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Part 2 book Atlas of the human body presentation of content: The endocrine system - Glands and hormones, the cardiovascular system, the lymphatic system and immunity, the digestive system, the urinary system and water balance, water balance water balance,... and other content.
LWBK244-4102G-C07_108-123.qxd 14/12/2008 02:11 PM Page 108 CHAPTER The Endocrine System: Glands and Hormones Coloring Exercise 7-1 ➤ The Endocrine System and the Endocrine Glands The Endocrine System • Glands containing specialized endocrine cells A that produce regulatory chemicals (hormones B ) • Hormones regulate diverse body functions, such as water balance, growth, and reproduction Hormone Action • Hormones: chemical messengers that have specific regulatory effects on certain cells or organs • Mechanism of hormone action: • Endocrine cells A release hormones B • Hormones travel in the bloodstream C to all body cells • Hormones bind specific receptors D (proteins in the cell membrane, cytoplasm, or nucleus) on target cells E • Hormone-bound receptors affect cell activities (e.g., membrane permeability, metabolic reactions, synthesis of specific proteins, cell division F ) • Hormones visit every cell, but only affect specific cells • Target cell E possess specific receptors D that bind the hormone • Nontarget cells G will have different receptors H that bind different hormones The Endocrine Glands • Specialize in hormone secretion • Thyroid gland I (Coloring Exercise 7-6) • Parathyroid glands J (Coloring Exercise 7-2): embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland • Adrenal gland K (Coloring Exercises 7-7, 7-8): consists of the cortex K1 and the medulla K2 • Pancreas L (Coloring Exercise 7-3): also regulates digestion (Coloring Exercise 11-5) • Gonads (testes M , ovaries N ): primarily involved in reproduction • Pituitary gland O (Coloring Exercises 7-4 and 7-5): controls the thyroid gland, adrenal gland, and gonads Other Hormone-Producing Structures • Hypothalamus P , is part of the brain (Coloring Exercise 5-9) • Regulates many bodily functions using both the nervous system and the endocrine system • Works closely with the pituitary gland • Other brain parts, thymus, heart, stomach, duodenum, liver, kidney, and skin also secrete important hormones 108 COLORING INSTRUCTIONS ✍ Color each structure and its corresponding term at the same time, using the same color On the top figure: Color the endocrine cell A in a light color, and the blood vessel C light red Color the hormone molecules B a dark color in the cell and as they journey in the blood to other cells Color the target cell E and the receptor D that binds the hormone Color the two new cells F produced when the hormone binds the receptor Color the nontarget cell G that has receptors H that bind a different hormone COLORING INSTRUCTIONS ✍ Read all instructions before proceeding On the bottom figure: Color the endocrine glands and other hormone-secreting structures ( I to P ) Note that the parathyroid glands J are only visible on the pullout of the thyroid gland (a posterior view) Use related colors for the adrenal gland K and its parts K1 and K2 The pituitary gland O and the hypothalamus P are very small; use bright, contrasting colors for these structures LWBK244-4102G-C07_108-123.qxd 12/11/08 8:18 PM Page 109 