Autodesk Land Desktop and Civil Design Tutorial 1-85 Autodesk Land Desktop Tutorial Nha Trang 04-2008 Duy Cò Autodesk Land Desktop and Civil Design Tutorial 2-85 Welcome to the Autodesk Land Desktop tutorial This tutorial has 20 lessons about projects, points, labels, surfaces, volumes, and alignments You can work through these lessons sequentially, or you can one lesson at a time Every lesson, except for the first one, has a tutorial drawing and an accompanying dataset Click ⇒ at the top of this tutorial window to move to the next task Tips for Using this Tutorial You'll use the Land Desktop 2004 menu palette when working with all of these lessons The quickest way to load the Land Desktop 2004 menu palette is to type MLD and press ENTER at the command line -You can close the Project Workspace (dockable window on the left of the AutoCAD screen) because it is not used in the tutorial -The tutorial window stays on top as you work with Autodesk Land Desktop If you not want the tutorial window to stay on top, select OptionsKeep Help on TopNot On Top -Working through these lessons will result in alteration of the project files Backup copies of these project files can be found in the c:\Program Files\Land Desktop 2004\Landtut folder If this lesson has been previously run, copy these unaltered project files to the \Land Projects 2004 folder when starting a new tutorial session to ensure that the sequence outlined in each lesson can be followed properly LESSON 1: Working with Projects One of the first requirements of working with Autodesk Land Desktop is that your drafting and designing environment (your drawing file) must be linked to a project A project is simply a storage area for a drawing's associated data, which can include points, surfaces, alignments, pipes, parcels, and survey observations Project data is not stored in the drawing, but in separate folders on your system To work through this lesson follow these steps - Start Autodesk Land Desktop if you have not already done so - On the Projects menu, click Menu Palettes to display the Menu Palette Manager dialog box - From the Menu list, select Land Desktop 2004, and then click Load Working through these lessons will result in alteration of the project files Backup copies of these project files can be found in the c:\Program Files\Land Desktop 2004\Landtut folder If this lesson has been previously run, copy these unaltered project files to the \Land Projects 2004 folder when starting a new tutorial session to ensure that the sequence outlined in each lesson can be followed properly Creating a New Drawing and Project Start a new drawing and create a new project to store associated data - On the File menu, click New to display the New Drawing: Project Based dialog box - Enter Lesson_1 for the Name - In the Project and Drawing Location section, verify that Project Path list displays \Land Projects 2004\, and then click Create Project to display the Project Details dialog box - In the Initial Settings for New Drawings section, from the Prototype list, select Default (Meters) - In the Project Information section, enter Project_1 for the Name - Enter Project for Exploring Land Desktop Startup for the Description and Training for the Keywords - In the Drawing Path for this Project section, verify that Project "DWG" Folder is selected - Click OK to return to the New Drawing: Project Based dialog box - In the Select Drawing Template section, from the Template list, select aec_m.dwt 10 - In the Project and Drawing Location section, verify that the Project Name list displays Project_1 and the Drawing Path list displays \Land Projects 2004\ Project_1\dwg\ 11 - Click OK to create the new drawing and project Setting Up the Point Database Nha Trang 04-2008 Duy Cò Autodesk Land Desktop and Civil Design Tutorial 3-85 Specify the parameters for formatting the point database - As the Create Point Database dialog box is displayed, verify that the Point Description Field Size is 32 characters There is an additional field in the point database for point names, which stores alphanumeric point numbers or unique point names that may be used interchangeably with point numbers in many point commands The point number field for the point database is still the primary field by which points are sorted and grouped - Select the Use Point Names check box, and then verify that the Point Name Field Size is 16 characters - Click OK to continue Setting Up the New Drawing Specify the parameters for the new drawing - As the Load Settings dialog box is displayed, verify that the Path is \Program Files\Land Desktop 2004\Data\Setup - In the Load a Drawing Setup Profile section, from the Profile Name list, select m500.set (Metric, 1:500), and then click View to display the View Drawing Setup Profile dialog box The coordinate zone, text style, and drawing border listed need to be changed for this drawing, so in the following steps you will make the appropriate edits to the drawing setup - Click OK to return to the Load Settings dialog box, and then click Load to load the m500 setup profile - Click Next to display the Units dialog box and verify the units settings - Click Next to display the Scale dialog box and verify the scale settings The horizontal drawing scale affects block insertion and the size of text that is automatically created The vertical drawing scale controls only the default vertical exaggeration of profiles and cross sections created by Autodesk Civil Design - Click Next to display the Zone dialog box - From the Categories list, select UTM, NAD 83 Datum, and then from the Available Coordinate Systems list select UTM with NAD 83 Datum, Zone 11, Meter; Central Meridian 117d W - Click Next to display the Orientation dialog box and verify the orientation settings - Click Next to display the Text Style dialog box, from the Style Set Name list, select mleroy.stp, and then click Load to load the mleroy text style 10 - From the Select Current Style list, select L100 11 - Click Next to display the Border dialog box 12 - In the Border Selection section, select Scaled Block, and then in the Custom Block section, click Browse to display the Select a Custom Block dialog box 13 - From the list select pm_841x594.dwg, and then click Open to return to the Border dialog box 14 - Click Next to display the Save Settings dialog box If this is a drawing setup that you would like to use on a regular basis, enter a profile name and save the setup 15 - Click Finish to complete the drawing setup process 16 - As the Finish window is displayed, verify your final drawing settings, and then click OK Your drawing is now set up with the correct parameters Reviewing the Project Directory Structure Take a look at the project directory structure with Windows Explorer - Open Windows Explorer and navigate to the Land Projects folder - Expand the Land Projects 2004 folder to view the separate project folders - Expand the Project_1 folder to view the separate folders that store different types of project data All point data is contained in the cogo folder, including Microsoftâ database (.mdb) files for point groups, description keys, and user-defined external data references The dwg folder contains the drawing files associated with the project and the dfm files (which are ASCII text files that contain default drawing settings) Nha Trang 04-2008 Duy Cò Autodesk Land Desktop and Civil Design Tutorial 4-85 The survey folder is where raw files downloaded from data collectors are stored, as well as field book, observation database, and traverse adjustment files This folder is empty until you use Autodesk Survey to populate the folder with these files Additional folders are automatically created when you use Autodesk Land Desktop to work with surfaces (dtm), alignments (align), parcels (lots), and volumes (er) Additional folders are automatically created when you use Autodesk Civil Design to work with pipes (pipewks), hydrology (hd), and sheet manager (cd) This concludes the project creation lesson In the next lesson, you'll learn about changing the project settings LESSON 2: Changing Project Settings Copy projects to use project data with other drawings Change drawing settings to specify new annotation, object creation, and calculation defaults To work through this lesson follow these steps - Start Autodesk Land Desktop if you have not already done so - On the Projects menu, click Menu Palettes to display the Menu Palette Manager dialog box - From the Menu list, select Land Desktop 2004 and then click Load The default location folder for project files is c:\Land Projects 2004 If you opted to install these files in another location instead, specify the appropriate project path Working through these lessons will result in alteration of the project files Backup copies of these project files can be found in the c:\Program Files\Land Desktop 2004\Landtut folder If this lesson has been previously run, copy these unaltered project files to the \Land Projects 2004 folder when starting a new tutorial session to ensure that the sequence outlined in each lesson can be followed properly Copying a Project and Re-associating the Current Drawing A portion of the Lesson-2 tutorial drawing must be worked on as a separate project Since some of the important data is not stored in the drawing but is stored in the project files, a copy of the project is required You can not copy an active, current project To copy a project, start a new session of Autodesk Land Desktop and, before starting a named drawing or associating it with a project, open the Project Management dialog box and use the Copy option - From the Projects menu, click Project Manager to display the Project Management dialog box - In the Project section, from the Name list, select Tutorial1, and then click Copy to display the Copy dialog box - In the Copy Project To section, enter TutorialC for the Name - Enter Building site - Northwest corner for the Description, and then click OK The copied project has the same directory structure as the original project, with the same files populating each folder - As an AutoCAD message dialog box is displayed, click Yes to change the project association and to return to the Project Management dialog box - Click Close to close the Project Management dialog box Use the following steps to open the Lesson-2 tutorial drawing - On the File menu, click Open to display the Open Drawing: Project Based dialog box - From the Project Name list, select TutorialC, from the Select Project Drawing List, select Lesson-2.dwg, and then click OK Changing Drawing Setup Parameters Change the horizontal drawing scale and see how text height is affected At the current horizontal scale of 1:500, the 2MM text style is drawing unit high The plot scale for a 1:500 scale drawing is with plotting units in millimeters This results in 2MM text style being plotted with a mm height - On the command line enter ST to display the Text Style dialog box Nha Trang 04-2008 Duy Cò Autodesk Land Desktop and Civil Design Tutorial 5-85 - From the Style Name list, select 2MM, in the Font section, enter for the Height, click Apply, and then click Close to continue Use the following steps to change the horizontal drawing scale to 1:1000 - On the Projects menu, click Drawing Setup to display the Drawing Setup dialog box - Click the Scale tab, in the Drawing Scale section, from the Horizontal list, select 1:1000, and then click OK - On the command line, enter ST to display the Text Style dialog box - Verify that the height of the 2MM text style is 2, and then click Cancel to continue The plot scale for a 1:1000 scale drawing is with plotting units in millimeters Again, this results in 2MM text style being plotted with a mm height The appropriate scaling of text styles occurs with all text styles that you use when working with Autodesk Land Desktop Use the following steps to change the precision of elevation values to - On the Projects menu, click Drawing Setup to display the Drawing Setup dialog box - Click the Units tab In the Display Precision section, from the Elevation list, select 1, and then in the Samples section verify the change to the sample elevation value This change affects all future elevation values in this drawing, including point marker elevation text Use the following steps to change the drawing base point and north rotation angle - Click the Orientation tab In the Base Point section, click Pick, and then use a Node Osnap to select point number 10 for the Base point 10 - As the Drawing Setup dialog box is displayed again, in the Northing and Easting section, enter 5000 for the Northing and 5000 for the Easting 11 - In the North Rotation section, enter 13.2450 for the Angle, and then click OK In Autodesk Land Desktop, north rotation angles are represented in degrees, minutes, and seconds The value, 13.2450, represents 13 degrees, 24 minutes, and 50 seconds, not a decimal degree value 12 - As an AutoCAD message dialog box is displayed, click OK to continue Use the following steps to insert a north arrow to show the north rotation 13 - On the Utilities menu, click Symbol Manager to display the Symbol Manager dialog box 14 - Verify that COGO Symbols is displayed in the Symbol Set list From the Palette list select Details, select North Arrow, and then click OK 15 - Specify an insertion point for the north arrow, the press ENTER to accept the default, Magnetic, for the description Click here to see an illustration of the north arrow Editing Drawing Settings Edit settings for the current drawing, and then save them to a prototype so these settings can be reused - On the Projects menu, click Edit Drawing Settings to display the Edit Settings dialog box - Verify that the Program list displays Autodesk Land Desktop - From the Settings list, select Geodetic Labels, and then click Edit Settings to display the Geodetic Annotation Settings dialog box - In the Line Annotation section, in the Az column, clear the Grid and Ground check boxes - In the Suffix column, enter m for the Grid, Ground, and Geodetic suffixes - In the Distance Unit column, select METERS from the Grid, Ground, and Geodetic lists - Click OK to return to the Edit Settings dialog box These settings only apply to the current drawing Save these settings to a prototype so that future projects can use these settings - In the Selected Item section, click Save to Prototype to display the Select Prototype dialog box - From the Select Prototype list, select DEFAULT (METERS), click OK to return to the Edit Settings dialog box, and then click Close You now have a prototype drawing setup that you can use for subsequent projects This concludes the project settings lesson In the next lesson, you'll learn about point objects Nha Trang 04-2008 Duy Cò Autodesk Land Desktop and Civil Design Tutorial 6-85 LESSON 3: Working with Point Objects Points objects represent existing or proposed points in Land Desktop Their appearance in the drawing and their interaction with AutoCAD commands can be controlled by point settings Point objects have the following characteristics: -Points can appear at their actual elevation or at a fixed elevation -Points are saved to an external database -Points have markers and text; both have styles that can be modified Points can also be labeled using a label style -Markers and text can have either relative or absolute sizes controlling their appearance in the drawing -Point text can be separated from its associated point marker by grip editing, with a leader automatically generated to graphically link the marker and text -Point