English 12 Chau Phu High School Unit 1 : LANGUAGE FOCUS I. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE: • CÔNG THỨC: 1. Đối với động từ “ TO BE “: EX: -I am a pupil. - I am not a pupil. - Are you a pupil ? - He is intelligent - He is not intelligent . - Is he intelligent ? 2. Đối với động từ thường: • V 1 : động từ chia dưới dạng . • Động từ thêm “ES” khi động từ tận cùng là: S, SH, CH, X, O, Z . • Động từ tận cùng là “ Y “, đứng trước nó là một phụ âm thì đổi “ -Y” -> “ -IES”. EX: - We go to school on time everyday. - Do you go to school on time everyday ? - The Earth moves around the sun. - Does the Earth move around the sun ? - It doesn’t rain in the dry season. - Does it rain in the dry season ? • CÁCH DÙNG:  Ta dùng thì Simple Present để diễn tả một câu nói chung chung, một sự thật hiển nhiên, một thói quen hoặc một sự việc xảy ra thường xuyên ở hiện tại.  Các trạng từ thường dùng : always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, everyday, every year, . . . 1. Habit (thói quen) Marie runs two miles everyday. (Marie chạy 2 dăm mỗi ngày) 2. Routine(hằng ngày) She gets up at 6:30 am and goes to bed at 10:00 pm 3. Permanent situation (sự việc cố đònh) The university is on 3/2 street. 4. Fact (sự thật hiển nhiên) - Water freezes at 32 0 Fahrenheit, 0 0 centigrate. (nước đông lại ở 32 độ F, 0 độ C) - The earth revolves around the moon. 5. Generalization (khái niệm chung) - Infants usually take two naps a day; toddlers take only one. (em bé thường ngủ 2 lần 1 ngày; bé mới biết đi chỉ ngủ 1 lần. - Not many people retire before they are sixty. (không nhiều người nghỉ hưu trước 60) 6. Definition (đònh nghóa) A: What does instruct mean? B: Instruct means teach Academic Year: 2008-2009 1 S+ AM / IS / ARE . . . S+ AM / IS / ARE + NOT . . AM / IS / ARE + S . .? I, WE, YOU, THEY + V 1 HE, SHE, IT + V S/ES S + DON’T + V 1 DOESN’T DO + S + V 1 ? DOES English 12 Chau Phu High School II. SIMPLE PAST TENSE: • CÔNG THỨC: 1. Đối với động từ “ TO BE “: EX: - He was at home last night. - He was not at home last night. - They were at school yesterday. - Were they at school yesterday ? 2. Đối với động từ thường : EX: - I visited my grandparents 2 days ago. - I didn’t visit my gandparents 2 days ago. - My sister bought this pen yesterday. – Did your sister buy this pen yesterday ? • CÁCH DÙNG:  Ta dùng thì Past Simple để diễn tả một hành động hay một sự việc đã bắt đầu và kết thúc tại một thời điểm xác đònh trong quá khứ.  Các trạng từ: yesterday, ago, last ( week, year, . . .) , in + year in the past ( in 1990 ) . . . 1. A completed Action (một hành động đã kết thúc trong Qk) - People built this school over 100 years ago. 2. Habit (thói quen trong quá khứ) Marie ran two miles everyday when she was young. (Marie chạy 2 dăm mỗi ngày lúc còn trẻ) 3. Routine(sự việchằng ngày trong QK, đã từng xảy ra nhưng bây giờ không còn) - It rained everyday last week. - He worked in that bank for four years. (He used to work in that bank for four years.) 4. Historical events (sự kiện mang tính lòch sử) - Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. - Pasteur died in 1895. 5. Asking about Time, Manner, in the past.(hỏi về tg, cách thức làm việc gì trong QK) - When did you meet him? - How did you get your present job? 6. Short Actions happened right after the others. (hành động ngắn xảy ra ngay sau hành động ngắn trước theo trình tự thời gian) - Tom entered the room and stopped. He listened carefully. Academic Year: 2008-2009 2 I, HE, SHE IT + WAS WE, YOU, THEY + WERE S + WAS + NOT . . WERE WAS + S . . .? WERE S + V ED / V 2 S + DIDN’T + V O DID + S + V O ? English 12 Chau Phu High School III. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE: - Cách dùng: diễn tả một sự việc sẽ xảy ra tại một thời điểm trong tương lai. - Các trạng từ : tomorrow, next ( week, year, . . .), in + year in the future (in 2010 ) . . . - Công thức: IV. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE : • CÔNG THỨC: EX: - We are learning English now. - What are you learning now ? - Listen ! Someone is knocking the door. - Tom is not writing his lesson. • CÁCH DÙNG: - diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra ở hiện tại, ngay lúc nói ra. - Các trạng từ : now, right now, at the moment, at this moment, at present, . . . - Động từ “ To Be “ và các động từ chỉ giác quan, cảm xúc, tình cảm như :hear, see, smell, love, like, . . . thường không dùng với thì tiếp diễn. 1. An Action happening at the moment of speaking (một hành động đang xảy ra lúc được đề cập) - A: What are you doing? B: I’m looking for my umbrella. - It’s raining hard right now. 2. Present continous focus on an activity in progress, The Simple Present describe the situation in general (HTTD diễn tả hành động đang tiếp diễn, HTĐ diễn tả chung chung) - Mark: Where is your brother today? Paul: He’s working right now. He works at the pharmacy on main street.  NOTE 1 : STATIVE VERBS (các động từ chỉ trạng thái) không dùng thì tiếp diễn. Some kinds of Stative Verbs: Types Verbs Examples 1. Description (miêu tả) Be, resemble(giống với), look like (trông giống), look (trông có vẻ), seem = appear = sound (có vẻ), contain (chứa đựng), include (gồm có), lack (thiếu) - Peter is at home now. - He seems happy with his job. - That sounds interesting. - We lack the latest medical discoveries. Academic Year: 2008-2009 3 I, WE + SHALL + V O S(các ngôi)+ WILL + V O S + SHALL + NOT + V O + WILL SHALL + S + V O ? WILL S+AM/IS/ARE+V-ING S+AM/IS/ARE +NOT+V-ING AM/ IS/ ARE + S+ V-ING? English 12 Chau Phu High School 2. Possession & Relationship. (sở hữu và quan hệ) Have / has, possess = own (sở hữu), belong to (thuộc về), depend on (phụ thuộc), - Diane has a new baby. - The baby depends on her mother. 3. Measurements ( đo lường) Weigh (cân nặng), measure (đo), cost (có trò giá….) - This bicycle weighs 25 pounds. - It costs too much. 4. Senses (giác quan) Feel (cảm thấy), hear(nghe thấy), see (thấy), taste (nếm thấy), smell (ngửi thấy) - I feel sick. 5. Emotions and Attitudes (cảm xúc và thái độ) Love, like, appreciate = value (đánh giá cao), dislike, hate, mind (ngần ngại), want, need, prefer, wish - They appreciate our help. - She dis like him. - I prefer tea to coffee. 6. Ideas (ý kiến) Know, think, believe, recognize(nhận, công nhận), remember, understand, mean - They know the answer now. - I don’t recognize anyone in that photo. - What do you mean?  NOTE 2 : Present Continuous có thể dùng để đề cập đến sự việc đã được lên kế hoạch trong tương lai, đã được sắp xếp. Trong câu luôn có những trạng từ: tomorrow, next week, on Sunday………… Example: Jeff: What are you going to do with your car? Otto: Well, we spoke to the car dealer downtown, and we’re selling it to him next week. V. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE : • CÔNG THỨC: EX: - He was watching a football match on T.V at 9 o’ clock last night. - What were you doing at one o’clock this afternoon ? - While my mother was cooking in the kitchen, my sister was washing her clothes. • CÁCH DÙNG: + diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra tại một cụ thể trong quákhư (at 9 o’clock yesterday…, at this time yesterday . + diễn tả một sự việc đang diễn ra ở quá khứ thì một sự việc quá khứ khác xảy đến (được vối với nhau bằng các trạng từ chỉ thời gian: When, As , While. + diễn tả hai hành động xảy ra cùng một lúc trong quá khứ.(While) VI. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE : • CÔNG THỨC: Academic Year: 2008-2009 4 S + WAS +V-ING WERE S + WAS + NOT + V-ING WERE WAS + S + V-ING ? WERE I, WE, YOU, THEY + HAVE + V ED / V 3 HE, SHE, IT + HAS + V ED / V 3 English 12 Chau Phu High School EX: - I have already seen this play. - My father has just come home from London. - They have lived here for 5 years. - Have you finished your homework yet ? - No, I haven’t. • CÁCH DÙNG: + diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng không xác đònh rõ thời gian. + diễn tả một hành động vừa mới xảy ra(just) hoặc chưaxảy ra (yet). + diễn tả một hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ mà còn tiếp tục đến hiện tại( For, Since). - Các trạng từ : since, for, just, recently, already, yet, ever, never, several times , many times, so far, lately, once, twice. . .How long…?, Since when……? 