窩컵窪 얗크 ············· 94 (120) catch a cold ······················ 58 (84) potato ···················· 136 (162) ···················· 80 (106) river water close ······················ 48 (74) ···················· 25 (51, 52) together go ? ·················· 82 (108) teach ······················· (29) ) ············ 57 (83, 85) ( piece (unit) bag ················ 19 (45) gas range ······················ 136 (162) dog ······················ 19 (45) ················ 122 (114, 148) living room autumn ······················ 19 (45) ······················ 39 (66) mirror family ···················· 135 (162) ··················· 33 (59) family picture worry ········ 106 (132) ····················· 27 (53) Raise it well nurse ······················ 70 (96) ··················· 114 (140) galbitang walk ············· 94 (120) ····················· 139 (165) catch a cold brown ·················· 95 (122) transfer 2_ ······ 73 (99) Shall we have lunch together? ··················· 149 (176) on a walk ··················· 139 (165) black ··················· 65 (91, 92) park ···················· 121 (148) winter ·················· 98 (124) public phone ( ) ·················· 106 (132) marriage (wedding) ················ 131 (157) horror movie ···················· 158 (184) Gyeonggju ······················ 66 (92) airport ····················· 27 (53) police oficer ······················ 28 (56) fruit ····················· 35 (61) stay ···················· 150 (176) Gwacheon ······················ 56 (82) beef ··················· 152 (178) metropolitan city ················· 11 (37) thank you ··················· 11 (37) It’s okay ·················· 90 (116) express bus ···················· 138 (164) student uniform ··················· 100 (128) cat ·························· 90 transportation ··············· 104 (130) become broken ······················ 44 (72) hometown ··················· 102 (128) public service personnel ) ··················· 42 (68) ( nine ······················ 152 (178) gu (district) ( ) browse ··················· 26 (52) study ·············· 83 (109) ··············· 123 (149) cloudy _3 ······················ 42 (68) ninety ··················· 66 (72, 92) theater (EMS) ··········· 146 (172) international express ····················· 81 (107) well ·················· 98 (124) international phone call ·················· 41 (67, 68) Friday ··················· 114 (140) toasted dumpling ············· 154 (180) feel bad ···················· 152 (178) Mr./Ms ··············· 154 (180) feel good ························ 58 (84) mandarin ··················· 130 (156) happy ·························· it ······················ 90 (116) train ······················· (29) that ······················ 121 (147) road ? ···················· 65 (91) really? ······················ 43 (69) long ·················· 97 (123) but ·················· 74 (75, 100) gimbab ······················ 41 (67) then ················ 74 (100) kimchi fried rice ···················· 115 (141) dish ··················· 73 (99) kimchi stew ····················· 24 (50) in addition ( ) ················· (29) the person (an honoriic) 4_ ····················· 93 (120) trim ························· 131 surprise ······················ 35 (61) ggeseo (postposition put behind a subject, an honoriic) ······················ 105 (131) ······················34 (60) younger brother ·························· 34 male surely, without fail ······················ 112 (138) lower ···················· 25 (51, 60) husband ·······················67 (93) ··················· 139 (165) lower pattern ················· 122 (148) next year ··················109 (136) go down blossom ················ 91 (117) ····················· 82 (108) exit door turn off ······················ 51 (77) ···················· 117 (144) tomorrow quit ···················· 114 (140) ····················· 56 (82) naengmyeon stop ······················19 (45) refrigerator ························ 34 (60) me ························· 35 age ···················· 82 (108) come out ······················· 88 (114) day ·············· 150 (176) Namdaemun market ························ 35 (61) four ························ 42 (68) year ··················· 139 (165) yellow ( ) ··············· 48 (74) sing ···················· 66 (92) singing room _5 ····················· 83 (109) play ···············122 (154) tinged with red ··················· 131 (157) surprised ··················· 67 (93) amusement park ··················· 82 (96, 108) close ···························· 67 moon ···················· 94( 120) park ) ················ 58 (84) ( egg ······················· (27) who ····················· 75 (101) sweet ···················· (27) who is it? ·················· 108 (136) dip ······················ 34 (60) older sister ·············· 117 (144) quit smoking ·······················121 (147) snow ················· 156 smoke ················ 122 (148) snow ······················ 58 (84) carrot ··············· 129 (155) Of course ····················· 40 (66) go ive ··················· 33 (59, 61) ······················ 67 (93) next ( ) ··················· 59 (85) bunch 6_ ······················ 96 (122) Daegu ···················· 35 (61, 123) house (an honoriic) ················ 121 (147, 148) hot ···················· 66 (92) library ···················· 142 (168) city ······················ 58 (84) tofu ······················ 116 (144) money ························ 18 (44) back ·················· 73 (99, 100) pork cutlet ···················· 94 (120) drama ················ 134 (160) withdraw money ····················· 35 (61) eat ······················ 105 (131) dol (irst birthday) ··················· 82 (91, 96) hear ················· 109 (136) go back ····················· 118(144) hold ··············· 105 (131, 132) celebration of the baby s irst birthday ( ) ·············· 152 (178) dong (administrative district) ················ 72 (98) ·················· 82 (108) enter ····················· 146 registered mail mountain climbing Dongdaemun market ·················· 150 (176) zoo ················· 122 (148) warm ························ 33 (59) ······················ 34 (60) brother-in-law ·················· 132 (158) children’s book ·················· 74 (100) bean paste pot stew ( ··············· 67 (93) ( ) ) ·················· 33 (59, 61) daughter ······················ 58 (84) strawberry ······················ 107 (133) rice cake ··················· 115 (141) ddeokbboggi two _7 ······················25 (51) ··············· 74 (75, 84, 100) create ························43 (69) Ramen ···················· 10 (36) a lot ·························35 (61) Russia words ······················ 58 (84) garlic ( ) ·················35 (61) ( ) ·················123 (149) words (an honoriic) clear ····················· 26 (52) drink ····················116 (144) taste ················· 90 (116) shuttle bus ················11 (37) Have a good meal ·············· 154 (180) be in favor ·····················78 (104) delicious ············ 154 (180) unsatisfactory ·······················49 (75) every day ······················ 35 (61) forty ·······················58 (84) beer ···························· 42 ten thousand ··················· 73 (99, 101) spicy ····················· 26 (52) meet ( ) ············ 1(27, 28) Glad to meet you ·····················110 (136) head ······················74 (100) dumpling 8_ ················51 (77) wash one’s hair ···················· 26 (48, 52) eat which Koreans give thanks to their ancestors for a year of fruitful farming production For Thanksgiving, Koreans prepare a variety of foods using the new crops and fruits of the year; of these, (a half-moon-shaped rice cake steamed on a layer of pine needles) is the most representative of the holiday On the day preceding Thanksgiving, the entire family gathers to look at the moon and to make together, stuffing rice-cake with sesame seeds or chestnuts These rice cakes are said to be symbols of faithful prayer for future prosperity There are also myths that the ability to craftily make is a sign that a woman will give birth to beautiful daughters in the future The Representative Foods of Korea: Bulgogi ( ) and Bibimbap ( p.179 ) One of the representative foods of Korea is bulgogi Because bulgogi is not so foreign a food as kimchi, it can be a much better introduction to Korean food for those trying it for the first time The meat is sliced and marinated for a long time before it is cooked, and therefore, the texture is quite tender and it is easy to consume Furthermore, the marinade of the bulgogi produces a juice that can be deliciously mixed in with rice The other common food in Korea is bibimbap, a dish that mixes various vegetables, egg, meat, and a sweet chili sauce The colorfully arranged vegetables on a just?prepared bowl of bibimbap not only raise appetite, but also provide well?balanced nutrients Thus, bibimbap has gained a reputation as an excellent dish It is also versatile because the particular ingredients chosen can depend on the region of origin Among the many creations of bibimbap, Jeonju?bibimbap is the most famous Bibimbap spread quickly from the ancient Royal Court to the common people for its enjoyable taste, and its popularity continues to grow today with even broader reach 221 The Republic of Korea p.183 How you say Korea in Korean? It is called name of the country: Thus, Then, what does distinguish it from What is the flag of mean? shortened from the official can be considered equivalent to describes the Korea in the South, to North Korea, which it is currently separated from ? The flag of Korea is the which you may have seen on television during sports matches, and raised at the state border and on house doors In the middle of the white background is a round patterns called surrounded by black in each of the four corners What is the flower that symbolizes Korea? It is an althea Altheas bloom between July and October, and are white or a light pink with yellow pistils and stamens Some people say that altheas are so common in all parts of Korea, that they call Korea a land of altheas The Songs of Korea p.184 When one thinks of the songs most representative of Korea, this lyric automatically comes to mind: This is the first line of a song which is sung to represent Korea as the Korean flag is being raised before