descriptions can be either raw (point database) or full (as specified by the description key) -Point text appears on the same layer as the point marker, but the visibility of the text is controlled by individual settings -Point coordinate display in dialog boxes can be specified as Northing/Easting, Easting/Northing, x,y, or y,x -The AutoCAD UNDO command works with point objects -Point objects align with the World UCS To work through this lesson follow these steps - Start Autodesk Land Desktop if you have not already done so - On the File menu, click Open to display the Open Drawing: Project Based dialog box The default location folder for project files is c:\Land Projects 2004 If you opted to install these files in another location instead, specify the appropriate project path - From the Project Name list, select TUTORIAL2, from the Select Project Drawing list, select Lesson-3.dwg, and then click OK - On the Projects menu, click Menu Palettes to display the Menu Palette Manager dialog box - From the Menu list, select Land Desktop 2004, and then click Load Working through these lessons will result in alteration of the project files Backup copies of these project files can be found in the c:\Program Files\Land Desktop 2004\Landtut folder If this lesson has been previously run, copy these unaltered project files to the \Land Projects 2004 folder when starting a new tutorial session to ensure that the sequence outlined in each lesson can be followed properly Listing Point Objects Two points are displayed in the drawing, 247 and 758 Use the AutoCAD LIST command to list information about the point number 247 - Enter LIST, and then select point number 247 and press ENTER - Close the text window The point is an AECC_POINT object The point object appears in the drawing at its actual elevation The point coordinates, description, point number, and point name are stored in the point database Inserting Points from the Point Database ou can erase points from the drawing, but they still exist in the points database Erase point number 247 and 758, and then reinsert them - On the command line, enter ERASE, select the two points, and then press ENTER - On the Points menu, click Point UtilitiesZoom to Extents The Zoom to Extents command zooms to the extents of the minimum and maximum coordinates of the points in the database, not the extents of all of the entities in the drawing - On the Points menu, click Point UtilitiesQuick View Xs appear at all point locations, including the erased ones Click here to see an illustration of the quick view point locations Use the following steps to list all of the points in the database Nha Trang 04-2008 Duy Cò Autodesk Land Desktop and Civil Design Tutorial 7-85 - On the Points menu, click List Points to display the List Points dialog box - Select the List All Points option - Scroll down the list to view points 247 and 758 Point number 247 is listed as 247L, which means it is locked Locked points cannot be edited until they are unlocked - Click OK to continue - On the View menu, click Named Views to display the View dialog box Under Name, select 1, click Set Current, and then click OK Use the following step to retrieve the two erased points from the points database and reinsert them in the drawing - On the Points menu, click Insert Points to Drawing, enter W for the Window option, and then window in the area of the two missing points (The two points are located in the right half of the screen in the current view.) The two points now reappear in the drawing Click here to see an illustration of the reinserted points Changing Point Elevations Change the actual elevation to a fixed elevation for inserted points - On the Points menu, click Point Settings to display the Point Settings dialog box - Click the Insert tab In the Insertion Elevation section, select Fixed elevation, verify that the Fixed elevation is (zero) m - Click the Text tab Select the Automatic Leaders check box and then click OK Use the following step to list information about the existing point elevation - Enter LIST, and then select point number 758 and press ENTER The Marker Location still lists the elevation as 245.51 m The point setting just made does not alter existing points in the drawing You must reinsert or edit the point to implement the elevation change - Close the text window Use the following steps to reinsert the points in this area back into the drawing - On the Points menu, click Insert Points to Drawing, and then press ENTER to accept the default, Window, and window in the two points - As the Point in Drawing dialog box is displayed, click Replace All - Enter LIST, and then select point number 758 and press ENTER The Marker Location lists the elevation as m - Close the text window Changing Point Display Properties Take a look at some of the point display properties - Select point number 758, right-click and click Display Properties to display the Point Display Properties dialog box - Click the Reset tab In the Point Elevation section, select the Reset Point Elevation in Drawing check box, select Actual Elevation, and then click OK - Enter LIST, and then select both points and press ENTER For point number 758, observe that the Marker Location lists the elevation as 245.51 m For point number 247, the Marker Location lists the elevation as m Changes made in the Display Properties dialog box take immediate effect, without having to reinsert the points in the drawing - Close the text window Changing Point Markers and Text You can use either custom markers or AutoCAD points to designate point nodes If you choose to use AutoCAD points as markers, the marker style can be adjusted with the DDPTYPE command Select a new custom marker and superimposed symbol, and then size the marker in absolute units - On the View menu, click Named Views to display the View dialog box Under Name, select 3, click Set Current, and then click OK Nha Trang 04-2008 Duy Cò Autodesk Land Desktop and Civil Design Tutorial 8-85 - Select point number 758, right-click and click Display Properties to display the Point Display Properties dialog box - On the Marker tab, in the Custom Marker Symbol section, select the fourth marker symbol, and then in the Superimposed section, select the circle symbol - In the Custom Marker Size section, select Size in Absolute Units, and then enter for the Size You can change the visibility and color of number, elevation, and description text Use the following steps to turn off the visibility of the elevation text, change the color of the description text, and size the text in absolute units - Click the Text tab, and then in the Color and Visibility section, clear the (Elevation) Visible check box - Click the Description color box to display the Select a Color dialog box From the Standard Colors palette select cyan (light blue), and then click OK to return to the Point Display Properties dialog box - In the Style and Size section, select Absolute Units, enter for the Text Size, and then click OK For point number 758, the point marker and text now appear smaller, and the number and description text strings are centered on the marker The appearance of point 247 remains unchanged since its text size is still relative to the view area of the screen Click here to see an illustration of the new point 758 display parameters As you zoom in and out of the drawing, points with markers and text sized relative to the view area of the screen are resized each time that the points are regenerated - On the Points menu, click Point Settings to display the Point Settings dialog box - Click the Preferences tab In the Point Display section, clear the Always Regenerate Point Display After Zoom check box, and then click OK 10 - On the View menu, click Named Views to display the View dialog box Under