LWBK160-3985G-C95_1329-135#C1BC Chapter The Endocrine System: Glands and Hormones A G B C E H D F P O Posterior J I I K K1 K2 L M N J 109 LWBK244-4102G-C07_108-123.qxd 12/11/08 8:18 PM Page 110 LWBK160-3985G-C95_1329-135#C1BC Coloring Exercise 7-2 ➤ The Parathyroid Glands and Calcium Metabolism Calcium Metabolism • Blood calcium (Ca2+ A ) concentration critical for health • Ca2+ levels determined by events in: 2+ • Bone B : bone synthesis reduces T blood Ca , bone breakdown increases 2+ (c) blood Ca 2+ • Kidney C : increased Ca retention increases blood Ca2+, increased Ca2+ loss (in the urine C1) decreases blood Ca2+ 2+ 2+ • Intestine D : increased absorption of dietary Ca increases blood Ca 2+ • Blood Ca levels regulated by coordinated actions of three hormones Parathyroid hormone (PTH) E Calcitonin Vitamin D3 F G Site of Production Parathyroid glands H Thyroid gland Stimulus for Secretion Low blood calcium High blood calcium Parathyroid hormone Overall Action c Blood calcium T Blood calcium c Blood calcium Bone Effects c Bone breakdown c Bone synthesis Kidney Effects Intestine Effects 2+ c Ca E1 retention E2 2+ c Ca Produced in skin; activated in liver and kidney I F1 loss in urine F2 c Ca2+ absorption G1 Regulation of PTH and Calcitonin Synthesis • The bottom figure at right illustrates the regulation of PTH and calcitonin synthesis by negative feedback J • Hormone induces a change, and the change inhibits production of the hormone • The normal blood Ca2+ concentration is six diamonds (representing 9–11 mg/100 mL blood) • Regulation of PTH secretion 2+ • Low blood Ca (four diamonds) stimulates PTH production 2+ • PTH increases blood Ca to normal (six diamonds) • PTH secretion is no longer stimulated 2+ • Note: High blood Ca inhibits PTH secretion • Regulation of calcitonin secretion 2+ • High blood Ca (eight diamonds) stimulates calcitonin production 2+ • Calcitonin decreases blood Ca to normal (six diamonds) • Calcitonin secretion is no longer stimulated 2+ • Note: Low blood Ca inhibits calcitonin secretion 110 COLORING INSTRUCTIONS ✍ Color each figure part and its term at the same time, using the same color On the top figure: Color the calcium ions A in the blood If you wish, color the background of the blood vessel red Color the organs involved in calcium metabolism (bone B , kidney C , and intestine D ) Color both the kidney and the urine C1 yellow Color the hormone names in the terms list ( E , F , G ), using contrasting colors Color the arrows, representing the actions of the different hormones First, color arrows E1 and E2 using the same color used to color PTH E in the terms list Repeat this process for F1 , F2 , and G1 COLORING INSTRUCTIONS ✍ On the bottom figure: Color the parathyroid glands H Color the thyroid gland I The sites of vitamin D3 synthesis are not shown Begin with the left-hand feedback loop, involving PTH Starting at the top, color the Ca2+ ions A , and then the hormone name E Color the changed number of Ca2+ ions A resulting from the hormone action Finally, color the icon representing negative feedback J Repeat steps and for the right-hand feedback loop, involving calcitonin F LWBK244-4102G-C07_108-123.qxd 12/11/08 8:18 PM Page 111 LWBK160-3985G-C95_1329-135#C1BC Chapter The Endocrine System: Glands and Hormones D B A G1 E1 C F1 C1 E2 F2 (Low Ca2+) A (High Ca2) H I J E F ( Ca2+) ( Ca++) A J 111 