Ebook Measuring occupational performance (3/E): Part 1

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Ebook Measuring occupational performance (3/E): Part 1

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Part 1 book “Measuring occupational performance” has contents: Measurement in occupational therapy, measurement concepts and practices, understanding measurement properties, guiding therapist decisions for measuring outcomes in occupational therapy, identifying person factors that impact occupational performance assessment,… and other contents.

.34375 34375 Law Baum Dunn THIRD EDITION As the profession of occupational therapy continues to mature and expand its practice, the measurement of occupational performance is one of the key avenues that all practicing clinicians will need to explore and master Measuring Occupational Performance: Supporting Best Practice in Occupational Therapy, Third Edition summarizes the measurement tools needed to assess client occupational performance, to provide the best intervention, and to document the efficacy of that intervention These measurement tools are not just a compilation of all tools that are available for measurement relevant to occupational therapy; they are an elite group of tools carefully selected by the editors through a process of rigorous theoretical, clinical, and scientific reasoning Features of the Third Edition: • Offers insight into the importance of measuring functional performance, methodologies, measurement issues, and best approach for outcome measurement • Explains the technical aspects of measurement development and methodologies and which components of functioning are to be measured and how • Conveys a broad focus on occupational performance and offers examples from a wide range of practice settings and from multiple ages throughout the lifespan • Develops an understanding of the theoretical aspects and evidence for both standardized tests and nonstandardized tests New in the Third Edition: • Focus on strengths-based approaches • New chapter focused on school-based practice • Measures health and disability at both individual and population levels using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) • New content on reliability, validity, and responsiveness • New content on goal attainment • Additional material on decision making in practice In this changing health care environment, Measuring Occupational Performance: Supporting Best Practice in Occupational Therapy, Third Edition explains how core values and beliefs can be put into everyday practice and is the essential reference manual for the evidence-based occupational therapy and occupational therapy assistant student and practitioner THIRD EDITION In this Third Edition, Drs Mary Law, Carolyn Baum, and Winnie Dunn have updated current chapters and added new topics that have not been covered in past editions, such as a chapter on measuring school performance, a key area of practice Also included is a chapter on measurement principles and development to highlight the concepts common to all the measures included in the text The Third Edition also has a focus on the best measures and measures that are used most frequently Supporting Best Practice in Occupational Therapy Supporting Best Practice in Occupational Therapy Measuring Occupational Performance Measuring Occupational Performance • An emphasis on evidence-based practice and using evidence from other disciplines, not just from occupational therapy 1.375 THIRD EDITION Measuring Occupational Performance Supporting Best Practice in Occupational Therapy Instructors in educational settings can visit www.efacultylounge.com for additional material to be used for teaching in the classroom Mary Law • Carolyn Baum • Winnie Dunn ,6%1  ® MEDICAL/Allied Health Services/Occupational Therapy    SLACK Incorporated www.Healio.com/books Copyright © 2017 by SLACK Incorporated Instructors: Measuring Occupational Performance: Supporting Best Practice in Occupational Therapy, Third Edition Instructor’s Manual is also available from SLACK Incorporated Don’t miss this important companion to Measuring Occupational Performance: Supporting Best Practice in Occupational Therapy, Third Edition To obtain the Instructor’s Manual, please visit http://www.efacultylounge.com All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews The procedures and practices described in this publication should be implemented in a manner consistent with the professional standards set for the circumstances that apply in each specific situation Every effort has been made to confirm the accuracy of the information presented and to correctly relate generally accepted practices The authors, editors, and publisher cannot accept responsibility for errors or exclusions or for the outcome of the material presented herein There is no expressed or implied warranty of this book or information imparted