Name, select 1, click Set Current, and then click OK 11 - On the command line enter REGEN to regenerate the drawing Point number 247 is resized proportionally, while point number 758 maintains its absolute size If all of the points in the drawing have their markers and text set to absolute size, it is recommended that you turn off the Always Regenerate Point Display After Zoom check box to improve display performance Use the following steps to reposition point text relative to the point marker 12 - Select point number 247 to display its grips 13 - Select the grip and drag down to the right, and then click to fix the point text in its new position A leader is automatically drawn between the text and marker Click here to see an illustration of the point leader Controlling Point Display by Layer - Select point number 247, right-click and click Edit Object Display to display the Object Display dialog box - Click Layer to display the Select Layer dialog box - From the Layer list, select PNT_MISC, click OK to return to the Object Display dialog box, and then click OK - Click the Layers icon in the toolbar to display the Layer Properties Manager Turn off the display of the PNT_MISC layer, and click OK to close the Layer Properties Manager The point is no longer displayed in the drawing This concludes the point object lesson In the next lesson, you'll learn about creating points LESSON 4: Creating Points Create points manually by northing and easting coordinates, along an alignment, or based on surface features Use commands to edit and lock points, and check for discrepancies between points in the drawing and the points database To work through this lesson follow these steps Nha Trang 04-2008 Duy Cò Autodesk Land Desktop and Civil Design Tutorial 9-85 - Start Autodesk Land Desktop if you have not already done so - On the File menu, click Open to display the Open Drawing: Project Based dialog box The default location folder for project files is c:\Land Projects 2004 If you opted to install these files in another location instead, specify the appropriate project path - From the Project Name list, select TUTORIAL2, from the Select Project Drawing list, select Lesson-4.dwg, and then click OK - On the Projects menu, click Menu Palettes to display the Menu Palette Manager dialog box - From the Menu list, select Land Desktop 2004, and then click Load Working through these lessons will result in alteration of the project files Backup copies of these project files can be found in the c:\Program Files\Land Desktop 2004\Landtut folder If this lesson has been previously run, copy these unaltered project files to the \Land Projects 2004 folder when starting a new tutorial session to ensure that the sequence outlined in each lesson can be followed properly Creating Points Manually Change the point settings by specifying a new starting point number and manual elevations - On the View menu, click Named Views to display the View dialog box, under Name, select 1, click Set Current, and then click OK - On the Points menu, click Point Settings to display the Point Settings dialog box - On the Create tab, in the Numbering section, enter 10 for the Current number - In the Elevations section, select Manual, and then click OK Use the following steps to place a point at the lower- right building corner at an elevation of 249 m - On the Points menu, click Create PointsManual - Use an Endpoint Osnap to select the lower-right building corner - Enter 249 m for the Elevation, and then press ENTER to end the command Use the following steps to change the point settings so you can specify point descriptions manually - On the Points menu, click Point Settings to display the Point Settings dialog box - In the Descriptions section, select Manual, and then click OK Use the following steps to place a point at the upper-right building corner at an elevation of 249 m and with a description of BLDG 10 - On the Points menu, click Create PointsManual 11 - Use an Endpoint Osnap to select the upper-right building corner 12 - Enter BLDG for the Description, accept the default, 249 m, for the Elevation, and then press ENTER Click here to see an illustration of the first and second points Specifying Automatic Elevations and Descriptions Continue placing points with automatic elevations and descriptions - On the Points menu, click Point Settings to display the Point Settings dialog box - On the Create tab, in the Elevations section, select Automatic - In the Descriptions section, select Automatic, and then click OK Use the following steps to place a point at the upper-left building corner at an elevation of 249 m and with a description of BLDG - On the Points menu, click Create PointsManual - Use an Endpoint Osnap to select the upper-left building corner, and then press ENTER The point is placed at an elevation of 249 m and with a description of BLDG automatically Click here to see an illustration of the third point Creating Points in the Points Database Change the Point Settings so points are no longer inserted into the drawing, and then create another point - On the Points menu, click Point Settings to display the Point Settings dialog box - On the Create tab, in the Numbering section, clear the Insert to Drawing as Created check box, and then click OK Nha Trang 04-2008 Duy Cò Autodesk Land Desktop and Civil Design Tutorial 10-85 Use the following steps to place a point at the next building corner - On the Points menu, click Create PointsManual - Use an Endpoint Osnap to select the next building corner, and then press ENTER The new point does not appear in the drawing Use the following steps to restore the setting so subsequent points are inserted into the drawing, and insert the point you just created into the drawing - On the Points menu, click Point Settings to display the Point Settings dialog box - On the Create tab, in the Numbering section, select the Insert to Drawing as Created check box, and then click OK - On the Points menu, click Insert Points to Drawing, enter N for the Numbers option, and then enter 13 for the Point number Point number 13 now appears in the drawing Click here to see an illustration of the fourth point Placing Points on an Object Place points at the remaining two building corners - On the Points menu, click Create PointsAutomatic - Select the short vertical building line segment on the bottom of the building, and then press ENTER Two points are set at the endpoints of the selected line segment Click here to see an illustration of the fifth and sixth points Placing Points Along an Alignment Place points along an alignment between specified stations at an offset First, change the view and set the current alignment - On the View menu, click Named Views to display the View dialog box Under Name, select 2, click Set Current, and then click OK - On the Alignments menu, click Set Current Alignment, and then press ENTER to display the Alignment Librarian dialog box - From the Selection list, select P3_HWY69, and then click OK - On the Points menu, click Create Points - AlignmentsMeasure Alignment - Enter 15500 for the Beginning station, and then enter 16000 for the Ending station - Enter 15 m for the Offset, enter 50 m for the Station interval, and then enter 25 for the Current point number Eleven points are set along the alignment Click here to see an illustration of the points set along the alignment Placing Points on a Surface Place points on the existing ground surface in a grid pattern - On the View menu, click Named Views to display the View dialog box Under Name, select 3, click Set Current, and then click OK Use the following steps to set EG as the current surface - On the Terrain menu, click Set Current Surface to display the Select Surface dialog box - From the Select surface to open