Inversion construction (cấu trúc đảo ngữ) Cấu trúc thông thường của 1 câu là :chủ từ đứng trước động từ ,nhưng có trường hợp ngược lại: động từ lại đứng trước chủ từ .Trong trường hợp này người ta gọi là đảo ngữ Đảo ngữ được sử dụng trong nhiều trường hợp, thông dụng nhất là trong cấu trúc câu hỏi Ví dụ: He is nice => Is he nice ? Nhưng câu hỏi mà đảo ngữ là chuyện bình thường rồi, ai mà không biết phải không các em ? Hôm nay tôi sẽ trình bày những câu mà không phải là câu hỏi nhưng lại có đảo ngữ mới lạ chứ ! Về hình thức đảo ngữ có thể chia làm 2 loại: 1) đảo ngữ như câu hỏi Là hình thức đem động từ đặc biệt (hoặc trợ động từ )ra trước chủ từ. khi nào dùng đảo ngữ như câu hỏi ? + khi gặp các yếu tố phủ định ở đầu câu ( not , no, hardly, little, never, seldom , few, only, rarely .) Ví dụ:: I never go to school late Chữ never bình thường nằm trong câu thì không có chuyện gì xảy ra, nhưng khi đem nó ra đầu câu thì sẽ có đảo ngữ. Never do I go to school late + khi có các chữ sau ở đầu câu so, such, often, much, many, many a, tính từ Ví dụ:: He read many books yesterday. Many books did he read yesterday ( đảo many ra đầu ) The trees are beautiful in their colors. Beautiful are the trees in their autumn colors (đảo tính từ ra đầu) The days when we lived in poverty are gone .( gone là tính từ) Gone are the days when we lived in poverty. ( đảo gone ra đầu) The doctor was so angry that he went away. => So angry was the doctor that .( so + adj + be + S + that + clause) So nice a girl was that ( so + adj + a N +be + that + clause ) Such a noise was there that I couldn’t work Many a time has he helped me with my experiment 2) Đảo ngữ nguyên động từ Là hình thức đem nguyên động từ ra trước chủ từ (không cần mượn trợ động từ ) - Khi nào dùng đảo ngữ loại này ? Khi có cụm trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn ở đầu câu : on the , in the , here, there . Ví dụ:: His house stands at the foot of the hill -> At the foot of the hill stands his house .(đem nguyên động từ stands ra trước chủ từ ) The bus came there -> There came the bus(đem nguyện động từ came ra ,không mượn trợ động từ did) lưu ý :trong cách này chủ ngữ phải là danh từ thì mới đảo ngữ được, đại từ không đảo ngữ Ví dụ: Here came the bus Nhưng chủ từ là đại từ thì không được Here it came (không đảo came ra trước ) 3) Đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện Loại này chỉ áp dụng riêng cho câu điều kiện mà thôi Các chữ : HAD trong câu ĐK loại 3, chữ WERE, trong loại 2, chữ SHOULD trong loại 1 có thể đem ra trước chủ từ thế cho IF Ví dụ: If I were you, I would = Were I you , I would If I had gone to school = Had I gone to school . if I should go = Should I go . Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with NOT. 1. He is my friend as well as yours. …………………………………………………………………………………… 2. He booked tickets for the afternoon performance and the evening performance as well. …………………………………………………………………………………… 3. Burglars stole a thousand pounds’ worth of electrical goods, and left the flat in an awful mess. …………………………………………………………………………………… 4. Tony was not only late, but he had left all his books behind. …………………………………………………………………………………… 5. You will enhance your posture and improve your acting ability on this course. …………………………………………………………………………………… 6. It isn’t worth considering his suggestion for a moment. …………………………………………………………………………………… 7. She didn’t shed a tear when the story ended in tragedy. …………………………………………………………………………………… 8. The manager not once offered us an apology. …………………………………………………………………………………… 9. She made no sound as she crept upstairs. …………………………………………………………………………………… 10.He only thought about having a holiday abroad after he retired. ………………………………………………………………………………… Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with ONLY. 1. I only realized how dangerous the situation had been when I got home. …………………………………………………………………………………… 2. It wasn’t until last week that the Agriculture Minister admitted defeat. …………………………………………………………………………………… 3. I understood Hamlet only after seeing it on the stage. …………………………………………………………………………………… 4. They didn’t get round to business until they had finished eating. …………………………………………………………………………………… 5. They had to wait for twelve hours before their flight left. …………………………………………………………………………………… 6. I didn’t realize who he was until later. …………………………………………………………………………………… 7. The door could not be opened without using force. …………………………………………………………………………………… 8. I won’t agree until Tom’s apologized. …………………………………………………………………………………… 9. To get the 40% discount, you must buy all twelve books at the same time. …………………………………………………………………………………… 10.The only way you can become a good athlete is by training hard every day. …………………………………………………………………………………… Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with SHOULD. 1. If the Government were forced into another election, it would be the favourite to win. …………………………………………………………………………………… 2. If you should wish to make an appointment to see Dr Simons, she is available between 9.00 and 11.00. …………………………………………………………………………………… 3. If you should have further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice. …………………………………………………………………………………… 4. If you should decide to accept the post, you will be expected to start work on 1st April. …………………………………………………………………………………… 5. If we hear any further news, we will be in touch immediately. ………………………………………………………………………………… 6. If you wish to take advantage of the offer, kindly tick the box on your order form. …………………………………………………………………………………… 7. If the film should be a post office success, they may be sequel. …………………………………………………………………………………… 8. If you should change your mind, there will always be a job for you here. …………………………………………………………………………………… Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed above it. 1. He spent all his money. He even borrowed some from me. "Not only______________________________________________ _________ 2. He had hardly left the office when the telephone rang. " No sooner __________________________________________________ ___ 3. I had only just put the phone down when the boss rang back. " Hardly __________________________________________________ _____ 4. He didn’t finish his work until the bell rang. " Not until __________________________________________________ ____ 5. We only began to see the symptoms of the disease after several months. " Only __________________________________________________ _______ 6. I have never seen anyone in my life drink as much as you. " Never __________________________________________________ ______ 7. A sleeping dog was lying under the table. " Under the table _________________________________________________ 8. His brother had rarely been more excited. "Rarely____________________________________________ _____________ 9. The facts were not all made public until later. "Only______________________________________________ ____________ 10. If I had realized what would happen, I wouldn’t have accepted the job. "Had_______________________________________________ ____________ LOI GIAI CHUA CHAC DA DUNG Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with NOT. 1. He is my friend as well as yours. Not only is he my friend but also yours. 