1. Express the event happenning at an indefinite time (diễn tả sự việc xảy ra không xác đònh về thời gian) - I’ve read that book already. It’s fascinating. (Tôi đã đọc sách đó rồi. Nó hay lắm. - He’s seen that movie many times. (anh ấy đã xem phim đó nhiều lần rồi). - Paul: Have you ever ridden a motorbike? Mark: I’ve sat on one, but I’ve never taken a ride. 2. An action continuing up to now.(1 hành động kéo dài đến hiện tại) - I’ve lived here for ten years. - We’ve lived here since 1998. - How long have you learned English? Academic Year: 2008-2009 5 S + HAVE + NOT +V ED / V 3 HAS HAVE + S + V ED / V 3 ? HAS English 12 Chau Phu High School VII. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE : - Cách dùng : tương tự thì Hiện tại hoàn thành, nhưng nhấn mạnh sự kéo dài của hành động. - Công thức : VIII. PAST PERFECT TENSE : -Cách dùng : diễn tả một hành động đã hoàn thành trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ hoặc trước một thời điểm trong quá khứ. - Các trạng từ : after, before, by the time, when . . . - Công thức : EX:- After he had finished his work, he went home. IX. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE : - Cách dùng : tương tự thì Quá khứ hoàn thành, nhưng nhấn mạnh sự kéo dài của hành động - Công thức : EX: The police had been looking for the criminal for two years before they caught him. SEQUENCE OF TENSES: ( IN ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIME ) 1. • Thì tương lai đơn không dùng trong mệnh đề chỉ thời gian. EX:- I will wait here until you come back. - When I see her tomorrow, I will tell her a story. - She will phone me as soon as she gets to Paris. Academic Year: 2008-2009 6 SIMPLE FUTURE SIMPLE PRESENT (When, until, after, as soon as ) S + HAVE + BEEN + V-ING HAS S + HAVE + NOT + BEEN + V-ING HAS HAVE + S + BEEN + V-ING ? HAS S + HAD + V ED / V 3 S + HAD + NOT + V ED / V 3 HAD + S + V ED / V 3 ? * EX:- I have been studying English for 7 years. - How long have you been studying English? S + HAD + BEEN + V-ING English 12 Chau Phu High School 2. • Thì hiện tại hoàn thành được dùng để nhấn mạnh sự hoàn thành của hành động. EX:- We will go as soon as you have finished your homework. 3. EX:- Call Jack when you see him. - Wait here until it stops raining. - Think carefully before you answer my question. 4. • Hai hành động ngắn xảy ra kế tiếp nhau hoặc các hành động xảy ra theo một trình tự được kể lại. EX: - When I heard a knock at the door last night, I walked to the door and opened it. When I opened the door, I saw my brother. I greeted him and asked him to come in. 5. • Hành động kéo dài, đang diễn ratrong quá khứ : Past continuous. • Hành động ngắn, đột ngột, xảy ra sau : Simple past. EX: - When I met her, she was playing the piano. - While he was driving home yesterday, he saw an old friend. 6. • Hai hành động diễn ra cùng một lúc trong quá khứ. EX:- Last night while I was learning my lesson, my brother was watching T.V. Academic Year: 2008-2009 7 SIMPLE FUTURE PRESENT PERFECT ( Until, as soon as, by the time ) IMPERATIVE MOOD SIMPLE PRESENT (When, until, before ) SIMPLE PAST SIMPLE PAST ( When, as ) SIMPLE PAST PAST CONTINUOUS ( When, as, while ) PAST CONTINUOUS PAST CONTINUOUS ( While ) English 12 Chau Phu High School 7. • Hành động xảy ra trước ( trong quá khứ ) : Past perfect. • Hành động xảy ra sau : Simple past. EX: - He had done his homework before he went to school yesterday. - She phoned me after she had passed the exam. - By the time my father came back, I had finished all my work. 8. EX: - She has learnt English since she was ten years old. - Since classes began, I have not been free. 9. EX: Don’t smoke while you are talking to me. EXERCISE 1: GIVE THE CORRECT TENSES OF THE VERBS IN BRACKETS : 1. Albert Maltz was a progressive American writer. He (1-be) born in 1908. He ( 2-write ) his first play “ Peace on Earth” in 1943. It was against wars, so the American police ( 3-arrest ) him and ( 4-put ) him in prison in 1950. 2. Mai ( 1- come ) back a moment ago and ( 2-turn ) the television on very loudly. My son ( 3-sleep) then, so I ( 4- tell ) her to turn it off. Academic Year: 2008-2009 8 SIMPLE PAST PAST PERFECT ( After, before, by the time, when ) PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE PAST ( Since ) DON’T + V PRESENT CONTINUOUS ( While ) English 12 Chau Phu High School 3. Last Friday was a holiday. I didn’t have to go to school. I ( 1-sleep ) a little later than usual. Around ten, my friend Larry ( 2- come ) over to my apartment. We ( 3-pack ) a picnic basket and then ( 4-take ) the bus to Forest Park. We ( 5-spend ) most of the day there. 