LWBK244-4102G-C07_108-123.qxd 12/11/08 8:18 PM Page 112 LWBK160-3985G-C95_1329-135#C1BC Coloring Exercise 7-3 ➤ The Pancreas and Glucose Metabolism Glucose Glucose A • Critical energy source, acquired from • Diet (sugars, starches) • Amino acids B (from proteins C ) • Fatty acids (from fats D ) • Blood glucose concentration is tightly regulated • Hypoglycemia: insufficient blood glucose • Hyperglycemia: excess blood glucose • Regulated by pancreatic hormones • Insulin E lowers blood glucose levels – Cells take up and use glucose to meet energy needs, and store the excess • Glucagon F raises blood glucose levels – Liver generates glucose • Growth hormone, epinephrine, and cortisol also raise blood glucose levels Insulin Glucagon E General Effects (muscle cells G , other cells) c Glucose uptake E1 c Glucose breakdown for energy (ATP) E2 c Synthesis of protein from amino acids E3 Liver c Glucose storage (as glycogen I ) E4 H Adipose Effects J Effects F c Glycogen breakdown into glucose F1 c Glucose synthesis from amino acids F2 c Fat synthesis E5 from glucose (multistep pathway) Site of Production Beta cells (pancreas) Stimulus for Secretion High blood sugar (feasting) Low blood sugar (fasting) Overall Action T Blood sugar c Blood sugar K Alpha cells (pancreas) Regulation of Insulin and Glucagon Synthesis • The bottom figure at right illustrates the regulation of insulin and glucagon synthesis by negative feedback M • Normal blood glucose concentration: six hexagons (representing 90 mg/100 mL blood) • Regulation of insulin secretion • Hyperglycemia (8 hexagons) stimulates production • Insulin decreases blood glucose levels to normal (six hexagons) • Insulin secretion is no longer stimulated • Regulation of glucagon secretion • Hypoglycemia (4 hexagons) stimulates production • Glucagon decreases blood glucose to normal (six hexagons) • Glucagon secretion is no longer stimulated 112 L COLORING INSTRUCTIONS ✍ Color each figure part and its name at the same time, using the same color On the top figure: Color the glucose ions A in the blood Lightly color the organs involved in glucose metabolism ( H , G , and J ) Color the nutrients wherever they are found; glucose (hexagons A ), glycogen (hexagon strings I ), amino acids (triangles B ), proteins (triangle strings C ), and fats (ovals D ) Use related colors for A and I , and for B and C Color the arrows representing insulin actions ( E1 to E5 ) using the color used for insulin E Color the arrows representing glucagon actions ( F1 , F2 ) using the color used for glucagon F COLORING INSTRUCTIONS ✍ On the bottom figure: Color the beta K and alpha L cells of the pancreas Begin with the left-hand feedback loop, involving insulin Starting at the top, color the glucose molecules A Color the cartoon representing feasting and then the hormone name E Color the changed number of glucose molecules A resulting from the hormone action Finally, color the arrow representing negative feedback M Repeat step for the right-hand feedback loop, involving glucagon and fasting F LWBK244-4102G-C07_108-123.qxd 12/11/08 8:18 PM Page 113 LWBK160-3985G-C95_1329-135#C1BC Chapter The Endocrine System: Glands and Hormones B H E2 F1 F2 G ATP E3 I E1 E4 C A J D E1 E F (hyperglycemia) A (hypoglycemia) K L M E F A ( glucose) ( glucose) M E5 113 LWBK244-4102G-C07_108-123.qxd 12/11/08 8:18 PM Page 114 LWBK160-3985G-C95_1329-135#C1BC