview, 557 59 –5 privileges, 670 71, 677 78 –6 –6 read-only, 317 18 –3 renaming, 316 17 –3 reorganizing, 566 review questions, 333 39 –3 rows See rows from subqueries, 564 65 –5 summary, 331 temporary, 288, 565 truncating, 264 65, 566 67 –2 –5 TABLESPACE clause auditing option, 699 indexes, 817 LOB segments, 563 table location, 561 user accounts, 664 65 –6 Tablespace Live database role, 949 Tablespace mode, 943 tablespace point-in-time recovery (TSPITR), 893 tablespaces, 526 backup mode, 540 41 –5 creating, 527 28 –5 DDL for, 543 default, 526 27 –5 exam essentials, 583 extent management, 528 30 –5 information about, 541 46, 544 45 –5 –5 modifying, 538 41 –5 moving, 548 49 –5 nonstandard block sizes, 534 offline and online, 539 options, 531 34 –5 Oracle Managed Files, 528, 552 53 –5 overview, 422, 423, 524 26, 525 –5 privileges, 678 read-only, 539 40 –5 removing, 537 required, 417 18 –4 review questions, 584 89 –5 segments, 530 31 –5 summary, 582 template definitions, 455 temporary, 534 35, 665 –5 undo, 536 37, 743, 746 –5 configuring, 748 50 –7 guaranteed undo retention, 753 54 –7 monitoring, 750 52, 751 –7 sizing, 752, 753 user accounts, 664 65 –6 Tablespaces screen, 543, 544 TAN function, 89 TANH function, 89 temp space requirements – Trailing Incidents Count setting temp space requirements, 425 TEMP tablespace, 417 TEMPFILE keyword, 535 Template Details screen, 454, 454 templates baseline, 790 database, 453 55, 453 54 –4 –4 definitions, 455, 483 84, 483 –4 TEMPORARY option, 539 TEMPORARY TABLE keywords, 305 temporary tables, 288 creating, 305, 565 description, 558 TEMPORARY TABLESPACE clause, 665 temporary tablespaces, 534 35, 665 –5 temporary views, 357 text backups for control files, 864 67 –8 text literals, 21 –2 thin drivers, 596 threshold alerts, 802 throughput, 827 time datatypes, 19, 295 01 –3 time stamps conversion functions, 108 09, 121 –1 datatypes, 19, 23, 296 98 –2 LOCALTIMESTAMP function, 94 retrieving, 95 –9 SYSTIMESTAMP function, 93 –9 Time Window for Package Content setting, 985 TIME_ZONE command, 94 –9 time zones constants, 98 –9 offsets, 101, 296 retrieving, 97, 100 setting, 94 –9 TIMESTAMP datatype, 19, 23, 296 TIMESTAMP_TO_SCN function, 109 1075 TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE datatype, 296 98 –2 TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE datatype, 296 TNS_ADMIN variable, 629, 636 %TNS_ADMIN% variable, 429 $TNS_ADMIN variable, 429 tnsnames.ora file, 607 08, 629 30, –6 –6 632 33, 632 –6 tnsping utility, 635 TO_BINARY_DOUBLE function, 109 TO_BINARY_FLOAT function, 110 TO_CHAR function, 101, 111 17, 119 –1 TO_CLOB function, 117 TO_DATE function, 23, 117 19 –1 TO_DSINTERVAL function, 120 TO keyword, 549 TO_LOB function, 120 TO_MULTI_BYTE function, 120 TO_NUMBER function, 101, 120 21 –1 TO_SINGLE_BYTE function, 121 TO_TIMESPACE function, 23 TO_TIMESTAMP function, 121 TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ function, 121 TO_YMINTERVAL function, 122 Top Activity screen, 828, 828 Top Consumers screen, 828, 829 top-n analysis, 359 60 –3 Top Sessions screen, 812, 813 total space, finding, 231 35 –2 Trace command in lsnrctl, 621 TRACE_FILE parameter, 612 trace files locations, 806 for performance, 811 12, 812 13 –8 –8 TRACE_LEVEL parameter, 612 tracing Oracle Net servers, 624 26 –6 tracking incidents, 985 86, 986 –9 Trailing Incidents Count setting, 985 1076 TRAILING trimming value – undo management TRAILING trimming value, 79 TRANSACTION_BACKOUT procedure, 909 Transaction Details screen, 913, 913 transactions and transaction control, 267 69 –2 consistency, 272 73 –2 data visibility, 271 72 –2 description, 6 exam essentials, 274 75 –2 locks, 273 74, 735 36 –2 –7 conflicts, 739 42, 740 41 –7 –7 data concurrency, 736 37 –7 modes, 737 39 –7 review questions, 276 86 –2 rollbacks and savepoints, 269 71, –2 270, 746 summary, 274 transformations, import, 953 54 –9 