by it Care has been taken to ensure that drug selection and dosages are in accordance with currently accepted/recommended practice Off-label uses of drugs may be discussed Due to continuing research, changes in government policy and regulations, and various effects of drug reactions and interactions, it is recommended that the reader carefully review all materials and literature provided for each drug, especially those that are new or not frequently used Some drugs or devices in this publication have clearance for use in a restricted research setting by the Food and Drug and Administration or FDA Each professional should determine the FDA status of any drug or device prior to use in their practice Any review or mention of specific companies or products is not intended as an endorsement by the author or publisher SLACK Incorporated uses a review process to evaluate submitted material Prior to publication, educators or clinicians provide important feedback on the content that we publish We welcome feedback on this work Published by: SLACK Incorporated 6900 Grove Road Thorofare, NJ 08086 USA Telephone: 856-848-1000 Fax: 856-848-6091 www.Healio.com/books Contact SLACK Incorporated for more information about other books in this field or about the availability of our books from distributors outside the United States Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Law, Mary C., editor | Baum, Carolyn Manville, editor | Dunn, Winnie, editor Title: Measuring occupational performance : supporting best practice in occupational therapy / [edited by] Mary Law, Carolyn Baum, Winnie Dunn Description: Third edition | Thorofare, NJ : SLACK Incorporated, [2017] | Includes bibliographical references and index Identifiers: LCCN 2016046472 (ebook) | ISBN 9781630914165 (epub) | ISBN 9781630914172 (web) Subjects: | MESH: Occupational Therapy standards | Outcome Assessment (Health Care) | Practice Guidelines as Topic | Evidence-Based Medicine Classification: LCC RM735 (print) | LCC RM735 (ebook) | NLM WB 555 | DDC 615.8/515 dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016046083 For permission to reprint material in another publication, contact SLACK Incorporated Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or academic use is granted by SLACK Incorporated provided that the appropriate fee is paid directly to Copyright Clearance Center Prior to photocopying items, please contact the Copyright Clearance Center at 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 USA; phone: 978-750-8400; website: www.copyright.com; email: info@copyright.com DEDICATION CONTENTS Instructors: Measuring Occupational Performance: Supporting Best Practice in Occupational Therapy, Third Edition Instructor’s Manual is also available from SLACK Incorporated Don’t miss this important companion to Measuring Occupational Performance: Supporting Best Practice in Occupational Therapy, Third Edition To obtain the Instructor’s Manual, please visit http://www.efacultylounge.com ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Table 10-16 (continued) LEISURE INTEREST INVENTORIES Name of Measure Key Reference Information Japanese Interest Checklist for the Elderly (JICE) Name of Measure Key Reference Information The Leisure Interest Questionnaire (LIQ) Name of Measure Key Reference Information Change in Activities and Interests Checklist (CAIC) Name of Measure Key Reference Information Nottingham Leisure Questionnaire (NLQ) Name of Measure Key Reference Information Modified NPS Interest Checklist (MNPS) Name of Measure Key Reference Information Pleasant Activities List (PAL) Name of Measure Key Reference Information Leisure Activity Profile (LAP) Nakamura-Thomas and Yamada57 The JICE is a self-report instrument comprising 29 items reflecting activities common to Japanese older people Participants indicate whether they have strong, casual, or no interest in different activities, such as pleasurable outings, cultural/educational activities, entertainment, nature-related activities and social activities Hansen and Scullard186 The LIQ scales contain 250 leisure activities that the individual rates according to his/her level of interest in each pursuit using a 3-point scale (ie, like, indifferent, dislike) These include: (a) Athletic activities (eg, Adventure Sports, Team Sports, and Individual Sports); (b) Artistic activities (eg, Arts & Crafts, Writing & Literature, Cultural Arts, Dancing, and Culinary Pursuits); (c) Social activities (eg, Community Involvement, Socializing, and Partying); and (d) Outdoor activities Adams187 The CAIC is a retrospective measure that examines changes in activity preference and involvement reported by older adults There are 30 items measuring interests and investment in different social and leisure pursuits now, as compared with 10 years ago There are domains: active social, active instrumental, transcendent attitudes, and passive