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Part 1 book “Surgical treatment of colorectal problems in children” has contents: History of the treatment of anorectal malformations, basic anatomy and physiology of bowel control, prenatal diagnosis, neonatal management, bowel preparation in pediatric colorectal surgery,… and other contents.
Surgical Treatment of Colorectal Problems in Children Alberto Peña Andrea Bischoff 123 Surgical Treatment of Colorectal Problems in Children Alberto Pa • Andrea Bischoff Surgical Treatment of Colorectal Problems in Children Alberto Peña Pediatric Surgery Colorectal Center for Children Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Cincinnati, OH USA Andrea Bischoff Pediatric Surgery Colorectal Center for Children Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Cincinnati, OH USA ISBN 978-3-319-14988-2 ISBN 978-3-319-14989-9 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-14989-9 (eBook) Library of Congress Control Number: 2015937190 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 This work is subject to copyright All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made Printed on acid-free paper Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) To our parents To our children To all children born with congenital anomalies Foreword I The care of infants and children with anorectal malformations and disorders has long been an important component of the pediatric surgeon’s practice Information concerning the recognition and management of these relatively common conditions dates back hundreds of years Progress during the past half-century due to advances in imaging, both prenatal and postnatal anatomic and embryologic studies, improved detection of associated anomalies, the availability of antibiotics, and improvements in overall care resulted in survival of most of the patients, but the functional outcomes following attempted surgical correction of these conditions were not optimal and remained a challenge While children’s surgeons worldwide recognized the guarded outcomes particularly related to establishing continence, it was difficult to reach a consensus on classification, type of procedure, and methods to assess outcomes and compare results Following the early work of Douglas Stephens and Durham Smith, many surgeons were successful in achieving good outcomes for most infants with imperforate anus and a perineal fistula and girls with a rectoforchette (vestibular) fistula or those without a fistula; however, in those defects where the rectal atresia ended with a recto-urethral or bladder fistula and in instances of cloacal anomalies results were often poor Interest in these cases peaked when Peter de Vries and Alberto Peña first described the posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP) procedure in 1980 While there remains some honest differences of opinion regarding the operative approach to some cases and the success rates, surgeons throughout the world have employed the PSARP in many patients and there has been a cooperative international effort to modify the old Wingspread and Peña Classifications and adopt the Krickenbeck consensus to identify and classify the various anomalies and assess outcomes Dr Peña has focused his career on caring for infants and children with colorectal problems both here and abroad He is clearly recognized as one of the leading experts in the field and has made major contributions to the care of these children This textbook Surgical Treatment of Colorectal Problems in Children co-edited by Dr Andrea Bischoff is truly a labor of love and reflects the vast personal experience of the authors As noted by the authors in their forwarding remarks, this is not a data-driven, evidenced-based textbook, but rather an observational personalized approach based on their vii Foreword I viii considerable experience in the care of these children The book contains 27 chapters that cover the broad spectrum of colorectal conditions from the complex to the mundane (fistula-in-ano, fissure, hemorrhoids, bowel preparation) as well as an historical background, imaging, the role of minimally invasive surgery, motility disorders, and perhaps more importantly bowel management To his credit Dr Peña has been a strong advocate of establishing multidisciplinary centers for colorectal disorders to aid children with motility disorders and those that require bowel management programs especially in the postoperative period The textbook also includes chapters on Hirschsprung disease and reoperative surgery but excludes any information on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) While this might be viewed as a weakness of the book, it is noted that the authors intentionally left out the IBD chapter as they did not feel their experience in this area was adequate One of the strengths and more unique aspects of the textbook is its use of animation and careful attention to details that illustrate the surgical techniques employed in the operative care of the patients The illustrations in the book are superior Another important area of emphasis in the text is the thorough evaluation of the status of the sacrum and spinal cord in determining outcomes The textbook by Peña and Bischoff is an extensive reference on colorectal disorders in children that will be useful to those both in training and practice and provides insights into these conditions based on their enormous experience with these cases It will be an excellent resource and valuable addition to a pediatric surgeon’s personal library Jay L Grosfeld Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA Foreword II In 1982, Prof Alberto Pena made an outstanding contribution to the management of anorectal malformations by introducing the procedure of posterior sagittal anorectoplasty which in subsequent years has become the classic approach for the treatment of anorectal malformations The book Surgical Treatment of Colorectal Problems in Children represents over 30 years of Prof Pena’s experience in dealing with colorectal disorders in children The pediatric surgical community will greatly appreciate the efforts of Prof Alberto Pena and Dr Andrea Bischoff in putting together their vast experience in a valuable and easily readable book The authors provide a comprehensive description of operative techniques for various colorectal malformations in children The text is organised in a systematic manner providing step-by-step detailed practical advice on operative approach on the management of these congenital malformations The strength of the book is that it is based on the experience and best belief of the authors which goes on to show that the successful correction of colorectal anomalies requires a thorough understanding of the problem and the pathological anatomy as well as meticulous attention to surgical techniques An interesting and unique feature of this book is the generous use of high quality colour illustrations to clarify and simplify various operating techniques Another unique feature of the book which has not been used before in a pediatric surgical text is the use of sophisticated computer animation for the diagnostic accuracy required for the effective treatment of anorectal malformations I congratulate the authors for producing the most comprehensive and welldocumented text ever written on the surgical treatment of colorectal problems in children This book provides an authoritative and complete account of various colorectal problems in children I hope that the trainees as well as the established pediatric surgeons, pediatric urologists and pediatricians will find this textbook useful as a guide when dealing with colorectal problems Dublin, Ireland Prem Puri ix ... 10 7 10 7 10 9 11 0 11 0 11 0 11 7 11 7 11 7 11 8 11 8 11 9 12 2 12 3 12 5 Rectourethral Bulbar Fistula 9 .1 Introduction ... 11 .2.7 Other Associated Defects 16 3 16 3 16 4 16 4 16 4 16 4 16 5 16 5 16 5 16 5 10 4 10 5 10 5 Contents xx 11 .3 Diagnosis 11 .4 Treatment. .. 211 212 212 213 219 219 220 222 223 223 17 9 17 9 17 9 18 0 18 1 Contents xxi 16 Cloaca, Posterior Cloaca and Absent Penis Spectrum 16 .1 Cloaca 16 .1. 1