sports matches such as the Olympics, to revive one s love for his or her home country This song was first sung publicly at the 1936 Berlin Olympics by the Korean national team When singing the singers place their hands on their chests and stand with proper posture In these settings, when listening to the national anthems of other countries, it is only polite to stand properly and to pay equal respect aside, the most popular song among Korean people is This is a traditional folk song that has been passed on orally, and thus, there is no knowledge of 222 its composer and lyricist, or place of origin This song delineates the life of an average Korean person so accurately, that it has received much love and praise from the many Korean people who identify with it There are several variations of example, Gangwon-do has in the different regions of Korea For , Jeonla-do has and Gyeongsang-do has 223 161 - English - The Seasons and Climate of Korea p.163 Located in the Northern Hemisphere, Korea has four distinct seasons As the winds blow to Korea, sitting the eastern edge of Asia, the large annual temperature range indicative of the continental climate is realized A so?called spring comes after winter passes, but it is usually interrupted by a cold snap Following the cold snap is a spring, which may be fickle but is generally clear and warm However, spring is not perfect, due to a yellow sand wind that comes from China Fine, yellow dust rides air currents from the Gobi Desert and Hwang River because of the geographic closeness between China and Korea, and can cause some hardship to residents of Korea In the summer there is a rainy season, largely influenced by the Sea of Okhotst and the Pacific Ocean When the rainy season ends, the humidity is quite high and there are occasional passing rains In recent years, the temperature has been as high at night as it is during the day, and this tropic phenomenon has made it difficult for some people to fall asleep The winter is influenced by the high atmospheric pressure of Siberia and is quite dry In the past, there was a phenomenon called warm days In recent years, however, a cycle of cold days and has not occurred, most likely due to global warming and the rising temperatures 216 Travel Destinations and Tourist Sights in Korea p.164 Korea is currently partitioned into two parts: North Korea and South Korea, the latter formally called the Republic of Korea The Republic of Korea is further divided into special city, metropolitan cities, special autonomous province, and provinces The only special city is Seoul, while the metropolitan cities are Busan, Incheon, Daejeon, Daegu, Gwangju, and Ulsan Gyeonggi-do, Gangwon-do, Chungcheongbuk-do, Chungcheongnam-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gyeongsangnamdo, Jeollabuk-do, Jeollanam-do, and Jeju-do are the provinces, but Jeju-do also holds the status of a special autonomous province Additionally, many regions in Korea are divided further into north and south within themselves Let s look at a few famous tourist sights by region Seoraksan is a mountain 1,708m above sea level, extending from the city of Sokcho, over Yangyang-gun, Inje-gun, and Goseong-gun (counties) It is the highest mountain after Hallasan and Jirisan, to the south It bears the nickname, because the snow that begins to fall in autumn does not melt until the summer Seoraksan is a popular tourist sight because visitors are able to enjoy the mountain and the sea simultaneously, due to its proximity to the East Sea Unlike the sea on the west coast, the East Sea is deep and its coastline long Here, there are many saltwater bathing sites that make this a leading destination in the summers Gyeongju is a historical city in North Gyeongsangbuk-do (province) that guards the history of the ancient kingdom of Shilla, as it served as the kingdom s capital for almost a millennium It is a popular tourist destination Hosting sites like the Bulguksa temple, Seokguram grotto, Cheomseongdae observatory, and royal tombs of the Shilla kingdom, Geyongju is a leading destination that has preserved the legacy of centuries past Jeju-do is a province located in the country s largest island, at the southern tip of the Korean Peninsula In the middle of Jeju-do is an attractive inactive volcano with many colors and hills, which attracts many tourists throughout the year 217 Places to Shop p.168 The best places to buy a variety of things at cheap places are markets Markets sell clothes, food, and household goods as individual items, but the prices are still on the inexpensive end There are markets that are permanent fixtures, but there are also markets that open every or days, depending on the region These latter markets are called or , and each regional market is known for selling its own specialty products or essential goods In cities, there are large discount stores and department stores The large discount stores are, in essence, large supermarkets that sell large quantities of products at a cheaper price per item These large discount stores are especially useful for big families, as they are able to buy food or household necessities to last them for days in just one shopping trip