social/spiritual Drummond et al188 There is a long (38-item) and short (30-item) version of the NLQ that is used in research studies to measure frequency of engaging in specific leisure activities in rehabilitation settings Additional space is provided at the end of the questionnaire for listing “other” leisure activities Nilsson and Fisher189 The MPNS has dimensions of leisure: Interest, Performance, Motivation, and Well-being It was developed from a Scandinavian survey of nondisabled people Measures of validity and reliability were established The 20 MNPS items in each dimension (interest, performance, motivation, and well-being) demonstrate uni-dimensionality (internal consistency) Dijkstra and Roozen190 The 139-item self-report PAL measures frequency and subjective pleasure of the engagement in activities There are factorially derived subscales: (1) Social Activities; (2) Sensation Seeking Activities; (3) Domestic Activities; (4) Activities on Culture/Science/Travelling; (5) Passive/ Relaxing Activities; (6) Sport-related Activities; (7) Activities that involve Intimacy/Personal Attention; and (8) Miscellaneous Activities (MA) Mann and Talty191 The 38-item LAP comprises 19 assumed to be associated with alcohol consumption and 19 not associated with alcohol consumption Respondents rate the frequency and enjoyment of engaging in each activity, presence of social companions and alcohol consumption while engaging in each activity Table 10-17 MEASURES OF LEISURE COGNITIONS, AFFECT, AND MOTIVATION Name of Measure Key Reference Information Leisure Boredom Scale (LBS) Name of Measure Key Reference Information Leisure Experience Battery for Adolescents (LEBA) Name of Measure Key Reference Information Leisure Diagnostic Battery (LDB) Name of Measure Key Reference Information Personal Projects Analysis for Children (PPA-C) Name of Measure Key Reference Information California Older Person’s Pleasant Experiences Scale (COPPES; Spanish Version) Name of Measure Key Reference Information Intrinsic Leisure Motivation Scale (ILM) Iso-Ahola and Weissinger192 The LBS comprises 16 items measuring respondents’ subjective perceptions of leisure The LBS is scored on a 1- to 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree to = strongly agree), with higher numbers indicating higher leisure boredom Caldwell et al193 There are subscales in this battery: boredom, challenge, awareness, and anxiety No summative leisure experience total score is used The authors indicated that leisure awareness related back to Iso-Ahola and Weissinger’s192 earlier research on the Leisure Boredom Scale Witt and Ellis70 There are different batteries for different age groups (adolescent, adults and older individuals) with slight changes to item wording for each age group There is a short (25-item) and long (95-item) version of each scale The short versions contain items derived from subscales that form Part I of the long version The short forms are called Perceived Freedom in Leisure Scale – Short Form Version A or B (PFS) The PFS subscales of the long version Part I include: (1) Competence; (2) Control; (3) Depth of Involvement; (4) Leisure Needs; and (5) Playfulness The total score of the PFS represents a composite measure of perceived freedom in leisure and reflects the notion that helplessness and freedom occupy opposite ends of a continuum The long version contains additional items to measure barriers to leisure and preferred leisure activities in Parts II and III Poulsen et al194 PPA-C is an ipsative, ecologically sensitive tool completed by children aged 10 years and older There are modules in the child version of the PPA: (1) The child generates a list of personal leisure projects, goals or strivings, and describes where and with whom the project is carried out; and (2) Projects are then rated by the child on motivational and experiential elements Rider et al195 This measure taps an older person’s thought processes about pleasant events in general A large proportion of events relate to leisure experiences The manual and scoring system are available online at http://oafc.stanford.edu/coppes.html There are 66 items that measure frequency of pleasant thought and enjoyment across domains: (1) Socializing; (2) Relaxing; (3) Contemplating; (4) Being effective; and (5) Doing Weissinger and Bandalos69 The ILM is a 24-item scale measuring the extent to which individuals perceive their personal needs are being met through leisure activities There are subscales: (1) Self-determination; (2) Competence/skill development; (3) Self-commitment; and (4) Challenge/adventure Based on Self-Determination Theory (continued) Table 10-17 (continued) MEASURES OF LEISURE COGNITIONS, AFFECT, AND MOTIVATION Name of Measure Key Reference Information Experience Sampling Methodology (ESM196) Name of Measure Key Reference Information Recreation Experiences Preference Scales (REP) Name of Measure