4. Mary and John are neighbours. They ( 1-know ) each other for serveral years. Mary (2-move ) into her house in 1985, and John (3-live ) next door since he (4-come ) to the area in 1980. 5. Dennis Heal is a politician. He ( 1-go ) to Oxford University in 1950 and ( 2-become ) a member of Parliament for the Labour Party in 1957. He ( 3-be ) an MP since then. He 4-write ) three story books including his autobiography. He is married to the artist, Anna Heal, and they ( 5-have ) two children. They (6-live ) in Oxford for 15 years, then (7-move) to London in 1970. They now (8-live ) in Cadogan Square in central London. 6. Paul Carrack is a musician and a singer. He ( 1-be ) in the music business for over 20 years. He ( 2-start ) playing professionally while he ( 3-be ) at school. He ( 4-travel ) all over the world. He ( 5-have ) his first hit record in 1974. So far he (6- make ) a lot of records. Young people in American and Britain ( 7-know ) his name and they never ( 8-forget ) his number one song “ The Living Years”. 7. Dear Jill, Here I am in New York! I (1-be ) here for two weeks now and it ( 2-be ) very interesting. My friend, Nancy, whom I ( 3-meet ) in London in 1982, (4- live ) in New york for 3 years, so she ( 5- know ) all about it. Yesterday, we ( 6-go ) to China town and ( 7-eat ) hot dogs there. We ( 8-visit ) the Statue of Liberty this Sunday. Back on the 19. 8. It’s 6.00 p.m. Mary is at home. She ( 1-have ) dinner. She always (2-have ) dinner with her family around six o’clock. 9. Jong ( 1-speak ) Chinese. Chinese is his native language, but right now he ( 2-speak ) English. 10. While I (1-walk ) to class yesterday morning, I (2-see) Abdullah. We ( 3-say ) hello and (4-walk ) the rest of the way to school together. 11. When I (1-hear) a knock at the door last night, I (2-walk ) to the door and (3-open ) it. When I (4-open ) the door, I ( 5.see) my brother. I (6-greet ) him and (7-ask ) him come in. Academic Year: 2008-2009 9 English 12 Chau Phu High School 12. My cousin and I (1-watch ) a movie on TV last night when my brother (2-come). He ( 3-watch ) the end of the movie with us. 13. Mrs Reed (1-turn ) on the radio in her car while she (2-drive ) home yesterday. She (3-listen ) to some music when she suddenly (4- hear ) a siren. She ( 5- look ) in her mirror and ( 6-see) an ambulance behind her. She immediately ( 7-pull) her car to the side of the road and ( 8-wait) for the ambulance to pass. 14. My mother called me around five o’clock. My husband came home a little after that. When he ( 1-come ) home, I (2-talk ) to my mother on the phone. 15. Yesterday afternoon I (1-go ) to visit the Parker family. When I ( 2-get ) there around two o’clock, Mrs Parker ( 3-be ) in the yard. She ( 4-plant) flowers in her garden. Mr Parker (5-be) in the garage. He ( 6-work) on their car. The children ( 7-play ) in the front yard. 16. Jack moved to Hong Kong after he graduated from the university. Jack ( 1-be ) in Hong Kong since he ( 2- graduate). 17. Jack ( 4-break) his leg five days ago. He’s in hospital. He ( 5-be) in hospital since he (6-break) his leg. 18. Ted Holt arrived at the station at five past seven to catch the train. “Please (1-wait ) for me”, he shouted and jumped on the train. But the train (2-not move ). “I wonder why the train (3- not leave ) yet”, he said to the man next to him. “It always (4-leave) at seven twenty”, the man (5-reply). Ted suddenly (6-realize) he(7-be) on the wrong train! “The train to Plimton (8- already, go )”, the man told him. 19. Yesterday, I (1-go) to my daughter’s dance recital. I (2-be never) to a dance recital before. I (3- not take) dancing lessons when I was a child. 20. In the evenings I often (1-play ) chess with my next door neighbour. I (2-play) chess with him ever since I (3-come ) to live here ten years ago. He (4 -be) here all his life. He (5-inherit) the house from his father, another great chess player. Academic Year: 2008-2009 10 [...]