VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI INSTITUTE OF VIETNAMESE STUDIES AND DEVELOPMENT SCIENCES VU THU HUYEN SOCIO-ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION OF SAI SON COMMUNE, QUOC OAI DISTRICT, HA NOI CITY IN PERIOD FROM 1986 TO 2010 MASTER THESIS MAJOR: VIETNAMESE STUDIES HANOI, 2014 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI INSTITUTE OF VIETNAMESE STUDIES AND DEVELOPMENT SCIENCES VU THU HUYEN SOCIO-ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION OF SAI SON COMMUNE, QUOC OAI DISTRICT, HA NOI CITY IN PERIOD FROM 1986 TO 2010 Master thesis, major: Vietnamese studies Code: 60 22 01 13 Supervisor: Prof.Dr Truong Quang Hai Hanoi, 2014 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis is the result of training process in Institute of Vietnamese studies & Science of Development as well as my process of surveying and researching last time First of all, my profound thanks are due to Prof Dr Truong Quang Hai who guided me and spent valuable time to explain and make orientation for my research The thesis is successful thanks to his important help Secondly, I would like to give my sincere thanks to the teachers presenting lectures at the sixth class of master’s degree as well to the teachers in Management Board of the Institute and Training Department providing me the best conditions in studying progress to complete this thesis Finally, I would like to give my thanks to my family, friends encouraging me to study and research Sincerely! Ha Noi, August 12, 2014 Student Vu Thu Huyen DECLARATION I certify that no part of this thesis is copied or reproduced by me from any other someone’s work without acknowledgement and that the thesis is originally written by me under strict guidance of my supervisor Prof.Dr Truong Quang Hai Student Vu Thu Huyen CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS DECLARATION LIST OF TABLES ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS DECLARATION LIST OF FINGURES ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS DECLARATION INTRODUCTION Rationale of the thesis Comprehensive socioeconomic process of Doi Moi in our country has gone through journey of more than twenty years (1986-2010) and transformed socioeconomic aspects of Vietnam towards industrial moderniration Doi Moi has created two trends of industrialization - modernization and urbanization at a rapid speed The areas impacted the most by two trends are suburban areas, particularly suburb areas Thus, the appearance of agriculture, rural areas and farmers of Vietnamese suburban areas also changes notably In addition to the opportunities and advantages that those trends brought these areas face many challenges and difficulties Sai Son commune of Quoc Oai district is a suburban agricultural commune in Hanoi From 1986 to now it is mostly affected by policies of Doi Moi process and urbanization trend; especially in recent decade, increasing suburban factor has enhanced its manitudes The dynamic of inhabitants catching up with changes inpolicies creates positive movement in Sai Son rural Local authorities and households here, by learning from experiences, gain achievements in the economic restructuring in general and agricultural restructuring in particular, (developing towards the production of goods ) In the district, industrial parks and urban neighborhoods have been invested There are structural changes in cultivation, livestock breeding, agro-processing, in direction of gradually building a modern urban area This process not only changes the structure of physical space, but it also changes the living conditions, living labor, advancement opportunities and the lifestyle, the psychology of the people living here Here there are some new and modern elements of urban culture, the dissemination of cultural products, of literary or artistic value, importing of lifestyle, communication style, and civilized behavior , known as new cutural nuance of the village It can be said that the appearance of agriculture, rural area and farmers is more modern and civilized despite of inevitably negative elements existing or arising Studying socio-economic transformations in the suburban areas since Doi Moi has been of interest by many authors but the focus is only on the first 10 years of Doi Moi and limited within the study area of a district There has been no prior mention on Sai Son commune in the period from 1986 to present, during which socio-economic situation of suburban areas as Sai Son was significantly under of nationwide modernization and urbanization There were some studies on this problem, however the strongest transformations including positive and negative impacts of the above factors were not yet mentioned Moreover, they are often studies of the specialized sciences such as history, economics, geography with incomprehensive results Therefore, based on the interdisciplinary approach in area studies, the study on“Socio-economic transformation of Sai Son commune, Quoc Oai district, Ha Noi city in period from 1986 to 2010” has scientific as well as practical significance and urgent nature Listerature review The contents of the study are economic transformations of a suburban countryside, which is an agricultural village so the transformations are also associated with agriculture, rural and farmers Researching socio-economic transformations in rural areas since the beginning of Doi Moi has to stem necessarily from the situation of agriculture, rural and farmers in Vietnam before Doi Moi process There are many research works referring to the subjects and this era of Vietnam such as : The real situation of agriculture, rural areas and farmers in Vietnam (1976-1990) ( Nguyen Sinh Cuc , 1991 ) [9] ; Socioeconomic issues through