Key Reference Information Leisure Competence Measure (LCM)199,200 Name of Measure Key Reference Information The Leisure Competence Scale (LCS) Name of Measure Key Reference Information Leisure Self-determination Scale202 developed as part of a doctoral thesis cited in Craike et al203 Name of Measure Key References Information Leisure Attitude Scale-Short Version (LAS-SV) Chen et al197 On a self-report form, participants respond to signals installed on an iPod touch or iPhone to report real-time actions, thoughts, and feelings in every-day settings, over time and across contexts There is a free iPhone P.I.E.L Application for iOS devices with accompanying manual that can be accessed at http://ses.library.usyd.edu.au//bitstream/2123/9490/2/PIEL_Survey_App_ Manual.pdf Manfredo et al198 The REP scales contain 328 items but the entire list has never been used Respondents rate their level of satisfaction and importance of reasons for participating in leisure using multiple domains: (1) Achievement; (2) Autonomy/Leadership; (3) Risk Taking; (4) Learning; (5) Meeting new people; (6) Being with similar people; (7) Family togetherness; (8) Enjoy nature; (9) Introspection; (10) Creativity; (11) Nostalgia; (12) Physical fitness; (13) Rest; (14) Escape; (15) Social security; (16) Teaching/leadership Kloseck et al199 The LCM comprises domains: (1) Leisure Awareness; (2) Leisure Attitudes; (3) Leisure skills; (4) Social Appropriateness; (5) Group Interaction Skills; (6) Clinical Participation; (7) Social Contact; (8) Community Participation Has change and gain scores Eight subscales (leisure awareness, leisure attitude, leisure skills, cultural/social behaviors, interpersonal skills, community integration skills, social contact, community participation Chang201 The LCS comprises items related to the perception of older adults regarding their ability to participate in leisure activities The scale contains 5-point items related to older adults’ perceived effectiveness of their ability to perform their leisure activities The higher the scores, the stronger the leisure competence Coleman and Iso-Ahola204 The 24-item LSDS has subscales: (1) Autonomous tendencies (self); (2) Fulfillment of personal values (personal values); (3) Perceived expectations of others (internalized others); (4) Deferment to others ideas and requests (valued others); and (5) Observations of environmental dominance (external control) Teixeira and Freire205; Ragheb and Beard206 18-item short version of the original LAS206 has dimensions: cognitive, affective, and behavioral/ preferences In the 1980s and early 1990s, Ragheb and Beard206 developed several instruments measuring a range of leisure dimensions (eg, leisure attitude, leisure satisfaction, leisure interests, and leisure motivation) with varying psychometric data available for each measure There are versions of these scales in several languages A short version of the LAS has been developed (continued) Table 10-17 (continued) MEASURES OF LEISURE COGNITIONS, AFFECT, AND MOTIVATION Name of Measure Key References Information Leisure Satisfaction Scale – Short Version (LSS-SV) Name of Measure Key Reference Information Leisure Motivation Scale (LMS) Name of Measure Key Reference Information Motivation for Leisure Di Bona207; Beard and Ragheb208 The 51-item LSS measures the extent that an individual feels his or her needs are met as a result of participation in leisure activities The LSS consists of scales: (1) Psychological; (2) Educational; (3) Social; (4) Relaxation; (5) Physiological; and (6) Aesthetic on 5-point Likert scales A short form has been developed.207 Beard and Ragheb209 The 48-item LMS measures psychological and social reasons for participating in leisure activities on 12-item subscales: (1) Intellectual, (2) Social, (3) Competence-Mastery, and (4) Stimulus-Avoidance Beiswenger and Grolnick 210 Motivation for Leisure210 measures types of motivation based on SDT: (1) Extrinsic motivation, or engaging in activities due to contingencies such as rewards or punishments; (2) Introjected motivation, related to the behavior of avoiding emotions perceived as negative such as guilt or anxiety; (3) Identified motivation, or engagement because of personal values or importance of activity; and (4) intrinsic motivation, doing activity for fun or pleasure Name of Measure Key Reference Information The Leisure Coping Scales (LCS) Name of Measure Key Reference Information Leisure Meanings Gained Scale (LMGS)212 Name of Measure Key Reference Information Leisure Meanings Inventory (LMI) Name of Measure Key Reference Information Modified Involvement Scale (MIS) Iwasaki and Mannell211 Two versions of the LCS measure ways in which leisure helps people cope with stress The Leisure Coping Belief Scale (LCBS) measures individuals’ dispositional and relatively stable belief about gaining stress-coping benefits through leisure