TRANSLATE function, 78 –7 Transport tablespace mode, 943 TRANSPORT_TABLESPACES parameter, 55 trc_directory command, 622 trc_file command, 622 trc_level command, 622 TRIGGER statement auditing option, 699 triggers, 290 databases, 732 33 –7 DDL, 730 31 –7 description, 395 DML, 729 30 –7 enabling and disabling, 733 PL/SQL, 728 33 –7 privileges, 678 trigonometric functions, 82 4, 88 –8 –8 TRIM function, 79 trimming strings, 74, 76, 79 troubleshooting client-side connection problems, 635 37 –6 redo log files, 850 TRUE value, 33 TRUNC function dates, 101 numbers, 89 TRUNCATE event triggers, 731 TRUNCATE statement, 316, 566 67, 971 –5 truncating tables, 264 65, 566 67, 971 –2 –5 truth tables, 34 –3 TSPITR (tablespace point-in-time recovery), 893 two-task common layers, 596 $TWO_TASK variable, 430 two-tier architecture, 593 94, 594 –5 type II drivers, 596 TZ_OFFSET function, 101 U UET$ table, 529 UID function, 134 UNARCHIVED keyword, 854 unary operators, 20 UNDEFINE command, 50 underscores (_) identifier names, 304 pattern matching, 37 Undo Advisor, 752, 753, 802 undo management, 743 administration, 747 data, 745 exam essentials, 756 read consistency, 746 47 –7 review questions, 757 63 –7 segments, 272, 743 45 –7 summary, 755 UNDO_MANAGEMENT parameter – user global area (UGA) transaction rollback, 746 undo tablespaces, 536 37, 743, 746 –5 configuring, 748 50 –7 guaranteed undo retention, 753 54 –7 monitoring, 750 52, 751 –7 sizing, 752, 753 UNDO_MANAGEMENT parameter, 491, 747 48 –7 UNDO_RETENTION parameter, 537, 749 50, 752, 899 –7 UNDO_TABLESPACE parameter, 491, 747 49 –7 undocumented configuration parameters, 492 unexpired undo, 750 UNIFORM option, 529, 535 UNION operator, 214, 217 18 –2 UNION ALL operator, 218 unique constraints, 321 22, 569 70 –3 –5 unique indexes, 372, 573 UNIQUE keyword aggregate functions, 149 indexes, 372, 573 SELECT, 26 –2 UNISTR function, 122 23 –1 Unix systems, installation on, 425 UNKNOWN value, 33 UNLIMITED keyword passwords, 692 quotas, 666 unusable objects, 815 18, 817 19 –8 –8 updatable join views, 354 UPDATE event triggers, 730 UPDATE privilege, 671 UPDATE statement and updating rows, 259 60, 721 22 –2 –7 sequences, 362 subqueries, 236 37, 260 61 –2 –2 through views, 351 53 –3 WHERE clauses, 262 63 –2 1077 UPDATE TABLE statement auditing option, 699 UPPER function, 79 –8 uppercase functions, 71, 79 –8 UROWID datatype, 302 Use Automatic Memory Management option, 470 Use Common Location for all Database Files option, 461 Use Database File Locations from Template option, 461 USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST parameter, 857 Use Oracle-Managed Files option, 462 user accounts authentication, 663 64 –6 creating, 426, 662 63 –6 default, 669 preconfigured, 458 privileges, 679 profiles and settings, 666 68, –6 667 68 –6 quotas, 666 removing from databases, 668 resource usage control, 688 95 –6 tablespaces, 664 65 –6 USER_AUDIT_TRAIL view, 700 USER_DB_LINK view, 370 user errors, recovering from, 892 93, 899 –8 EM Database Control, 905 08, –9 906 08 –9 flashback drop, 902 04 –9 flashback queries, 899 01 –9 flashback table, 904 05 –9 flashback transactions, 909 10, –9 909 10 –9 LogMiner, 911 13, 912 13 –9 –9 USER function, 28, 135 user global area (UGA), 642 1078 user-managed backups – views user-managed backups, 540 user processes failures, 892 overview, 400 01, 401 –4 USER statement auditing option, 699 USER_TABLES view, 485 86, 486 –4 user trace file locations, 806 USER_UPDATABLE_COLUMNS view, 356 USERENV function, 135 USERENV namespace, 130 33 –1 USING clause joins, 204 05 –2 MERGE, 265 UTC (Coordinated Universal Time), 100, 296 UTL_FILE package, 686, 734 UTL_HTTP package, 686 UTL_MAIL package, 734 UTL_SMTP package, 686 UTL_TCP package, 686 V V code in number conversions, 116 V$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY view, 788 VALID synonyms, 368 VALIDATE keyword, 