list, select EG, and then click OK - On the Points menu, click Create Points - SurfaceOn Grid - Press ENTER to accept the default, (zero) degrees, for the Grid rotation angle - Use an Intersection Osnap to select the lower-left corner of the grid rectangle - Enter 50 m for the Grid X Spacing, and then press ENTER to accept the default, 50 m, for the Grid Y spacing - Use an Intersection Osnap to select the upper-right corner of the grid rectangle - Press ENTER to accept the default, No, to accept the size or rotation of the grid/grid squares Points are set at specified grid nodes with elevations extracted from the current surface Click here to see an illustration of the points set on the surface This concludes the point creation lesson In the next lesson, you'll learn about editing points LESSON 5: Editing Points Nha Trang 04-2008 Duy Cò Autodesk Land Desktop and Civil Design Tutorial 71-85 The dashed vertical lines drawn with temporary vectors represent the transition region, and the Xs represent the control points for the transition region Click here to see an illustration of the transition region lines and control points - Enter TT for the Transition types option to display the Section Transition Types dialog box - Verify that in the Left section L1 is defined as Pinned, Free, Hold elev and L2 is defined as Pinned, Free, Hold grade - Verify that is the Right section R1 is defined as Dynamic, Free, Hold elev, and then click OK to continue - Press ENTER to accept the default, Exit, to exit the Display option - Enter SA for the Save option, and then press ENTER to accept the default, Yes, to save the template 10 - Press ENTER to accept the default, t2e, for the Template name 11 - Enter Yes to overwrite the template, and then press ENTER to accept the default, Exit, to end the Edit Template command The transition parameters for the template have now been verified Applying an Alignment to a Template Transition Apply pre-defined horizontal alignments to a template that already has transitions defined on it to model a highway exit ramp Set A2g as the current alignment - On the View menu, click Named Views to display the View dialog box Under Name, select 1, click Set Current, and then click OK - On the Alignments menu, click Set Current Alignment, and then press ENTER to display the Alignment Librarian dialog box - From the Selection list, select A2g, and then click OK - On the Cross Sections menu, click Design ControlEdit Design Control to display the Enter Station Range dialog box - Accept the default Start station and End station, and then click OK to display the Design Control dialog box Next, specify the use of the T2e template - Click Template Control to display the Template Control dialog box, and then click (Template) Select to display the Template Librarian dialog box - Select t2e, click OK to return to the Template Control dialog box, and then click OK to return to the Design Control dialog box Use the following steps to attach alignments to the three transition points - Click Attach Alignments to display the Attach Alignments dialog box, and then in the Left section click One - Press ENTER when prompted to pick the first left offset alignment to display the Alignment Librarian dialog box Select CL_SBL and then click OK 10 - As the Attach Alignments dialog box is displayed again, in the Left section click Two 11 - Press ENTER when prompted to pick the second left offset alignment to display the Alignment Librarian dialog box Select LEOP_SBL and then click OK 12 - As the Attach Alignments dialog box is displayed again, in the Right section click One 13 - Press ENTER when prompted to pick the first right offset alignment to display the Alignment Librarian dialog box Select CL_SBL and then click OK 14 - As the Attach Alignments dialog box is displayed again, click OK to return to the Design Control dialog box 15 - Click OK to process the design control for the range of stations and display the Section Processing Status dialog box 16 - Click OK to display the Process Status dialog box, and then click OK to continue The roadway has been widened to follow the exit ramp alignment Viewing Cross Sections Through the Exit Ramp Region Take a look along the roadway alignment in the region of the exit ramp - On the Cross Sections menu, click View/Edit Sections, and then enter V for the View option Nha Trang 04-2008 Duy Cò Autodesk Land Desktop and Civil Design Tutorial 72-85 - The Template View Settings Editor dialog box is displayed In the Miscellaneous Values section, enter for the Vertical factor, and then click OK to continue - Press ENTER to accept the default, Next, and advance through the cross sections - Enter S for the Station option, and then enter 16180 for the Station value At this station the roadway starts to widen as it enters the exit ramp region Observe that the roadway crown has been moved off of the center line or control alignment This was achieved by defining the R1 and L1 transition points on the rodway crown and linking it to the southbound lane alignment Click here to see an illustration of the cross section at station 161+80 - Press ENTER to accept the default, Next, until you reach station 166+60 This station is last point where the exit ramp is modeled as part of the main alignment From this point on, the rest of the exit ramp should be modeled with a separate alignment and template Click here to see an illustration of the cross section at station 166+60 At this station the southbound lane alignment returns to its original width This concludes the roadway transitioning lesson In the next lesson, you'll learn about creating grading objects LESSON 33: Creating Grading Objects When you need to design and analyze grading projects, such as building sites or parking lots, you can use grading objects to streamline the process A grading object is based on a footprint, which can be a 2D or 3D polyline, a line, an arc, or an existing grading object, which represents an outline of some portion of your project, such as a building pad The footprint is then projected to a target, which can be a surface, an elevation, or a distance One of the primary advantages of using grading objects is that when you make changes to a grading object, it is automatically updated in the drawing To work through this lesson follow these steps - Start Autodesk Land Desktop if you have not already done so - On the File menu, click Open to display the Open Drawing: Project Based dialog box The default location folder for project files is c:\Land Projects 2004 If you opted to install these files in another location instead, specify the appropriate project path - From the Project Name list, select TUTORIAL4 From the Select Project Drawing list, select Lesson-33.dwg, and then click OK - On the Projects menu, click Menu Palettes to display the Menu Palette Manager dialog box - From the Menu list, select Civil Design 2004, and then click Load Working through these lessons will result in alteration of the project files Backup copies of these project files can be found in the c:\Program Files\Land Desktop 2004\Landtut folder If this lesson has been previously run, copy these unaltered project files to the \Land Projects 2004 folder when starting a new tutorial session to ensure that the sequence outlined in each lesson can be followed properly Creating Grading Points At the beginning of a grading project, you generally have certain points with fixed elevations For example, you may have points where a new driveway matches an existing roadway, or you may have key points to define at other locations in the project You can create these points using various features of Land Desktop The project in this lesson consists of a rectangular parking lot with a driveway that ties into an existing