Coloring Exercise 7-4 ➤ The Pituitary Gland: Posterior Lobe Structure of the Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis) • Cherry-sized gland located in a depression of the sphenoid bone, posterior to optic chiasm • Surrounded by bone, except where it connects with the hypothalamus A of the brain by the infundibulum B • Divided into two parts: • Posterior lobe C : nervous tissue • Anterior lobe D : glandular tissue The Hypothalamus and the Posterior Lobe • Posterior lobe is physical extension of the hypothalamus • Individual neurons E synthesize and secrete hormones • Hormones synthesized in the neuron cell body (in the hypothalamus) and secreted from the axon terminal (in the posterior lobe) into capillaries F • Capillaries receive blood from an artery G and drain into a vein H • Posterior lobe hormones travel in the blood stream to any site in the body • Two main hormones synthesized in hypothalamus and released from posterior pituitary gland: • Oxytocin I • Antidiuretic hormone J Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) • Causes water retention • Promotes the reabsorption of water from the kidney K into the blood • Results in reduced volumes of concentrated urine L , increased volumes of dilute blood • Released when an individual is dehydrated M or has low blood pressure (for instance, from bleeding) • ADH deficiency (diabetes insipidus L1 ) causes excessive water loss (large urine volume is produced) Oxytocin • Causes contractions of the uterus N and triggers milk ejection from the breasts O • Used medically to induce labor • Secretion stimulated by the pressure of the baby’s head on the cervix during childbirth and when a baby P nurses COLORING INSTRUCTIONS ✍ Color each part and its name at the same time, using the same color Use light colors to color structures A to D Save red, purple, and blue for later ✍ COLORING INSTRUCTIONS Lightly shade the neurons E Color the hormones ( I and J ) as they pass down the neurons Use orange or brown for J Color blood vessels F , G , and H purple, red, and blue (respectively) ✍ COLORING INSTRUCTIONS Color ADH molecules J as they leave the posterior lobe, the kidney K , the concentrated urine ( L , use dark yellow), and the arrow representing the reduced urine volume Color the cartoon of a situation when ADH secretion will be increased M Color the increased urine volume in a patient with diabetes insipidus L1 Use related colors for all of these parts ✍ COLORING INSTRUCTIONS Color oxytocin molecules I leaving the posterior lobe Color the oxytocin target organs: breast O and uterus N Color the cartoon of a situation when oxytocin secretion will be increased P Use related colors for all of these parts 114 LWBK244-4102G-C07_108-123.qxd 12/11/08 8:18 PM Page 115 LWBK160-3985G-C95_1329-135#C1BC Chapter The Endocrine System: Glands and Hormones M P E A I J B D C F O H I G J K L1 L N 115 LWBK244-4102G-C07_108-123.qxd 12/11/08 8:18 PM Page 116 LWBK160-3985G-C95_1329-135#C1BC Coloring Exercise 7-5 ➤ The Pituitary Gland: Anterior Lobe Anterior Lobe and the Hypothalamus • Remember that the hypothalamus A is connected to the pituitary gland by the infundibulum B • Infundibulum contains neurons extending into the posterior lobe C and blood vessels extending into anterior lobe D • Certain hypothalamic neurons E control anterior pituitary by releasing hormones F Hypothalamic