involvements, whereas the Leisure Coping Strategy Scale (LCSS) measures the extent to which leisure involvements help people cope with stress at the time of facing a stressful event in a specific situation Porter et al213 24 items with dimensions: (1) Connection/belonging; (2) Identity; (3) Freedom/autonomy; (4) Power/control; and (5) Competence/mastery This scale asks a person to list his or her most favorite leisure activities, and then rate the personal meaning of activity participation Schulz and Watkins214 The LMI comprises 27 items across dimensions to measure subjective reasons for engaging in leisure: (1) Passing Time; (2) Exercising Choice; (3) Escaping Pressure; (4) Achieving Fulfillment Kyle et al215 The MIS is a child/adolescent self-report scale measuring dimensions of involvement: (1) Attraction; (2) Centrality; (3) Social Bonding; (4) Identity Affirmation; and (5) Identity Expression There is an adapted version for parent proxy report when child/adolescent self-report is not possible (continued) Table 10-17 (continued) MEASURES OF LEISURE COGNITIONS, AFFECT, AND MOTIVATION Name of Measure Key Reference Information Leisure Time Satisfaction (LTS) Name of Measure Key Reference Information Youth Outcomes Battery (YOB) Name of Measure Key Reference Information Self-Reported Experiences of Activity Settings (SEAS) Stevens et al216 The LTS was developed to address a need to understand the impact of caregiving on a caregiver’s leisure participation The 6-item LTS measures caregivers’ satisfaction with their leisure experiences Sibthorp et al79 There are 11 YOB constructs that have been used to measure the outcomes of youth camp experiences in relation to: Family Citizenship Behavior, Perceived Competence, Responsibility, Independence, Team Work, Problem-Solving Competence, Affinity for Nature, Affinity for Exploration, Camp Connectedness, Family Support, Spiritual Well-being King et al65 The SEAS measures key aspects of the experiences of youth with or without physical impairments in leisure activity settings at home and in the community Experiences across activity settings (such as sports/active physical activities versus creative arts programs), as well as changes over time can be evaluated Table 10-18 MEASURES OF PARTICIPATION AND HEALTH-RELATED LIFESTYLE BEHAVIOR WITH PLAY/LEISURE SUBSCALES Name of Measure Key Reference Information The Health Enhancement Lifestyle Profile (HELP) Name of Measure Key Reference Information Health Promoting Activities Scale to Measure Leisure Participation (HPAS) Name of Measure Key Reference Information Measure of Environmental Qualities of Activity Settings (MEQAS) Hwang217 The HELP217 is a self-report questionnaire about health-related lifestyle behaviors for older adults There are subscales: (1) Exercise; (2) Diet; (3) Work, Education, and Social Participation; (4) Leisure; (5) Activities of Daily Living; (6) Psychological Wellness and Spiritual Participation; and (7) Other Health Promotion and Risk Behaviors Bourke-Taylor et al85 The HPAS provides occupational therapists with a brief tool to measure the frequency with which mothers participate in self-selected leisure activities that promote health and well-being The use of this instrument reminds occupational therapists to explore caregiver healthy leisure as well as child’s leisure Assists mothers in setting goals in relation to HPAS items and engaging in healthy lifestyle redesign of leisure pursuits King et al64 The MEQAS provides a structured framework to observe real contexts in relation to activity participation The 32 items are organized in scales: (1) Opportunities for Social Activities; (2) Opportunities for Physical Activities; (3) Pleasant Physical Environment; (4) Opportunities for Choice; (5) Opportunities for Personal Growth; and (6) Opportunities to Interact with Adults (continued) Table 10-18 (continued) MEASURES OF PARTICIPATION AND HEALTH-RELATED LIFESTYLE BEHAVIOR WITH PLAY/LEISURE SUBSCALES Name of Measure Key Reference Information Leisure Support Network Assessment Scale (LSNAS) Name of Measure Key Reference Information Assistance to Participate Scale (APS) Name of Measure Key Reference Information Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth (PEM-CY) Name of Measure Key Reference Information Craig Hospital Inventory of Environmental Factors (CHIEF) Name of Measure Key Reference Information Your Ideas about Participation and Environment (YIPE) Name of Measure Key Reference Information Assessment of Life Habits for Children (LIFE-H) Iwasaki218 The LSNAS assesses: (a) Size of support network; (b) Frequency, closeness, balance, complexity and nature of relationships; and (c) Levels of satisfaction with different aspects of social support (ie, emotional support, socializing, practical assistance, financial assistance, and advice/guide) Bourke-Taylor et al219 The APS measures social rather than physical environmental