roadway Click here for an illustration of the project Your first objective is to create points around the perimeter of the parking lot for building a surface Before doing so, however, you need to set some parameters for new points - On the Points menu, click Point Settings to display the Point Settings dialog box - Click the Insert tab In the Insertion Elevation section, select the Actual Elevation option This ensures that points are inserted in 3D, using the actual elevation of the points stored in the point database Nha Trang 04-2008 Duy Cò Autodesk Land Desktop and Civil Design Tutorial 73-85 - Click the Marker tab In the Custom Marker section, select the plus symbol (+) as the point marker - Click the Text tab In the Color and Visibility section, clear the check box for the Number component In the Text Rotation box, type 45 as the rotation angle for point text Click OK to close the Point Settings dialog box - On the Terrain menu, click Set Current Surface to display the Select Surface dialog box Select the surface named ExistingGround and click OK You can now zoom in on the driveway area to begin creating points - On the View menu, click Named Views to display the View dialog box Under Name, select Driveway, and click Set Current Click OK to display a close-up view of the driveway area Four points have already been created where the driveway ties into the existing roadway, as well as along the easterly edge of the parking lot The two points labeled PI1 and PI2 represent where the driveway edge would theoretically intersect the roadway edge (PI is a commonly used abbreviation for point of intersection.) Click here to see an illustration of the four created points You can now create additional points around the perimeter of the parking lot The initial design concept for this project is to place the driveway entrance on an upward grade of 2% and use downward grades along each edge of the parking lot, creating a low point at the northwest corner (upper-left on the screen) of the parking lot - On the Points menu, select Create Points - SlopeSlope/Grade - Distance - Using the Node Osnap, select a beginning point at PI1 (the point created at the intersection of the westerly driveway edge and the roadway edge) When prompted for a direction, select the intersection at PI3 (the intersection of the parking lot and westerly driveway edge) - Type G and press ENTER to use grades instead of slopes Type 2.00 and press ENTER to use a grade of 2% 10 - Accept the default values for distance, number of intermediate points, offset, and ending point by pressing ENTER at each prompt When prompted for a description, type Perimeter and press ENTER A point with an elevation of 1006.75 is created Press ENTER twice to terminate point creation along this line 11 - On the View menu, click Named Views to display the View dialog box Under Name, select Parking Lot, and click Set Current Click OK to display the entire parking lot 12 - On the Points menu, select Create Points - SlopeSlope/Grade - Distance 13 - Using the Node Osnap, select a beginning point at PI3 When prompted for a direction, select the southwest corner of the parking lot (lower left on the screen) using the End Osnap 14 - Change the grade to -1.4% and press ENTER Accept the default values for distance, number of intermediate points, offset, ending point, and description by pressing ENTER at each prompt A point with an elevation of 1004.06 is created Press ENTER to terminate point creation along this line 15 - Using the Node Osnap, select a beginning point at the southwest corner of the parking lot (the point you just created) When prompted for a direction, select the northwest corner of the parking lot using the End Osnap 16 - Change the grade to -0.9% and press ENTER Accept the default value for distance by pressing ENTER once 17 - Enter for the number of intermediate points Accept the default values for offset, description, and ending point by pressing ENTER at each prompt A point with an elevation of 1000.98 is created at the northwest corner, along with two intermediate points along the westerly edge Press ENTER twice to terminate point creation along this line Points have already been created along the easterly edge of the parking lot Now that you have created grading points around the perimeter of the parking lot, you can build a model of the proposed surface and create a grading object Building a Proposed Surface With grading points established around the perimeter of the parking lot, you can model the parking lot as a surface and use this surface to help create a grading object A surface model is not required to create a grading object, but in this case it will aid in determining elevations at key Nha Trang 04-2008 Duy Cò Autodesk Land Desktop and Civil Design Tutorial 74-85 points of the parking lot Before creating a surface, you will create a point group consisting of the points that define the parking lot perimeter - On the Points menu, select Point ManagementPoint Group Manager to display the Point Group Manager dialog box - On the Manager menu in the Point Group Manager, click Create Point Group to display the Create Point Group dialog box - In the Group Name box, type Perimeter - Clear the Case Sensitive Matching check box - Click the Include tab - Select With Full Desc Matching, and then type Perimeter in the adjacent edit box - Click Apply, and then verify that the Point List displays points 1-2, 5-13 - Click OK to add the points to the point group - Close the Point Group Manager dialog box Now that you have created a point group, you can use this point group to create a surface 10 - On the Terrain menu, click Terrain Model Explorer 11 - On the Manager menu in the Terrain Model Explorer, click Create Surface This creates a surface called Surface1 Right-click Surface1 and select Rename Type the name Parking1 and click OK 12 - In the left pane of the Terrain Model Explorer, click the plus sign (+) next to the Parking1 surface to display the Point Groups and other surface data 13 - Right-click Point Groups and select Add Point Group With Perimeter displayed as the point group name, click OK 14 - Right-click the Parking1 surface and select Build 15 - Select the Use point group data check box, and clear all other check boxes Click OK to build the model Click OK to acknowledge the Done building model message 16 - On the Manager menu in the Terrain Model Explorer, click Close to close the Terrain Model Explorer Now that you have built a proposed surface, you can create a grading object based on this surface Creating a Grading Object with the Grading Wizard You can use the Grading Wizard to easily create grading objects from polylines, lines, arcs, or existing grading objects In this project, the parking lot perimeter is defined by a polyline with a constant elevation of zero By creating a grading object from this polyline, you can assign elevations along the grading object based on the proposed surface (Parking1) you created previously - On the Grading menu, select Slope GradingGrading Wizard - Select the polyline that represents the parking lot footprint - When prompted to pick a side, click anywhere outside of the parking lot The Footprint page of the Grading Wizard is displayed, with numerous vertices listed that define the parking lot footprint - In the Grading Scheme Name box, enter Parking Lot Footprint - In the Footprint Coordinates section, click Assign Elevations - With the Set Elevations from Selected Surface option selected, select the Actual Elevations option and select Parking1 as the surface Click OK Click Next to display the Targets page - In the Grading Target section, select the Surface option and select ExistingGround as the surface Click Next to display the Slopes page - In the Fill Slope section, change