three surveys of agriculture, industry, housing ( Le Van Toan , 1991 ) [ 77]; Surveying forms of cooperative organization of farmers in our country today ( Dao The Tuan , 1995) [80] … Researching works on this issue provided an overview of the current state of agriculture and socioeconomic rural in the time of Doi Moi with many limitations such as the obviousness of psychology and traditional production practices; pure agricultural structure, rice monoculture, intensive food production with selfsufficiency, and economic sectors in a long time only allowed to exist in two forms of state-owned and collective; inefficient management model of concentration and bureaucratic habits; poor market in general, especially the rural market; common phenomenon of poor in rural; unemployment of rural workers; poor infrastructure of the rural (Nguyen Dang Chat, 1994) [8] At the same time, they posed and solved many theoretical problems of the road for rural to go to socialism, of the successes and failures of cooperation, collective agriculture and rural areas throughout the country From that current situation, many authors focused on studying the transformations in the society and economy in rural areas of Hanoi and some other localities in the country since the Doi Moi, such as: the economy and society of rural in Gia Lam district - Ha Noi on Doi Moi process (Tran Thi Tuong Van, 2004) [89]; Transformation of villages in Vietnam Red River Delta nowadays (To Duy Hop, 2000) [26]; Transformations of socioeconomic structure of a commune in the Red River Delta, Phung Thuong commune (Ha Tay) from 1954 to now (Bui Hong Van, 2002) [87]; Socioeconomic transformations of Phu Luong district, Thai Nguyen province in Doi Moi era (1986-2005) (Tran Minh Thu, 2010) [68] … The Doi Moi process in rural suburb areas of Hanoi has differences compared to other rural areas because it is associated with the process of urbanization Some aspects of the urbanization process in the coastal area of Hanoi in Doi Moi process are mentioned in many publications Socioeconomic transformations of suburban areas in Hanoi in urbanization process happen in all sectors: occupational structure, income, standard of living, housing and infrastructure; physical and spiritual life (Nguyen Huu Minh, 2005) [42, pg.56] In particular, the most significant transformation is in the career structure Due to the impact of urbanization, land area losing, farmers lost key production materials They take compensation but not know to create opportunities to convert their careers Besides, the ineffective interest of authorities makes them struggle to find a way to survive This poses the problem of converting jobs before whirlwind of urbanization This problem has also been given many authors as the urgent social problems needed to be studied and solved such as: Employment for farmers in the Better very much Better Unchanged Changing in the worse direction Difficult to answer Question 41 : Do you help the neighbors / people in the village when their family have affaires? Regularly participate Helping when having time and close relationship Only coming in the meal Question 42 : Which ethical values should be considered the most important at present, in your opinion? Having filial piety with grandparents Faithfulness between husband and wife Brothers in peaceful living Directing toward community, village Not necessary, living for self Question 43 : Currently, when someone at home is sick, where family take him/her to for treatment the most commonly (pick only one column for per answer option)? 1986 Go to the infirmary of ward / commune To private clinics To state hospital To private hospitals Self-buy medicine to cure To oriental medicine Go to worship 124 2010 Question 44: How you assess the level of access to health services in the community today? Types of 1986 medical Very services The convenient Convenient 2010 Not Very convenient convenient Convenient Not convenient nearest pharmacy The nearest private clinic (Oriental Medicine) The nearest private clinic (Western medicine) Infirmary of ward / commune General clinic General Hospital Thanks for your cooperation! SEVERAL IMAGES RELATED TO THE THESIS 125 126 Communal house on the water- the scene of water puppetry performances in festival of Thay Pagoda Dragon dance in Thay Pagoda Festival (Source : vov.vn) 127 128 Sai Son commune office Kindergarten School of Thuy Khue village 129 130 The campus of school with national standards under completion Sai Son medical station 131 Thay market Half-day market of Thuy Khue 132 133 High Pressure light system on communal road A private company of processing garment in Khanh Tan Village 134 Farm growing longan, raising geese and fish of Mr Phu Binh in Thuy Khue village The farm of keeping chicken of Mr Nguyen Van Tao in Nam Trai village 135 The entrance of Quoc Oai urban area - CEO Abandoned fields 136 Smoke from Sai Son cement plant (Source: hiendaihoa.com) Handmade brick-kiln in 2000s (Source: hanoimoi.com.vn) 137 Burnt paddy due to the smoke from brick-kiln (Source:hanoimoi.com.vn) New ring road under damage because of overloaded vehicles 138 ... transformations of Sai Son commune, Quoc Oai district, Hanoi in the period 198 6- 2010 About the time: Thesis limits research time from 1986 to 2010 During that time, Sai Son commune was influenced by a lot... Research aims The thesis aims to clearly realize the socio-economic situation and transformations of Sai Son commune in the period 198 6- 2010; to assess those transformations and to propose solutions... more than twenty years (198 6- 2010) and transformed socioeconomic aspects of Vietnam towards industrial moderniration Doi Moi has created two trends of industrialization - modernization and urbanization