Blue Marble Health Hotez.indb 6/22/16 11:02 AM Hotez.indb 6/22/16 11:02 AM Blue Marble Health An Innovative Plan to Fight Diseases of the Poor amid Wealth Peter J Hotez, MD, PhD Baylor College of Medicine Johns Hopkins University Press Baltimore Hotez.indb 6/22/16 11:02 AM © 2016 Johns Hopkins University Press All rights reserved Published 2016 Printed in the United States of America on acid-­free paper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Johns Hopkins University Press 2715 North Charles Street Baltimore, Maryland 21218-­4363 www.press.jhu.edu Library of Congress Cataloging-­in-­Publication Data Names: Hotez, Peter J., author Title: Blue marble health : an innovative plan to fight diseases of the poor amid wealth / Peter J Hotez ; with a foreword by Cher Description: Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press, 2016 | Includes   bibliographical references and index Identifiers: LCCN 2015046697| ISBN 9781421420462 (pbk : alk paper) | ISBN   1421420465 (pbk : alk paper) | ISBN 9781421420479 (electronic) | ISBN   1421420473 (electronic) Subjects: | MESH: Neglected Diseases­—­economics | Poverty Areas | Global   Health—­economics | Health Equity—economics | Tropical Medicine—­economics Classification: LCC RA418.5.P6 | NLM W 74.1 | DDC 362.1086/942—dc23   LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015046697 A catalog record for this book is available from the British Library The quotation from John Lennon on the facing page has been ascribed to Allen Saunders, who wrote in Reader’s Digest in the 1950s, “Life is what happens to us while we are making other plans” (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/claudia-­gryvatz-­copquin/gilda-­radner_b _2231040.html) Special discounts are available for bulk purchases of this book For more information, please contact Special Sales at 410-­516-­6936 or specialsales@press.jhu.edu Johns Hopkins University Press uses environmentally friendly book materials, including recycled text paper that is composed of at least 30 percent post-­consumer waste, whenever possible Hotez.indb 6/22/16 11:02 AM To my champions and mentors in Texas: Mark Kline, MD, and Mark Wallace of Texas Children’s Hospital Paul Klotman, MD, President of Baylor College of Medicine Amb Edward P Djerejian, Director, James A Baker III Institute for Public Policy, Rice University Philip K Russell, MD, President Emeritus, Sabin Vaccine Institute And to my wife, Ann Hotez, and our four children, Matthew, Emily, Daniel, and our (now adult) special needs daughter, Rachel Hotez, who helps to keep me humble and reminds me daily of what John Lennon once wrote and sang: “Life is what happens while you are busy making other plans.” Hotez_FM.indd 6/28/16 12:22 PM This page intentionally left blank Hotez.indb 6/22/16 11:02 AM Contents Foreword, by Cher  ix Preface  xi Introduction  1 A Changing Landscape in Global Health  2 The “Other Diseases”: The Neglected Tropical Diseases  15 3 Introducing Blue Marble Health  32 East Asia: China, Indonesia, Japan, and South Korea  48 5 India  60 Sub-­Saharan Africa: Nigeria and South Africa  73 7 Saudi Arabia and Neighboring Conflict Zones of the Middle East and North African Region  85 The Americas: Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico  99 Australia, Canada, European Union, Russian Federation, and Turkey  113 10 United States of America  122 11 The G20: “A Theory of Justice”  141 12 A Framework for Science and Vaccine Diplomacy  154 13 Future Directions  164 Literature Cited  171 Index  199 Hotez.indb 6/22/16 11:02 AM This page intentionally left blank Hotez.indb 6/22/16 11:02 AM Foreword D uring more than five decades as an artist and performer on the world stage, I have been extremely blessed to visit dozens of nations and meet tens of thousands of amazing people of all religions and ethnic backgrounds Connecting with people from all walks of life has been an energizing life force and an inspiration for my work But I have also witnessed a dark side to our big and beautiful planet, namely, the dehumanizing effects of severe poverty For me, there is nothing more devastating than seeing parents who cannot afford to care for or feed their children or seeing the desperate homeless In response, I have tried to give back to those most in need Through our Cher Charitable Foundation, we have helped the poorest people living in Armenia as well as children with craniofacial deformities, head and neck diseases, and neglected diseases such as pediatric AIDS and cerebral malaria Most recently, through our support of the Peace Village School in Shikamana, Kenya, hundreds of orphans and other vulnerable children are getting a fresh start We are beginning to make a difference Aside from the challenges of being poor, it must also be especially disheartening to be poor and to live alongside great wealth It’s a terrible thing to live as a “have not” next to a “have.” Yet in communities across America, more than one million families must survive on practically no money and barely scratch out an existence These same destitute families usually live within a few miles or even a few blocks from those with enormous wealth and privilege Now, with the latest findings of Dr Peter Hotez, we realize there’s a new dimension to extreme poverty In the United States, or indeed anywhere Hotez.indb 6/22/16 11:02 AM ... Blue Marble Health Hotez.indb 6/22/16 11:02 AM Hotez.indb 6/22/16 11:02 AM Blue Marble Health An Innovative Plan to Fight Diseases of the Poor amid Wealth Peter J Hotez,... wide range of investigators These articles are cited in the text and then listed by chapter at the end of the book Another important source of data is the Preventive Chemotherapy and Transmission... Institute, the Dutch government and its Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the European Union and the Amsterdam Institute of Global Health and Development, the Brazilian Ministry of Health, and the Japanese