... use English to address their students (LECTURE) English is an _ language to master (IMPORTANCE) English provides ready _to world scholarship and world trade (ACCESSIBLE) Pilots use English to ask for landing _ in Cairo (INSTRUCT) Who is the of this building? (POSSESS) Academic Year: 2008-2009 22 English 12 Chau Phu High School 8 What’s his _ ? Is he English. .. bad at English  I wish (I were good at English. ) Past wish: a- What a pity my girl friend didn’t go to my birthday party  I wish ( my girl friend had gone to my birthday party.) b- Nam is sorry now that he didn’t accept the job • Academic Year: 2008-2009 30 English 12 Chau Phu High School  Nam now wishes that ( he had accepted the job ) • a b Future wish: I’m sorry I can’t speak English. .. 2008-2009 17 ( +adj ) + NOUN English 12 Chau Phu High School Ex: -There is a to minimise problem ( TEND) -Most children are ill-prepared for _ (EMPLOY) -He has suffered many _ in his new job (DISAPPOINT) I Verb: động từ dùng để diễn tả hành động, nó thường đứng sau chủ ngữ S+V+O Notes: V -> tense / voice Ex: -Nothing could _ her (SATISFACTORY) -They the newcomers yesterday (EXPECT)... ……(5.be) a correspondent and she ………(6.travel) all over western and eastern Europe, and many parts of South America 4 NĂM HỌC 1999- 2000: Academic Year: 2008-2009 11 English 12 Chau Phu High School Mr William is an English writer He writes newspaper articles and film reviews Some years ago he …………(1.write) short stories But at the moment he …………(2.write) a biography of Leonard Benson, the jazz musician... 39 His failure should be _ 40 He is _ with his new job (OCCUPATION) 41 You can get treatment in this hospital 42 In this winter you can enjoy useful for long evenings 43 The course itself four months 44 We are _ news from her (EXPECT) 45 They _ the new comers yesterday afternoon (EXPECT) 46 It is not to... speak English well I wish I could speak English well • Sentence Transformation : 1 IF UNLESS + Qui tắc: - Không thay đổi thì - Chỉ thay đổi ở mệnh đề IF / UNLESS: phủ đònh khẳng đònh EX a- If you are not careful, you will cut yourself with that knife  Unless (you are careful, you will cut yourself with that knife.) b- Unless you like this one, I’ll bring you another Academic Year: 2008-2009 28 English. .. Academic Year: Each of 2008-2009 personal pronoun + plural noun -> singular V 13 English 12 Chau Phu High School EX: - Each of you has an exercise-book - Every of us has one already 7 Gerund phrase + -> singular V To infinitive phrase EX: -Learning English is difficult - To see is to believe 8 The + Adjective -> plural V EX: - The English drive on the left-hand side of the road - The poor are helped by government.. .English 12 Chau Phu High School 22 When I (1-open) the door I saw a man on his knees He clearly (2-listen) to our conversation and I (3-wonder) how much he (4-hear) When I (5-ask) him what he (6-do), he said that he (7-drop) a 50 p piece outside the door and (8-look) for it 23 Mary (1-have) to go to New York last week, but she almost (2-miss) the plane... boy was given a prize for regular _ (ATTEND) 5 My new car is more than the one I had before (ECONOMY) 6 He is a _ boy He is always asking questions (CURIOSITY) 7 Ho Chi Minh is an important _ centre (COMMERCE) 8 Treating diseases by the lasers is really a _ (MIRACULOUS) Academic Year: 2008-2009 25 English 12 Chau Phu High School 9 He has stood for two hours... subtract, multiply and divide with (accurate) 4 Things are going along ( nice ) II.NĂM HỌC 1999- 2000 (chuyên ban) : Academic Year: 2008-2009 26 English 12 Chau Phu High School 1 The _( economy) side of the question must be considered 2 On New Year’s Day in 1942 representatives of member states met and signed a _(declare) of common intent 3 Early upbring in the home is ( natural) . 3 ? * EX:- I have been studying English for 7 years. - How long have you been studying English? S + HAD + BEEN + V-ING English 12 Chau Phu High School. 1999- 2000: Academic Year: 2008-2009 11 English 12 Chau Phu High School Mr. William is an English writer. He writes newspaper articles and film reviews. Some