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After this chapter the student should have acquired the following knowledge and skills: Act as a communication champion rather than just as an information processor, use key elements of effective listening and understand why listening is important to leadership communication, recognize and apply the difference between dialogue and discussion,...
Art of Leadership & Motivation HRM – 760 Lecture 10 FACILITATOR Prof Dr Mohammad Majid Mahmood Critical Thinking – a critical skill for effective leaders Your Thinking can either Trap You hold you hostage within uncritically held beliefs Free You Open your mind to new ways of thinking Who SHOULD think critically? Who SHOULD think critically? Who Are You? You are… Qualifications & Experience Values & Passions Talents & Skills Personality & Preferences And more…… “Imagination is more important than knowledge” Einstein Thinking Outside the Box: Einstein If you think you can, you can If you think you can't you can`t Thinking Critically means… • Examining different viewpoints • Learn to think from different perspectives • View those opinions which differ from yours • Avoid automatic responses Definition of Critical Thinking the ability to analyze facts, generate and organize ideas, defend opinions, make comparisons, draw inferences, evaluate arguments and solve problems (Chance,1986, p. 6) Chance, P. (1986). Thinking in the classroom: A survey of programs. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University. Definitions of Critical Thinking • “reasonable reflective thinking that is focused on deciding what to do and what to believe” OR • “interpreting, analyzing or evaluating information, arguments or experiences” OR • “examining the thinking of others to improve our own” Ennis, R. (1992). Critical thinking: What is it? Proceedings of the FortyEighth Annual Meeting of the Philosophy of Education Society Denver, Colorado, March 2730. Critical Thinking • In undertaking your critical thinking, you should be: – Persistent and careful and do not jump to conclusions – Look for the grounds that support a belief or position: • Reasons – Be aware of the further conclusions to which it tends: • Implications Critical Thinking helps • • • • • To recognize propaganda To analyze hidden assumptions in arguments To recognize deliberate deception To assess credibility of information To work through problems/decisions in the best way Harpern, 1996 We don’t achieve excellence in thinking with no end in view. Thinking that Grasps the Logic of Things A product of intellectual work that makes no sense, that cannot be rationally analyzed and assessed, that cannot be incorporated into other intellectual work, or used — and hence that cannot play a role in any discipline is meaningless. Whether we are designing a new screwdriver, or figuring out how to deal with our children’s misbehavior, we must order our ideas into a system of meanings that make sense to us Dr. Richard Paul and Dr. Linda Elder, The Foundation for Critical Thinking Press, 2010 26 ALL THINKING IS NOT OF THE SAME QUALITY Aimless Thinking: We are naturally proficient at daydreaming and fantasizing. Lacks a purpose. Few people need training in aimless thinking. Thinking that is random, that roams aimlessly is not critical High Quality Thinking: Has a purpose. We originate and produce with a sense of why we are doing so When thinking takes on a challenging task, the mind comes alive, ready for intellectual labor for the achievement of its goal Dr. Richard Paul and Dr. Linda Elder, The Foundation for Critical Thinking Press, 2010 27 Critical Thinking is a selfdirected process by which we take deliberate steps to think at the highest level of quality Discussion Question Are we reluctant to change our perceptions and ideas to accommodate the facts? Should You Believe Everything You See? • Perception is learned from both our own experience and through interaction with others Perception • We often see and hear what we want to see and hear, based upon our past experiences, interests, motives, expectations; to stay within our comfort zone What does the absence of Critical Thinking look like? • We blindly accept all statements • We blindly believe TV commercials • We blindly follow others People Don’t Always Use Critical Thinking Skills It is not uncommon for people to say… “I thought it was no big deal.” “I just wasn’t thinking” “How was I supposed to know?” “I can’t think of everything!” “My bad luck……” People who have poor critical thinking skills are “their own worst enemies.” 33 Thank you Thank you for your kind attention! for your kind attention! FACILITATOR Prof. Dr. Mohammad Majid Mahmood Bagram ... “examining the thinking of others to improve our own” Ennis, R. (1992). Critical thinking: What is it? Proceedings of the FortyEighth Annual Meeting of the Philosophy of Education Society Denver, Colorado, March 2730. ... our ideas into a system of meanings that make sense to us Dr. Richard Paul and Dr. Linda Elder, The Foundation for Critical Thinking Press, 2 010 26 ALL THINKING IS NOT OF THE SAME QUALITY Aimless Thinking:... Avoid automatic responses Definition of Critical Thinking the ability to analyze facts, generate and organize ideas, defend opinions, make comparisons, draw inferences, evaluate arguments and solve problems