2. He booked tickets for the afternoon performance and the evening performance as well. Not only did he book tickets for the afternoon performance but also the evening performance. 3. Burglars stole a thousand pounds’ worth of electrical goods, and left the flat in an awful mess. Not only did the burglars steal a thousand pounds'worth of electrical goods but also left the flat in an awful mess. 4. Tony was not only late, but he had left all his books behind. Not only was Tony late but also he had left all his books behind. 5. You will enhance your posture and improve your acting ability on this course. Not only will you enhance your posture but also improve your acting ability on this course. 6. It isn’t worth considering his suggestion for a moment. Not worth is it considering his suggestion for a moment. 7. She didn’t shed a tear when the story ended in tragedy. Didn't she shed a tear when the story ended in tragedy. 8. The manager not once offered us an apology. Not once did the manager offer us an apology. 9. She made no sound as she crept upstairs. No sound did she make as she crept upstairs. 10.He only thought about having a holiday abroad after he retired. Only did he think about having a holiday abroad after he retired. Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with ONLY. 1. I only realized how dangerous the situation had been when I got home. Only when I got home did I realize how dangerous the situation had been. 2. It wasn’t until last week that the Agriculture Minister admitted defeat. Only until last week did the Agriculture Minister admit defeat 3. I understood Hamlet only after seeing it on the stage. Only after seeing Hamlet on the stage did I understand it. 4. They didn’t get round to business until they had finished eating. Only until the had finished eating did they get around to business. 5. They had to wait for twelve hours before their flight left. Only after they had waited for 12 hours did their flight leave. 6. I didn’t realize who he was until later. Only later did I realize who he was. 7. The door could not be opened without using force. Only using force could the door be opened. 8. I won’t agree until Tom’s apologized. Only until Tom's apologized will I agree. 9. To get the 40% discount, you must buy all twelve books at the same time. Only when you buy all 12 books at the same time will you get the 40% discount. 10.The only way you can become a good athlete is by training hard every day. Only by training hard everyday can you become a good athlete. Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with SHOULD. 1. If the Government were forced into another election, it would be the favourite to win. Were the Government forced into another election, it'd be the favorite to win. 2. If you should wish to make an appointment to see Dr Simons, she is available between 9.00 and 11.00. Should you wish to make an appointmen to see DR Simons, she is available between 9 and 11 3. If you should have further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice. Should you have further problems with your printer, contact your dealet for advice. 4. If you should decide to accept the post, you will be expected to start work on 1st April. Should you decide to accept the post, you'll be expected to start work on 1st April. 5. If we hear any further news, we will be in touch immediately. Should we hear any further news, we'll be in touch immediately. 6. If you wish to take advantage of the offer, kindly tick the box on your order form. Should you wish to take advantage of the offer, kindly tick the box on your order form. 7. If the film should be a post office success, they may be sequel. Should the film be a post office success, they may be sequel. 8. If you should change your mind, there will always be a job for you here. Should you change your mind, there'll always be a job for you there. Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed above it. 1. He spent all his money. He even borrowed some from me. Not only_did he spend all his money but also he borrowed some from me____ 2. He had hardly left the office when the telephone rang.  No sooner _had he left the office, the telephone rang_________________________________________________ ___ 3. I had only just put the phone down when the boss rang back.  Hardly ___had he just put the phone down when the boss rang back____________ 4. He didn’t finish his work until the bell rang.  Not until _the bell rang did he finish his work_________________________________________________ ____ 5. We only began to see the symptoms of the disease after several months.  Only _after several months did we begin to see the symptoms of the disease______________________ 6. I have never seen anyone in my life drink as much as you.  Never _in my life have I seen anyone drink as much as u_____________________________ 7. A sleeping dog was lying under the table.  Under the table _was lying a sleeping dog________________________________________________ 8. His brother had rarely been more excited. Rarely_had his brother been more exited___________________________________________ _____________ 9. The facts were not all made public until later. Only__later were the facts made public____________________________________________ ____________ 10. If I had realized what would happen, I wouldn’t have accepted the job. Had__I realized what would happen, I wouldn't have accepted the job____________________ . Inversion construction (cấu trúc đảo ngữ) Cấu trúc thông thường của 1 câu là. school . if I should go = Should I go . Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with NOT. 1. He is my friend as well as yours. ……………………………………………………………………………………