Releasing Hormones • Released from terminal of short axons into blood vessels (the portal circulation G ) • Each releasing hormone regulates the production of specific pituitary hormones • Releasing hormone named after a hormone they affect (see table, below) • Secretion of releasing hormones controlled by negative feedback and neural stimuli (see Coloring Exercises 7-6 and 7-8 for examples) Hormones of the Anterior Lobe • Five types of endocrine cells, specializing in the production of a particular hormone, secrete into a capillary bed H • Capillaries receive blood from an artery I and drain into a vein J • Some anterior pituitary hormones act on their target organs to stimulate the production of other hormones Hormone Actions Releasing Hormones Growth hormone (GH) K Stimulates growth of bones, soft tissues L Promotes protein synthesis Increases blood sugar levels Promotes tissue repair c: GH releasing hormone (GHRH) T: Somatostatin (SRIF) Stimulates milk production in the breast N T: Dopamine Stimulates thyroid hormone production by the thyroid gland P (see Coloring Exercise 7-6) c: Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) Stimulates production of steroids from adrenal gland R , especially cortisol (see Coloring Exercise 7-8) c: Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) Regulates gamete (sperm and egg) production and sex steroid (testosterone, estrogen, progesterone) production from gonads T c: Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) Prolactin M Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) O Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Q Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)/ Luteinizing hormone (LH) S 116 COLORING INSTRUCTIONS ✍ Color each figure part and its name at the same time, using the same color Use light colors to color structures A to D Use the same colors as in the previous Coloring Exercise Save red, blue and purple for later Color the short hypothalamic neurons E that project to the portal circulation Use a dark color for the releasing hormones ( F , circles) as they pass down the neurons Although there are many different releasing hormones, just use one color Lightly shade the portal circulation G , using light purple ✍ COLORING INSTRUCTIONS Color structures H , I , and J dark purple, red, and blue (respectively) Color the growth hormone molecules K and their target organ L , using related colors If you wish, lightly shade the table row discussing growth hormone with the same color Repeat step for the other pituitary hormones ( M O Q S ) and their target organs If you wish, color the names of the hormones produced by the target gland the same color used for the gland For instance, color “cortisol” the same color as the adrenal gland R LWBK244-4102G-C07_108-123.qxd 12/11/08 8:18 PM Page 117 LWBK160-3985G-C95_1329-135#C1BC Chapter The Endocrine System: Glands and Hormones 117 E A F B G C D H I J K M O S Q N L R P T Thyroid Testosterone Estrogen hormones Progesterone Cortisol ™ ✃ LWBK244-4102G-appII_228-248.qxd 12/12/08 7:56 PM Page 234 LWBK160-3985G-C95_1329-135#C1BC ™ ™ FLASHCARD 10 ™ FLASHCARD A1 A A1 A2 E A3 A4 B2 A2 C D C F H G B Anterior view A A A1 A5 A7 D C A8 A6 H B A9 Anterior view ™ D A2 B1 B2 Lateral view Posterior view ™ ™ FLASHCARD 12 ™ FLASHCARD 11 D1 R D1 E1 Q D2 E1 P D3 N D 234 H F D E C G B A V U E D4 E2 Anterior view