326 validated constraints, 326 27 –3 values input at runtime, 47 –5 VAR_POP function, 175 76 –1 VAR_SAMP function, 176 VARCHAR datatype, 293 VARCHAR2 datatype, 17, 293 variables positional notation, 50 –5 saving, 49 –5 substitute, 45, 47 –4 VARIANCE function, 161 V$BGPROCESS view, 411 V$CONTROLFILE view, 416, 868 V$DATABASE view, 487 V$DATAFILE view, 547, 555, 814, 868, 896 V$DIAG_INFO view, 510 Version command in lsnrctl, 621 vertical bars (||) for concatenation, 21 V$EVENT_NAME view, 814 V$FILESTAT view, 814 V$FIXED_TABLE view, 488 View Alert Log Contents screen, 810, 810 View and Manage Failures screen, 919, 920 View Backup Report screen, 878 79, 879 –8 VIEW statement auditing option, 699 views for access control, 354 ADDM analysis, 798 00 –8 constraints on, 347 creating, 342 44 –3 data dictionary, 485 86, 486, –4 488, 815 defined, 288 defined column names, 344 45 –3 definitions, 348 description, 394 DML operations, 356 dropping, 349 50 –3 dynamic performance, 404, 487 88, –4 784, 813 14 –8 with errors, 345 46 –3 exam essentials, 379 inline, 221, 357 60 –3 inserting, updating, and deleting through, 351 53 –3 join, 354 56 –3 materialized, 290, 343 V$IR_FAILURE view – WHENEVER SUCCESSFUL clause modifying, 347 49 –3 privileges, 671, 679 purposes, 350 in queries, 350 51 –3 read-only, 346 47 –3 recompiling, 348 49 –3 review questions, 380 87 –3 summary, 378 top-n analysis, 359 60 –3 V$IR_FAILURE view, 925 V$IR_FAILURE_SET view, 925 V$IR_MANUAL_CHECKLIST view, 925 V$IR_REPAIR view, 925 virtual circuits, 642 virtual columns, 288 visibility in transaction control, 271 72 –2 V$LOCK view, 814 V$LOG view, 420 V$LOGFILE view, 419, 917 18 –9 V$LOGMNR_CONTENTS view, 911 V$MEMORY_DYNAMIC_ COMPONENTS view, 824 V$MEMORY_TARGET_ADVICE view, 823 V$METRIC view, 805 V$METRIC_HISTORY view, 805 volume names, 426 27 –4 V$OPTION view, 487 V$PARAMETER view, 495 98, –4 814, 914 V$PGASTAT view, 813 V$RECOVER_FILE view, 896 V$ROLLNAME view, 744 V$SESSION view, 45, 811, 814, 958 59 –9 V$SESSION_EVENT view, 814 V$SESSION_LONGOPS view, 959 V$SESSION_WAIT view, 814 1079 V$SESSTAT view, 814 V$SGA view, 404 V$SGA_TARGET_ADVICE view, 821 V$SGAINFO view, 404, 813, 821 VSIZE function, 135 36 –1 V$SPPARAMETER view, 495 98, –4 814, 914 V$SQL view, 487 V$STATNAME view, 814 V$SYSSTAT view, 184 85, 814 –1 V$SYSTEM_EVENT view, 814 V$TABLESPACE view, 542 V$TEMPFILE view, 555, 814 V$TEMPSEG_USAGE view, 814 V$TIMEZONE_NAMES view, 96, 101 V$TRANSACTION view, 744 V$UNDOSTAT view, 752 V$VERSION view, 487 V$WAITSTAT view, 814 W WAIT mode, 738 wall clock time, 689 Warning alert level, 804 web applications, 597 Welcome screen in DBCA, 451, 451 WHEN clause, 44, 257, 720 WHEN MATCHED clause, 722 WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE clause, 265 WHEN NOT MATCHED clause, 722 WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT clause, 265 WHENEVER NOT SUCCESSFUL clause, 697, 699 00 –7 WHENEVER SUCCESSFUL clause, 697 1080 WHERE clause – zeros in number conversions WHERE clause aggregate functions, 176 DELETE, 263, 724 MERGE, 265 processes, 411 scalar subqueries in, 230 SELECT, 28 9, 42 –2 UPDATE, 259 60, 262 63 –2 –2 views, 351 52 –3 whole backups, 862 63 –8 WIDTH_BUCKET function, 89 –9 windows for aggregate functions, 163 WITH clauses in subqueries, 237 WITH ADMIN OPTION clause, 680 81 –6 WITH CHECK OPTION clause, 352, 355 WITH GRANT OPTION clause, 672 74, 681 82 –6 –6 WITH READ ONLY option, 346 words, converting numbers to, 119 20 –1 WORKAREA_SIZE_POLICY parameter, 822 worker processes, 939 wrapped packages, 725 X X code in number conversions, 116 XMLDB account, 669 Z zeros in number conversions, 115 Wiley Publishing, Inc End-User License Agreement READ THIS You should carefully read these terms and conditions before opening the software packet(s) included with this book “Book” This is a license 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