supports The amount of assistance needed by caregivers to enable child participation in play/leisure pursuits is evaluated in scenarios (eg, watching TV, sharing time with a friend at home, and attending an organized recreational club) from the family’s perspective Khetani et al220 The PEM-CY is a 25-item parent/caregiver report measuring a child’s participation in different activities at home, school, and within the community For each item on the PEM-CY, the caregiver reports: (1) Number of activities done at home; (2) Frequency of activities; (3) Level of involvement; (4) Number of activities in which change is desired; (5) Number of environmental supports; and (6) Number of environmental barriers Whiteneck et al221 The CHIEF rates frequency and impact of 25 environmental elements that impede the participation of persons aged 16 to 95 years across domains: (1) Policies; (2) Physical and Structural; (3) Work and School; (4) Attitudes and Support; (5) Services and Assistance Cheeseman et al222 The YIPE is an 83-item self-report instrument that measures environmental facilitators and barriers to participation The YIPE can help an individual set person-centered goals and identify supports This tool is in the early stages of development and limited psychometric data is available Noreau et al223 The LIFE-H measures quality of social participation in 11 life habit categories, including leisure, in interviews with parents of children with disabilities aged to 13 years Level of difficulty and type of assistance required (technical assistance, physical arrangements, human help) is evaluated There is a short and long version (continued) Table 10-18 (continued) MEASURES OF PARTICIPATION AND HEALTH-RELATED LIFESTYLE BEHAVIOR WITH PLAY/LEISURE SUBSCALES Name of Measure Key Reference Information Child Participation Questionnaire (CPQ) Name of Measure Key Reference Information Assessment of Preschool Children’s Participation (APCP) Name of Measure Key Reference Information Lifestyle Assessment Questionnaire (LAQ) Name of Measure Key Reference Information Child and Adolescent Scale of Participation (CASP; Bedell, 2009) Name of Measure Key Reference Information Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) Rosenberg et al224 The CPQ is a promising parent-completed questionnaire for assessing child participation across occupational domains: Activities of Daily Living (eg, dressing), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (eg, setting the table), Play (eg, imaginative play, computer games), Leisure (eg, bicycle riding, listening to a story), Social participation (eg, visiting a friend), and Education (eg, drawing and graphomotor exercises in preschool classroom) Parents rate dimensions of participation: Intensity, Diversity, Independence, Child Enjoyment, and Parental Satisfaction Law et al225 The APCP is a 45-item, parent-completed measure of frequency and diversity of a preschool child’s participation in play, skill development, active physical recreation, and social activities during the past months The APCP used the same format as the CAPE and included many similar (n=15) or identical items (n=23) to the CAPE Unlike the CAPE, the APCP does not collect information about where and with whom activities take place, and a child’s rating of enjoyment Jessen et al226 The LAQ is another parent-completed measure of a child’s participation in domains: communication, mobility, self-care, domestic Life, social and civic activities, and family impact for children McDougall et al227 The parent report version of the CASP measures children’s extent of participation and restrictions in home, school and community life situations and activities compared with same age peers The youth report version (11-17) measures activity and participation across all ICF/ICFCY chapters They are very brief, relatively easy to complete tools that offers good global coverage of activity and participation Bradley et al228 The HOME is a checklist comprising 45 items divided into subscales that is completed following observation and interviews with the parent/caregiver The different versions of the HOME can be used over a wide age span (birth to 15 years) REFERENCES ... Incorporated, [2 017 ] | Includes bibliographical references and index Identifiers: LCCN 2 016 046472 (ebook) | ISBN 97 816 30 914 165 (epub) | ISBN 97 816 30 914 172 (web) Subjects: | MESH: Occupational Therapy... INFLUENCES ON OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY Law M, Baum C, Dunn W, eds Measuring Occupational Performance: Supporting Best Practice in Occupational Therapy, Third Edition (pp 1- 16) © 2 017 SLACK Incorporated... MA 019 23 USA; phone: 978-750-8400; website: www.copyright.com; email: info@copyright.com DEDICATION CONTENTS Instructors: Measuring Occupational Performance: Supporting Best Practice in Occupational

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