Posterior view LWBK244-4102G-appII_228-248.qxd 12/12/08 7:56 PM Page 235 LWBK160-3985G-C95_1329-135#C1BC ✃ ™ ™ FLASHCARD 13 Coloring Exercise 3-12 I J K L M O P Q R S T cuboid ᭺ cuneiforms ᭺ navicular ᭺ talus ᭺ calcaneus ᭺ metatarsals ᭺ proximal phalanx ᭺ middle phalanx ᭺ distal phalanx ᭺ fibula ᭺ tibia ᭺ ™ ™ FLASHCARD 14 Coloring Exercise 4-6 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O ™ ™ FLASHCARD 15 Coloring Exercise 4-6 A B C D E F H I L M N frontalis ᭺ obicularis oris ᭺ nasalis ᭺ quadratus labii superioris ᭺ zygomaticus ᭺ obicularis oris ᭺ mentalis ᭺ triangularis ᭺ masseter ᭺ sternocleidomastoid ᭺ temporalis ᭺ frontalis ᭺ obicularis oris ᭺ nasalis ᭺ quadratus labii superioris ᭺ zygomaticus ᭺ obicularis oris ᭺ quadratus labii superioris ᭺ mentalis ᭺ triangularis ᭺ buccinator ᭺ digastricus ᭺ masseter ᭺ sternocleidomastoid ᭺ temporalis ᭺ trapezius ᭺ ™ ™ FLASHCARD 16 Coloring Exercise 4-8 A B C D G H I K M N P trapezius ᭺ latissimus dorsi ᭺ pectoralis major ᭺ serratus anterior ᭺ deltoid ᭺ biceps brachii ᭺ brachioradialis ᭺ brachialis ᭺ flexor carpi radialis ᭺ flexor carpi ulnaris ᭺ flexor digitorum superficialis ᭺ 235 ™ ✃ LWBK244-4102G-appII_228-248.qxd 12/12/08 7:56 PM Page 236 LWBK160-3985G-C95_1329-135#C1BC ™ ™ FLASHCARD 14 ™ FLASHCARD 13 N T S A B C D P K Q G R O H I O K L ™ J ™ ™ FLASHCARD 16 Anterior view G ™ FLASHCARD 15 A C A B D N B H K I D C L F I E M N M P 236 M J F M L I E H LWBK244-4102G-appII_228-248.qxd 12/12/08 7:56 PM Page 237 LWBK160-3985G-C95_1329-135#C1BC ✃ ™ ™ ™ FLASHCARD 17 ™ FLASHCARD 18 Coloring Exercise 4-8 A B E F G J L N O Q R trapezius ᭺ latissimus dorsi ᭺ teres major ᭺ teres minor ᭺ deltoid ᭺ triceps brachii ᭺ extensor carpi radialis longus flexor carpi ulnaris ᭺ extensor carpi ulnaris ᭺ extensor digitorum ᭺ lumbodorsal fascia ᭺ ™ ™ FLASHCARD 19 Coloring Exercise 4-9 B G H I J K L M T sartorius ᭺ gracilis ᭺ adductor magnus ᭺ gluteus medius ᭺ gluteus maximus ᭺ biceps femoris ᭺ semitendinosus ᭺ semimembranosus ᭺ iliotibial tract ᭺ Coloring Exercise 4-9 A B C D E F ᭺ G H T iliopsoas ᭺ sartorius ᭺ rectus femoris ᭺ vastus lateralis ᭺ vastus medialis ᭺ adductor longus ᭺ gracilis ᭺ adductor magnus ᭺ iliotibial tract ᭺ ™ ™ FLASHCARD 20 Coloring Exercise 4-9 N O P Q R S peroneus longus ᭺ tibialis anterior ᭺ gastrocnemius ᭺ soleus ᭺ extensor digitorum longus ᭺ flexor digitorum longus ᭺ 237 ™ ✃ LWBK244-4102G-appII_228-248.qxd 12/12/08 7:56 PM Page 238 LWBK160-3985G-C95_1329-135#C1BC ™ ™ FLASHCARD 18 ™ FLASHCARD 17 Anterior view Posterior view A G F E A J B B T L F C Q G D H R N O E ™ ™ ™ FLASHCARD 20 ™ FLASHCARD 19 Posterior view I J N O P P Q Q R N T H S G B K L M 238 LWBK244-4102G-appII_228-248.qxd 12/12/08 7:56 PM Page 239 LWBK160-3985G-C95_1329-135#C1BC ✃ ™ ™ FLASHCARD 21 Coloring Exercise 4-10 E F I J K L M N sternocleidomastoid ᭺ trapezius ᭺ serratus anterior ᭺ intercostals ᭺ external obliques ᭺ internal obliques ᭺ rectus abdominus ᭺ abdominal aponeurosis ᭺ ™ ™ FLASHCARD 22 Coloring Exercise 5-7 A B F G H I1 I2 J K L M ™ ™ FLASHCARD 23 Coloring Exercise 5-7 A1 A2 B C D E F H cerebral cortex ᭺ cerebral white matter ᭺ corpus callosum ᭺ caudate nucleus ᭺ putamen ᭺ globus pallidus ᭺ hypothalamus ᭺ thalamus ᭺ cerebrum ᭺ corpus callosum ᭺ hypothalamus ᭺ pituitary gland ᭺ thalamus ᭺ cerebellar cortex ᭺ cerebellar medulla ᭺ midbrain ᭺ pons ᭺ medulla oblongata ᭺ spinal cord ᭺ ™ ™ FLASHCARD 24 