the Slope value to 4.00 This corresponds to a 4:1 (horizontal:vertical) slope ratio Leave the cut slope at 3.00 (3:1) and click Next to display the Corners page - Accept the defaults for Corner Treatment (Miter Projection) by clicking Next 10 - Accept the defaults for Accuracy by clicking Next Nha Trang 04-2008 Duy Cò Autodesk Land Desktop and Civil Design Tutorial 75-85 11 - On the Appearance page, verify that the colors for Cut Projections and Cut Daylight are red, and the colors for Fill Projections and Fill Daylight are blue Accept the Appearance values by clicking Finish 12 - Press ENTER to accept the default (No) for deleting the old entity A grading object is created and displayed on the screen Areas of fill are shown in blue, and areas of cut are shown in red Click here for an illustration of the grading object Creating an Additional Grading Object You will often need more than one grading object to adequately represent your project In this example, a building pad with curbing is to be sited within the parking lot You can create a second grading object for the curbing based on the proposed surface that you defined previously - Thaw the layer INTPARKING and make it the current layer - On the Grading menu, click Slope GradingGrading Wizard - Select the polyline that represents the curbing around the building site (The curbing is the cyan-colored polyline that contains arcs around the building corners.) - When prompted to pick a side, click anywhere inside of the curbing The Footprint page of the Grading Wizard appears, with numerous vertices listed that define the footprint - In the Grading Scheme Name box, enter Building Curb - Click Assign Elevations - With the Set Elevations from Selected Surface option selected, select the Actual Elevations option and select Parking1 as the surface Click OK Elevations corresponding to the Parking1 surface are assigned to the polyline vertices Click Next to display the Targets page - In the Grading Target section, select the Elevation option and select Relative Enter an elevation of 0.50, which represents a 6-inch curb height Click Next to display the Slopes page - Change the Slope values to 0.5 for both cut and fill situations This corresponds to a nearly vertical curb face Click Next to display the Corners page 10 - Select the Radial Projection option for corner treatment, and click Next to display the Accuracy page 11 - On the Accuracy page, change the Increment Along Arc Segments setting to 1.0 Click Next to display the Appearance page 12 - Accept the defaults for Appearance by clicking Finish 13 - Type Y and press ENTER to delete the old entity A grading object is created and displayed on the screen A red daylight line is shown parallel with the curb line Click here for an illustration of the newly created grading object Creating a Grading Object with Menu Commands In addition to creating grading objects with the Grading Wizard, as demonstrated earlier in this lesson, you can also create grading objects using the Apply Grading command from the Grading menu This method is convenient when you wish to apply the current grading settings to one or more footprints In this example, the Apply Grading command is applied to two curb islands - On the View menu, click Named Views to display the View dialog box Under Name, select Building, and click Set Current Click OK to display a close-up view of the building area - On the Grading menu, click Slope GradingSettings - On the Targets tab, verify that the Elevation and Relative options are selected, and change the elevation to 0.50 - On the Slopes tab, change the Cut Slope and Fill Slope values to 0.5 - On the Corners tab, select the Radial Projection option - On the Accuracy page, change the Increment Along Arc Segments to 1.0 Click OK to close the Grading Settings dialog box The grading settings can now be applied to a footprint In this case, the two curb islands immediately west of the building have already been created as grading objects that coincide with the Parking1 surface You will create new grading objects from these objects to reflect a 0.5-foot curb height - On the Grading menu, select Slope GradingApply Grading Nha Trang 04-2008 Duy Cò Autodesk Land Desktop and Civil Design Tutorial 76-85 - Select one of the two curb islands When prompted to pick a side, click anywhere inside of the curbing - Type Y and press ENTER to delete the old entity A grading object is created and displayed on the screen 10 - Repeat steps - for the other curb island For simplicity, grading objects were only created for two curb islands in this example The other island areas are assumed to be level with the parking lot surface Click here for an illustration of the curb island grading objects This concludes the grading object creation lesson In the next lesson, you'll learn about modifying grading objects LESSON 34: Modifying Grading Objects You may occasionally need to edit a grading object after it has been created The two main ways to edit grading objects are by using a shortcut menu and by using grips This lesson includes a sampling of editing methods from both categories To work through this lesson follow these steps - Start Autodesk Land Desktop if you have not already done so - On the File menu, click Open to display the Open Drawing: Project Based dialog box The default location folder for project files is c:\Land Projects 2004 If you opted to install these files in another location instead, specify the appropriate project path - From the Project Name list, select TUTORIAL4 From the Select Project Drawing list, select Lesson-34.dwg, and then click OK - On the Projects menu, click Menu Palettes to display the Menu Palette Manager dialog box - From the Menu list, select Civil Design 2004, and then click Load Working through these lessons will result in alteration of the project files Backup copies of these project files can be found in the c:\Program Files\Land Desktop 2004\Landtut folder If this lesson has been previously run, copy these unaltered project files to the \Land Projects 2004 folder when starting a new tutorial session to ensure that the sequence outlined in each lesson can be followed properly Editing Slope Tags Using the Shortcut Menu You can use the Slope Grading shortcut menu to access the grading properties and edit the grading object in a variety of ways Slope tags, which define where slope changes occur along a grading object, provide an easy way to edit grading-object slopes In this example, you will add and modify slope tags along the westerly edge of the parking lot The objective is to adjust grading limits to avoid filling beyond the 1000 contour, which could represent a delineated boundary such as a floodplain - On the View menu, click Named Views to display the View dialog box Under Name, select Building, and click Set Current Click OK to display the building area - At the command prompt, type Ddgrips and press ENTER to display the Options dialog box On the Selection tab, change the Unselected grip color to yellow, and click OK - Select the parking lot grading object by clicking any of the blue projection lines - Right-click to display the shortcut menu, and select Add Slope Tag - Select a location south of where the grading limits intersect the 1000 contour The approximate location you should pick is circled in the following illustration: - Repeat steps - to add two more slope tags Add one where the 1000 contour is nearest the parking lot and one north of where the grading limits intersect the 1000 contour, approximately due west of the northwest building corner These locations are circled in the following illustration: Edited Grips Click here for an illustration of the three new grips - Select the parking lot grading object and right-click to display the