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Chapter 48 - Collecting processing and testing blood specimens. In many health-care settings, the medical assistant is responsible for collecting blood specimens from patients and even performs some testing in the waived category. In order to properly collect the specimens, you will need to review the circulatory system and the function of blood. You will be introduced in this chapter to venipuncture and capillary collection procedures, and you will learn the appropriate supplies and equipment needed to perform these procedures.
PowerPoint® to accompany Medical Assisting Chapter 48 Second Edition Ramutkowski Booth Pugh Thompson Whicker Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Permission required for reproduction or display Collecting, Processing and Testing Blood Specimens Objectives 481 Discuss the composition and function of blood 482 Describe the process for collecting a blood specimen 483 Explain the importance of confirming patients' identities and correctly identifying blood samples 484 Describe how to perform venipuncture and capillary puncture procedures 485 Identify the equipment and supplies required for blood drawing procedures Collecting, Processing and Testing Blood Specimens Objectives (cont.) 486 Discuss the correct procedures for disposing of waste generated during blooddrawing procedures 487 Discuss common fears and concerns of patients and how to ease these fears 489 Identify common blood tests and explain their purposes 4810 Perform certain blood tests Introduction You will be responsible You will be introduced for collecting blood to venipuncture and specimens and doing capillary collection some testing in the procedures waived category You will also learn techniques for dealing with difficult types of patients and how to efficiently and effectively obtain blood samples Role of the Medical Assistant Examination of blood can provide extensive information about a patient’s condition Basic understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the circulatory system will help you perform these tasks Functions of Blood Heart pumps 8 to 12 pints of blood through more than 70,000 miles of veins, arteries, and capillaries Hematology – the Hematology study of blood Hematologists – study its function and composition Blood has many functions, all of which are important to overall health of the body Functions of Blood (cont.) Blood does all the following: Distributes oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to body cells Eliminates waste products Maintains acidbase balance Regulates body temperature Attacks infecting pathogens Composition of Blood Plasma – liquid in which other components Plasma are suspended Red blood cells (erythrocytes) – vital role in Red blood cells (erythrocytes) internal respiration White blood cells (leukocytes) – protect the White blood cells (leukocytes) body against infection Platelets (thrombocytes) – crucial to clot Platelets (thrombocytes) formation Apply Your Knowledge What are three functions of blood? Apply Your Knowledge Answer What are three functions of blood? Distributes oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to body cells Eliminates waste products Maintains acidbase balance Regulates body temperature Attacks infecting pathogens 10 Special Considerations (cont.) Difficult venipuncture: Try a second time and then give the patient a rest Fainting patient: Position before venipuncture so no injury will occur 21 Special Considerations (cont.) Angry or violent patients: Encourage patient to submit to test and then talk with doctor Do not force the issue Patient has the right to refuse 22 Apply Your Knowledge What is one precaution you can take when drawing blood from a patient who had hemophilia? 23 Apply Your Knowledge Answer What is one precaution you can take when drawing blood from a patient who had hemophilia? Hold cotton ball over the puncture site for at least 5 minutes Be careful and alert Notify physician if bleeding is uncontrollable 24 Performing Common Blood Tests Results can aid in the diagnosis of specific conditions, disease, and disorders Chemicals in lab: Anticoagulants Serum separators Stains 25 Hazardous Waste Hazardous waste products include: Blood and blood products Body fluids and tissue Cultures Vaccines Sharps Gloves Specula Inoculating loops Paper product contaminated with body fluids 26 Hematologic Tests Performed on venous or capillary blood specimens Blood counts Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets Hematocrit Hemoglobin Centrifuged Capillary Sample 27 Hematologic Tests (cont.) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) – Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) measures rate at which red blood cells settle to the bottom of blood sample Put freshly collected blood into calibrated tube and place in sedimentation rack In one hour determine how far the red blood cells have fallen Record in mm/hr 28 Chemistry Tests Highly detailed tests are not performed in POL labs because of expensive, sophisticated equipment and techniques Some tests such as blood glucose monitoring are often performed by medical assistant 29 Serologic Tests Detect presence of specific substances in blood samples Refer to the introduction of an antigen or antibody into the specimen and to detect specific reaction to the antigen or antibody Used to detect disease antibodies, drugs, hormones and vitamins 30 Immunoassays Western blot – Western blot used to confirm HIV Radio immunoassay (RIA) – usually (RIA) performed in reference labs Enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) – assay (ELISA) – used to diagnose HIV infections 31 Apply Your Knowledge How is a serological test different from a chemistry test? 32 Apply Your Knowledge Answer How is a serological test different from a chemistry test? Serological tests use the introduction of an antigen or antibody into the specimen to detect specific reactions to the antigen or antibody 33 Summary Medical Assistant Successful phlebotomy procedures require not only superior technical skills but also excellent interpersonal communication skills You may be called on to complete certain testing procedures or to explain the purpose of tests to patients 34 End of Chapter 35 ...Collecting, Processing and Testing Blood Specimens Objectives 48 1 Discuss the composition and function of blood 48 2 Describe the process for collecting a blood specimen 48 3 Explain the importance of confirming patients' ... Explain the importance of confirming patients' identities and correctly identifying blood samples 48 4 Describe how to perform venipuncture and capillary puncture procedures 48 5 Identify the equipment and supplies required ... doublepointed needle, needle holder, and collection tubes Needle and syringe system – use a sterile needle Needle and syringe system and a syringe to draw blood specimen Butterfly system – winged infusion set and syringe