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(BQ) Part 1 book “Carotid artery stenting - Current practice and techniques” has contents: Obstructive carotid artery disease and evidence-based benefits of revascularization, evidence-based efficacy in preventing stroke, the global carotid artery stent registry,… and other contents.
CAROTID ARTERY STENTING: CURRENT PRACTICE AND TECHNIQUES CAROTID ARTERY STENTING: CURRENT PRACTICE AND TECHNIQUES Editors NADIM AL-MUBARAK, M.D Director Interventional Cardiology Fairview General Hospital Cleveland Clinic Health System Cleveland, Ohio GARY S ROUBIN, M.D., Ph.D Director Endovascular Services Lenox Hill Heart and Vascular Institute New York, New York SRIRAM S IYER, M.D Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine New York University School of Medicine New York, New York JIRI J VITEK, M.D., Ph.D Department of Radiology Lenox Hill Heart and Vascular Institute New York, New York Acquisition Editor: Ruth W Weinberg Developmental Editor: Joanne Bersin Production Editor: Emily Lerman Manufacturing Manager: Benjamin Rivera Cover Designer: David Levy Compositor: Maryland Composition, Inc Printer: Quebecor World-Kingsport ᭧ 2004 by LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS 530 Walnut Street Philadelphia, PA 19106 USA LWW.com All rights reserved This book is protected by copyright No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, including photocopying, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S government employees are not covered by the above-mentioned copyright Printed in the USA Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Carotid artery stenting : current practice and techniques / editors, Nadim Al-Mubarak [et al] p ; cm Includes index ISBN 0-7817-4385-0 Carotid artery—Surgery Stents (Surgery) I Al-Mubarak, Nadim [DNLM: Carotid Stenosis Carotid Artery Diseases—therapy Embolization, Therapeutic—methods WL 355 C2928 2004] RD598.6.C37 2004 617.4′13—dc22 2004007839 Care has been taken to confirm the accuracy of the information presented and to describe generally accepted practices However, the author, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from application of the information in this book and make no warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the currency, completeness, or accuracy of the contents of the publication Application of this information in a particular situation remains the professional responsibility of the practitioner The authors, editors, and publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accordance with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new or infrequently employed drug Some drugs and medical devices presented in this publication have Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance for limited use in restricted research settings It is the responsibility of the health care provider to ascertain the FDA status of each drug or device planned for use in their clinical practice 10 CONTENTS Contributing Authors vii Preface xi Section I: CLINICAL RESULTS AND INDICATIONS 1 Obstructive Carotid Artery Disease and Evidence-Based Benefits of Revascularization Alfredo M Lopez-Yun˜ez and Jose´ Biller Historical Background: 25 Years of Endovascular Therapy for Obstructive Carotid Artery Disease 18 Klaus Mathias Evidence-Based Efficacy in Preventing Stroke 23 Sumaira Macdonald, Trevor J Cleveland, and Peter A Gaines The Global Carotid Artery Stent Registry 39 Michael H Wholey, Nadim Al-Mubarak, Mark H Wholey, and The Interventionalists at the Participating Carotid Stent Centers Current Indications of Carotid Artery Stenting 48 Nadim Al-Mubarak and Gary S Roubin Recurrent Stenosis Following Carotid Endarterectomy 61 Nadim Al-Mubarak and Gary S Roubin The Role of Multispecialty Groups in Carotid Artery Stenting 66 Michael H Wholey Section II: CAROTID ARTERY STENTING TECHNIQUES 75 Basic Angiographic Anatomy of the Brachiocephalic Vasculature 77 Nadim Al-Mubarak and Jiri J Vitek Carotid Artery Access Techniques 90 Nadim Al-Mubarak, Jiri J Vitek, Sriram S Iyer, and Gary S Roubin 10 Procedural Techniques 103 Sriram S Iyer, Nadim Al-Mubarak, Jiri J Vitek, and Gary S Roubin 11 The Direct Cervical Carotid Artery Approach 124 Edward B Diethrich v vi Contents 12 Procedural Complications 137 Nadim Al-Mubarak, Sriram S Iyer, Gary S Roubin, and Jiri J Vitek 13 The Risk of Embolization During Carotid Stenting and the Concept of AntiEmbolization 153 Takao Ohki 14 Microembolization During Carotid Artery Stenting 160 Nadim Al-Mubarak 15 Carotid Artery Stenting with the Distal Occlusion Anti-Embolization System 170 Michel Henry, Antonios Polydorou, Isabelle Henry, and Miche`le Hugel 16 Intravascular Filter Anti-Embolization Systems 189 Goran Stankovic and Antonio Colombo 17 The Proximal Balloon Catheter: “The Parodi Anti-Emboli System” 201 Mark C Bates and Juan Carlos Parodi 18 Anti-Embolizaton Protection: Illustrative Cases and Technical Pearls 211 Francesco Liistro and Antonio Colombo 19 Restenosis Following Carotid Artery Stenting 221 Fayaz Shawl 20 Limitations of Current Equipment and the Future Carotid Artery Stenting Device 243 Horst Sievert and Kasja Rabe 21 Elective Angioplasty and Stenting for Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenoses 255 H Christian Schumacher, Philip M Meyers, J P Mohr, and Randall T Higashida Section III: FUTURE DIRECTIONS 291 22 Current Status of Clinical Trials and Implication of Anti-Emboli Protection 293 