Coloring Exercise 5-8 A B C D E1 E2 F G H I1 I2 I3 J K central sulcus ᭺ lateral sulcus ᭺ frontal lobe ᭺ primary motor area ᭺ written speech area ᭺ motor speech area ᭺ parietal lobe ᭺ primary sensory area ᭺ temporal lobe ᭺ auditory receiving area ᭺ auditory association area ᭺ Wernicke area ᭺ occipital lobe ᭺ visual receiving area ᭺ 239 ™ ✃ LWBK244-4102G-appII_228-248.qxd 12/12/08 7:56 PM Page 240 LWBK160-3985G-C95_1329-135#C1BC ™ ™ FLASHCARD 22 ™ FLASHCARD 21 F E B A I H K F G J I K J L I N M L M ™ ™ ™ FLASHCARD 24 D C ™ FLASHCARD 23 A G F J A1 E1 A2 B E2 C B K I1 H D I2 I3 H E F 240 LWBK244-4102G-appII_228-248.qxd 12/12/08 7:56 PM Page 241 LWBK160-3985G-C95_1329-135#C1BC ✃ ™ ™ FLASHCARD 25 Coloring Exercise 5-9 A B C D E F G H I J K ™ ™ FLASHCARD 26 choroid plexus ᭺ lateral ventricles ᭺ third ventricle ᭺ interventricular foramina ᭺ fourth ventricle ᭺ cerebral aqueduct ᭺ central canal ᭺ subarachnoid space ᭺ arachnoid villi ᭺ superior sagittal sinus ᭺ straight sinus ᭺ Coloring Exercise 5-10 A B C D E F G H I J K L ™ ™ FLASHCARD 27 G H I I1 J K L L1 M P Q R S sclera ᭺ cornea ᭺ choroid ᭺ iris ᭺ pupil ᭺ ciliary muscle ᭺ suspensory ligament retina ᭺ fovea centralis ᭺ optic nerve ᭺ lens ᭺ aqueous humor ᭺ vitreous body ᭺ conjunctiva ᭺ ™ ™ FLASHCARD 28 Coloring Exercise 6-2 F olfactory ᭺ optic ᭺ oculomotor ᭺ trochlear ᭺ trigeminal ᭺ abducens ᭺ facial ᭺ vestibulocochlear ᭺ glossopharyngeal ᭺ vagus ᭺ accessory ᭺ hypoglossal ᭺ Coloring Exercise 6-5 B C G H I J ᭺ K L M external auditory canal ᭺ tympanic membrane ᭺ malleus ᭺ incus ᭺ stapes ᭺ vestibulocochlear nerve ᭺ semicircular canals ᭺ vestibule ᭺ cochlea ᭺ 241 ™ ™ ™ FLASHCARD 26 A ✃ LWBK244-4102G-appII_228-248.qxd 12/12/08 7:56 PM Page 242 LWBK160-3985G-C95_1329-135#C1BC ™ FLASHCARD 25 B B C A J I D A F H D G K E C F H E I H A G J L K ™ ™ ™ FLASHCARD 28 B ™ FLASHCARD 27 C F G H R S K I H K Q L J G L1 I1 I M P L J M S 242 LWBK244-4102G-appII_228-248.qxd 12/12/08 7:56 PM Page 243 LWBK160-3985G-C95_1329-135#C1BC ✃ ™ ™ FLASHCARD 29 Coloring Exercise 8-6 A B C D E H L U V W superior vena cava ᭺ inferior vena cava ᭺ right atrium ᭺ right AV valve ᭺ right ventricle ᭺ right pulmonary arteries ᭺ right pulmonary vein ᭺ endocardium ᭺ myocardium ᭺ epicardium ᭺ ™ ™ FLASHCARD 30 Coloring Exercise 8-6 F G I M N O P Q R S T ™ ™ FLASHCARD 31 Coloring Exercise 8-9 (Arteries) A B C F G H I J K L ascending aorta ᭺ aortic arch ᭺ thoracic aorta ᭺ coronary ᭺ brachiocephalic ᭺ right subclavian ᭺ right common carotid ᭺ left common carotid ᭺ left subclavian ᭺ intercostal ᭺ pulmonary valve ᭺ pulmonary trunk ᭺ left pulmonary arteries ᭺ left pulmonary vein ᭺ left atrium ᭺ left AV valve ᭺ left ventricle ᭺ aortic valve ᭺ aorta ᭺ chordae tendineae ᭺ papillary muscle ᭺ ™ ™ FLASHCARD 32 Coloring Exercise 8-9 (Arteries) D E M N O P Q R S T U V abdominal aorta ᭺ common iliac ᭺ celiac trunk ᭺ hepatic ᭺ splenic ᭺ left gastric ᭺ renal ᭺ superior mesenteric ᭺ gonadal ᭺ inferior mesenteric ᭺ external iliac ᭺ internal iliac ᭺ 243 ™ ✃ LWBK244-4102G-appII_228-248.qxd 12/12/08 7:56 PM Page 244 LWBK160-3985G-C95_1329-135#C1BC ™ ™ FLASHCARD 30 ™ FLASHCARD 29 A R F G H I M L N C Q O S D T E P B ™ U V W ™ ™ FLASHCARD 32 ™ FLASHCARD 31 I P J O M N H K D Q T G R A B F C E V U 244 S L LWBK244-4102G-appII_228-248.qxd 12/12/08 7:56 PM Page 245 LWBK160-3985G-C95_1329-135#C1BC ✃ ™ ™ FLASHCARD 33 Coloring Exercise 8-10 (Arteries) A B C D