Though it may be inconvenient that one must buy items in packages rather than as individual pieces, many people in cities continue to shop at these discount stores for their cheap prices and variety Additionally, these stores conveniently include banks, photo studios, pharmacies, and playrooms for the kids, which add to their appeal To buy items of famous brands even at steep prices, it is best to go to department stores Department stores are usually located in the center of the city, so they are convenient to drive to; there are also parking lots that make the trip quite easy Department stores sell all sorts of food, clothes, furniture, and a variety of other items In addition, if one collects cash receipts after paying in cash( ), it is possible to receive a tax return on cash expenditure at the end of year 218 Bargaining and Free Throw-Ins p.169 When shopping, people generally use cash or credit cards to pay While the large discount stores and department stores may accept credit cards, there are many vendors at the markets who only accept cash Thus, it is important to bring cash whenever you visit a market In addition, if one collects cash receipts after paying in cash, it is possible to get a certain sum in return When paying with credit card, it is possible for the customer to choose between paying a lump sum upfront or paying in installments It is common for people to ask for discounts on prices, but it is also common for people to just pay the price that is asked for Bargaining for lower prices is particularly common in the markets, saying If one bargains well, it is possible to either get a discount or get an extra add?in for free, along with the original purchases One may say that the giving of these free throw-ins is indicative of a positive characteristic of Korean culture However, it is not always possible to bargain In the large discount stores or department stores, it is not possible to bargain for lower prices Rather, one must follow the price tags that are attached to the items of interest Places that already have attached price tags to their items will enforce the written prices, thereby making bargaining implausible Community Health Centers ( and Health Insurance ) p.173 When people are sick or injured, they must go to the hospital Nowadays, there are many healthcare facilities in the vicinity and patients are able to visit specialists catered for their specific area of discomfort For stomach pain they can go to an Internal Medicine specialist; for ear, nose, or throat pain, a Ear, Nose, Throat specialist; for toothaches, a Dentist; and for diseases of the eyes, an Ophthalmologist It is possible to visit a hospital and find the appropriate specialist to examine the area 219 of discomfort and to prescribe the appropriate treatment In the past, if patients experienced a cold or light symptoms, they were able to go directly to the pharmacy to get medication Today, however, they must first go see a doctor to get a prescription, which they can then take to the pharmacy to receive medication Rather than going to a hospital, it is also possible to go to a community health center There are community health centers in each city, district, and province These community centers provide immunizations to prevent specific diseases and are in charge of providing health education to citizens They are also responsible for looking over the cleanliness of food and over public hygiene Often times, those over the age of 60 are given treatment in these clinics for free When visiting hospitals or community health centers, patients must bring a certificate of health insurance, titled The most effective and economically reasonable policy for a country is to provide citizens with necessary medical care, and such is implemented through this health insurance Anyone who pays the appropriate portion of his or her monthly income to pay for the government s health insurance plan is able to reap the benefits of the system Traditional Remedies of Korea p.174 There are a number of expressions used by Koreans when they eat too fast or eat something that hinders their digestion: and so on The phrases and are commonly used after a night of drinking heavily In the past, when one had digestive problems by having eaten too hurriedly, there were older women who would try to cure the condition by using needles to drain blood from the fingertips When performing this act, Koreans would say, to describe what was happening First, they would try to let blood flow down from the arm and collect in the hand Then, they would tie off a fingertip with thread, and stick in a needle to drain blood They believed that the worse the condition, the darker the blood would be This 220 traditional remedy followed the traditions of oriental medicine, which were largely based on the concepts of blood circulation and the necessity of disposing of bad blood that caused sickness Grandmothers or mothers would also often rub down the stomachs of children lying down with indigestion Sometimes the children were healed, and the women were said (translated, medicine hands ) Perhaps it is possible that the love to have delivered in such acts actually result in healing