Brajesh K Lal and Robert W Hobson II 23 Statistical and Experimental Design Issues in the Evaluation of Carotid Artery Stenting 303 George Howard, Brent J Shelton, and Virginia J Howard 24 Clinical Investigations and Protocols 313 Christina M Brennan, Pallavi Kumar, and Gary S Roubin Subject Index 327 CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS Nadim Al-Mubarak, M.D Director, Interventional Cardiology Fairview General Hospital Cleveland Clinic Health System Cleveland, Ohio Mark C Bates, M.D., F.A.C.C., F.S.C.A Clinical Professor, Medicine and Surgery Robert C Byrd Health Sciences Center Charleston, West Virginia Jose´ Biller, M.D., F.A.H.A., F.A.C.P Professor of Neurology and Neurological Surgery Department of Neurology Loyola University Maywood, Illinois Randall T Higashida, M.D Clinical Professor of Radiology and Neurological Surgery Chief, Division of Interventional Neurovascular Radiology University of California at San Francisco Medical Center San Francisco, CA Isabelle Henry ILRMDT Nancy, France Michel Henry, M.D., F.A.C.A., F.A.H.A., F.A.S.A Interventional Cardiologist Nancy, France Christina M Brennan, M.D Manager, Department of Endovascular Research Lenox Hill Hospital New York, New York Robert W Hobson II, M.D Professor of Surgery Program Director in Vascular Surgery UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School Newark, New Jersey Trevor J Cleveland, M.B.B.S., F.R.C.S., F.R.C.R Sheffield Vascular Institute Northern General Hospital Sheffield, United Kingdom George Howard, Dr.PH Professor and Chairman, Department of Biostatistics University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama Antonio Colombo, M.D Chief Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory and Interventional Cardiology Universita Vita-Salute San Raffaele Milan, Italy Virginia J Howard, M.S.P.H Assistant Professor, Department of Epidemiology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama Edward B Diethrich, M.D Medical Director, Arizona Heart Institute and Arizona Heart Hospital Phoenix, Arizona Miche`le Hugel ILRMDT Nancy, France Peter A Gaines, M.B.B.S., F.R.C.S, F.R.C.R Freeman Hospital Newcastle, United Kingdom Sriram S Iyer, M.D Director, Endovascular Medicine The Lenox Hill Heart and Vascular Institute New York, NY vii viii Contributing Authors Pallavi Kumar, M.S Research Coordinator, Department of Endovascular Research Lenox Hill Hospital New York, New York Takao Ohki, M.D., Ph.D Associate Professor, Department of Surgery Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, New York Brajesh K Lal, M.D Assistant Professor of Surgery Division of Vascular Surgery UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School Newark, New Jersey Juan Carlos Parodi, M.D Professor of Surgery and Radiology Washington University St Louis, Missouri Francesco Liistro, M.D Consultant Cardiologist Emodinamica San Raffaele Hospital Milan, Italy Alfredo M Lopez-Yun˜ez, M.D Department of Neurology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, Indiana Sumaira Macdonald, M.B.Ch.B.(Comm), M.R.C.P., F.R.C.R Freeman Hospital Consultant Vascular Radiologist Newcastle, United Kingdom Klaus Mathias, M.D Department of Radiology Academic Teaching Hospital; Department of Radiology Klinikum Dortmund Dortmund, Germany Antonios Polydorou ILRMDT Nancy, France Kasja Rabe Cardiovascular Center Frankfurt, Sanht Katharinen Frankfurt, Germany Gary S Roubin, M.D., Ph.D Chief, Endovascular Services, St John’s Hospital, Jackson, WY USA H Christian Schumacher, M.D Clinical Fellow, Doris and Stanley Tananbaum Stroke Center Neurological Institute Department of Neurology College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University Philip M Meyers, M.D Assistant Professor, Departments of Radiology and Neurological Surgery Columbia University New York, New York Fayaz Shawl, M.D., F.A.C.P., F.A.C.C Clinical Professor of Medicine (Cardiology) George Washington University School of Medicine Tacoma Park, Maryland J P Mohr, M.D Sciarra Professor of Neurology New York Presbyterian Hospital New York, New York Brent J Shelton, Ph.D UAB School of Public Health Birmingham Alabama Contributing Authors ix Horst Sievert, M.D Chief, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine Santa Katharinen Hospital Frankfurt, Germany Mark H Wholey, M.D Clinical Professor of Radiology School of Medicine University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Goran Stankovic, M.D Assistant Professor, Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases Medical Faculty of Belgrade Belgrade, SCG Michael H Wholey, M.D., M.B.A Associate Professor, Departments of Radiology and Cardiology University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, Texas Jiri J Vitek, M.D., Ph.D Director Interventional Neuroradiology The Lenox Hill Heart and Vascular Institute New York, NY ... Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Carotid artery stenting : current practice and techniques / editors, Nadim Al-Mubarak [et al] p ; cm Includes index ISBN 0-7 81 7-4 38 5-0 Carotid artery? ??Surgery... Embolization During Carotid Stenting and the Concept of AntiEmbolization 15 3 Takao Ohki 14 Microembolization During Carotid Artery Stenting 16 0 Nadim Al-Mubarak 15 Carotid Artery Stenting with the... 15 min) Total 11 s 23 s 22 32 s 36 75 s 57 27 s 25 NA 16 4 s 10 8 Distal Balloon Group s s s s s s 68 s 16 22 12 17 17 p Value 24 33 31 22 21 83 MES, microembolic signals; CAS, carotid artery stenting;