E F G H I J K L M aortic arch ᭺ left common carotid ᭺ brachiocephalic ᭺ right common carotid ᭺ right subclavian ᭺ vertebral ᭺ axillary ᭺ brachial ᭺ radial ᭺ ulnar ᭺ volar arches ᭺ volar metacarpals ᭺ digitals ᭺ ™ ™ FLASHCARD 35 Coloring Exercise 8-11 (Arteries) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N brachiocephalic trunk ᭺ right common carotid ᭺ right external carotid ᭺ superior thyroid ᭺ facial ᭺ labial ᭺ maxillary ᭺ superficial temporal ᭺ temporal ᭺ frontal ᭺ occipital ᭺ right subclavian ᭺ right vertebral ᭺ right internal carotid ᭺ ™ ™ FLASHCARD 34 Coloring Exercise 8-10 (Arteries) N O P Q R S T U V W X Y left common iliac ᭺ internal iliac ᭺ external iliac ᭺ femoral ᭺ deep femoral ᭺ popliteal ᭺ genicular ᭺ anterior tibial ᭺ dorsalis pedis ᭺ dorsal metatarsals ᭺ posterior tibial ᭺ peroneal ᭺ ™ ™ FLASHCARD 36 Coloring Exercise 8-11 (Arteries) M N O P Q R S T U right vertebral ᭺ right internal carotid ᭺ basilar ᭺ right posterior cerebral ᭺ right posterior communicating ᭺ right middle cerebral ᭺ right anterior cerebral ᭺ anterior communicating ᭺ left vertebral ᭺ 245 ™ ✃ LWBK244-4102G-appII_228-248.qxd 12/12/08 7:56 PM Page 246 LWBK160-3985G-C95_1329-135#C1BC ™ ™ FLASHCARD 34 ™ FLASHCARD 33 N D O B F E P A C R Q G S H T I J U X K Y L V M W ™ ™ ™ FLASHCARD 36 ™ FLASHCARD 35 Cerebrum (frontal lobe) T S J I H R G K N Q O P F N E M Medulla C D U M B Cerebellum Spinal cord 246 L A LWBK244-4102G-appII_228-248.qxd 14/12/2008 02:13 PM Page 247 ✃ ™ ™ Coloring Exercise 8-12 (Veins) Coloring Exercise 8-13 (Veins) ™ FLASHCARD 37 A B C D E F G H I J K L M internal jugular ᭺ external jugular ᭺ brachiocephalic ᭺ superior vena cava ᭺ intercostal ᭺ azygos ᭺ volar digitalis ᭺ cephalic ᭺ basilic ᭺ median cubital ᭺ brachial ᭺ axillary ᭺ subclavian ᭺ ™ FLASHCARD 38 A B C D E M N O P inferior vena cava ᭺ hepatic ᭺ renal ᭺ gonadal ᭺ lumbar ᭺ external iliac ᭺ internal iliac ᭺ right common iliac ᭺ left common iliac ᭺ ™ ™ Coloring Exercise 8-13 (Veins) Coloring Exercise 8-14 (Veins) ™ FLASHCARD 39 F G H I J K L dorsal digitalis ᭺ venous arch ᭺ small saphenous ᭺ tibial ᭺ popliteal ᭺ femoral ᭺ great saphenous ᭺ ™ FLASHCARD 40 A B E F G H I J K L M N O P superficial temporal ᭺ external jugular ᭺ occipital ᭺ vertebral ᭺ inferior sagittal sinus ᭺ straight sinus ᭺ superior sagittal sinus ᭺ confluence ᭺ ophthalmic ᭺ cavernous sinus ᭺ petrosal sinuses ᭺ transverse sinus ᭺ facial ᭺ internal jugular ᭺ 247 ™ ✃ LWBK244-4102G-appII_228-248.qxd 12/12/08 7:56 PM Page 248 LWBK160-3985G-C95_1329-135#C1BC ™ ™ FLASHCARD 38 ™ FLASHCARD 37 A A B M C L D H B E I K J P C E F H O I D N G M ™ ™ ™ FLASHCARD 40 I ™ FLASHCARD 39 A G K K H N M L L J J E P I O B H F G P F 248 Download more eBooks here: http://avaxhome.ws/blogs/ChrisRedfield ... LWBK244-4102G-C08_ 124 -155.qxd 12/ 12/ 2008 04:09 PM Page 129 Aptara Inc Chapter The Cardiovascular System 129 F E B B D B G B A G G C G H H H1 K Blood O2 J I I L Blood O2 H H2 LWBK244-4102G-C08_ 124 -155.qxd 12/ 12/ 2008 04:09... indicate the direction of blood flow on the diagram Repeat step two for the systemic circulation, beginning with the left atrium 126 LWBK244-4102G-C08_ 124 -155.qxd 12/ 12/ 2008 04:09 PM Page 127 Aptara... oxygenated blood The pathway of blood flow is shown in the flowchart of Coloring Exercise 8 -2 LWBK244-4102G-C08_ 124 -155.qxd 12/ 12/ 2008 04:09 PM Page 135 Aptara Inc Chapter The Cardiovascular