effects However, these acts are not necessarily proven by scientific evidence There are many symptoms for colds, but when people get sick from perpetual fatigue, they can suffer from painful body aches characteristic of flu One can say to describe such a symptom When one gets the flu, how you think they can recover quickly? p.178 Korea s Traditional Dress, is the term used to described Korea s traditional clothing The shape of beautifully utilizes a harmony of straight lines and curves A woman s combines a skirt and a top piece A man s combines pant thus, is referred to as , and thus, is literally called and a top piece , and The short top piece and loose skirt of the allows for a comfortable yet neat look The men s top piece is longer in comparison, falling over the waistline The pants tie at the waste and the ankles, but are also loose and comfortable Children wear which incorporates a variety of colors and is quite small and cute In the past, Koreans wore not only for special occasions, but also for everyday life Nowadays, however, Koreans generally wear only for select holidays and occasions, such as New Year s Day, Thanksgiving, and weddings can be categorized into 221 -worn as everyday dress-and -worn for weddings or other special occasions There are also various types of for the different seasons, varied in color and fabric is not only beautiful and elegant, but also has the advantage of flattering bodies of all shapes and sizes However, it is not entirely comfortable, and thus, not quite suitable for everyday wear Thankfully, there is now a new (translated, modern ) that is quickly gaining popularity, skillfully incorporating the positive characteristics of into the positive characteristics of modern clothing Clothing and Attire p.179 Wearing the right clothes to match the occasion and destination is referred to as in Korean It is common for neighbors to assess each other s attire and ask, Where are you going? as a form of greeting One may say that such greeting indicates a sincere interest in the other person There is distinct attire designated for hiking, and completely different for partying or going out Attire worn for picnics or other outdoor activities is more casual It is important to wear the proper attire to match the occasion and destination For weddings, it is important to avoid wearing white, as to not outshine the bride in her white wedding gown Instead, guests should select bright colors that add to the celebratory mood The mother of the groom will often wear while the mother of the bride will wear of a bluish hue, of a pinkish hue Pink and blue are said to display Yin Yang, thereby symbolizing the harmony of the new bride and groom On the other hand, guests generally wear black attire when attending funerals In the past, those in mourning wore hemp clothing, but today, it is more acceptable to wear black suits or black Those attending the funeral or making visits of condolence should avoid bright colors, and instead choose black or related dark colors 222 Separating and Disposing of Trash p.183 How people dispose of trash in Korea? In Korea, people separate trash by items that must be recycled and items that must be discarded Average households and small businesses must dispose of their trash in trash bags produced and sold by their respective cities, districts, or provinces These trash bags come in pre-designated sizes, and are easily available in nearby convenience stores Recyclables and ashes cannot be disposed of in the bags described above, but rather, must be disposed according to the guidelines of the city, district, or province, which will pick up these disposed items for free Though guidelines are different for each region, recyclables are generally differentiated into the following categories: cans, plastic, paper, glass or bottles, clothes, and food scraps Each region will designate a place for disposal, or a day on which the recycled items will be picked up Items that are too large to fit into the given recycling containers must be reported to the government office, and a pre-determined fee must be paid If one gets caught throwing away trash without following the guidelines, s/he must pay a fine that is close to 1,000,000 KRW 223 Household Chores, Then and Now p.184 In the past, people manually lighted stoves to cook Today, there are gas lines that allow for the use of gas stoves and ovens In the past, cooking was quite burdensome, as people had to first collect wood to light the stoves Today, cooking is much more convenient due to the availability of gas and electricity In the past, women were more likely to cook Today, some men just as easily cook In the past, there was no running water in homes and thus, dishes had to be washed outside in the lawns Today, there are sinks and running water that allow dishes to be done indoors Some homes have dishwashers as well In the past, rags and brooms were used to clean Today, vacuum cleaners and even robotic vacuum cleaners are used to clean In the past, cleaning tools usually required one to bend at the waist, making cleaning a physically difficult task Today, most cleaning tools are electronically-powered, making cleaning much easier 224