shortcut menu Select Edit Slope Tag - Select the middle of the three new slope tags to display the Edit Slope Tag dialog box Nha Trang 04-2008 Duy Cò Autodesk Land Desktop and Civil Design Tutorial 77-85 - Change the Fill Slope to 1.5 and click OK The grading limits are adjusted to avoid encroaching on the 1000 contour Click here for an illustration of the edited grading object Editing Target Regions Using the Shortcut Menu Target regions are sections along a grading object that establish what the slope will project to (a surface, an elevation, or a distance) Using the Slope Grading shortcut menu, you can add and edit target regions Click here for an illustration of the target region you will create (the target region is between the two yellow grips) When you are selecting the target boundary locations, select locations in the drawing that approximately match the yellow grips in the illustration - Select the parking lot grading object and right-click to display the shortcut menu - Select Add Target Region - Select a target boundary location north of the northwest building corner (approximately near the top yellow grip in the illustration) - Repeat steps and to add another boundary between the previous point and the northwest corner of the parking lot (approximately near the bottom yellow grip in the illustration) - Select the parking lot grading object and right-click to display the shortcut menu Select Edit Target Region - Select a point in the new target region to display the Edit Target dialog box - Select the Distance option and change the value to 8, with the Fill option selected Click OK to display the new target region, with the grading limits extending feet from the grading object Deleting Slope Tags Using the Shortcut Menu Using the Slope Grading shortcut menu, you can delete vertices, slope tags, and target regions The following steps delete one of the slope tags created earlier in this lesson - Select the parking lot grading object and right-click to display the shortcut menu - Select Delete Slope Tag - Select a point near the northern-most slope tag that you added previously The grading limits are adjusted accordingly Editing Slope Tags Using Grips Using grips (the square handles that highlight grading objects and other AutoCAD entities) you can graphically modify various properties of grading objects, such as footprint vertices, slope tag locations, slope tag values, and target regions The following steps demonstrate how to edit slope tag locations - Select the parking lot grading object - Select one of the slope tag location grips along the westerly edge of the project (The slope tag location grip is located on the mid-point of a projection line, between the footprint and the grading limits.) Click here for an illustration of a selected location grip - Slide the grip along the footprint to a new location, approximately feet south of its original location, and click The location of the grip is adjusted, along with the grading limits The values for the slope tag remain the same The following steps demonstrate how to edit slope tag values - Select the parking lot grading object - Select one of the slope value grips (The slope value grip is located on the grading limits.) Click here for an illustration of a selected value grip - Slide the grip away from or toward the parking lot footprint, and click where you wish to move the grading limits The slope value is adjusted, along with the grading limits The slope tag location remains at the same station along the footprint - At the command prompt, type List and press ENTER Select the grading object and notice how the slope values have changed Editing Target Regions Using Grips You can use grips to edit target regions much like you edit slope tags - Select the parking lot grading object Nha Trang 04-2008 Duy Cò Autodesk Land Desktop and Civil Design Tutorial 78-85 - Select one of the grips for the target region created earlier in this lesson (Target region grips are single grips located on the mid-point of projection lines.) Click here for an illustration of a selected target region grip - Slide the target region to a new location and click The region is adjusted accordingly Editing Footprint Vertices Using Grips You can modify the footprint of a grading object by moving vertex grips - On the View menu, click Named Views to display the View dialog box Under Name, select Parking Lot, and click Set Current Click OK to display the parking lot - Select the parking lot grading object - Select the footprint vertex at the northwest corner of the parking lot Click here for an illustration of a selected footprint vertex - Slide the vertex grip to a new location and click The grading object is adjusted accordingly Note If you snap to a 3D point when grip editing, the footprint vertex will be moved to the new location of the point selected, thereby changing the Z coordinate of the vertex, as well as the X and Y coordinates - On the Edit menu, click Undo to undo the vertex editing This concludes the grading object modification lesson In the next lesson, you'll learn about creating surfaces from grading objects LESSON 35: Modeling Surfaces with Grading Objects The previous two lessons showed how to create and modify grading objects You can now use these grading objects to build a 3D representation of the surface so that you can better visualize the design and obtain useful information about the project You can model a surface using grading object data, and you can also include breaklines and other features to create a more accurate surface Once you have created a surface, you can create contours for this surface To work through this lesson follow these steps - Start Autodesk Land Desktop if you have not already done so - On the File menu, click Open to display the Open Drawing: Project Based dialog box The default location folder for project files is c:\Land Projects 2004 If you opted to install these files in another location instead, specify the appropriate project path - From the Project Name list, select TUTORIAL4 From the Select Project Drawing list, select Lesson-35.dwg, and then click OK - On the Projects menu, click Menu Palettes to display the Menu Palette Manager dialog box - From the Menu list, select Civil Design 2004, and then click Load Working through these lessons will result in alteration of the project files Backup copies of these project files can be found in the c:\Program Files\Land Desktop 2004\Landtut folder If this lesson has been previously run, copy these unaltered project files to the \Land Projects 2004 folder when starting a new tutorial session to ensure that the sequence outlined in each lesson can be followed properly Creating a Surface from a Grading Object You can create surfaces directly from grading objects These surfaces are created using the footprint, daylight line, and projection lines of a selected grading object, such as the one created for the parking lot in Lesson 33 - On the View menu, click Named Views to display the View dialog box Under Name, select Building, and click Set Current Click OK to display the building area - On the Grading menu, select Slope GradingCreate Surface When prompted to select a grading object, pick one of the blue projection lines around the perimeter of the parking lot (You can pick any part of a grading object, including the footprint, daylight line, or projection lines.) - In the New Surface dialog box, type Proposed Surface as the new surface, and click OK A new surface is created based on the grading object - On the Terrain menu, click Terrain Model Explorer Verify that the new surface is listed as one of the surfaces Nha Trang 04-2008 Duy Cò Autodesk Land Desktop and Civil Design Tutorial 79-85 - On the Manager menu in Terrain Model Explorer, select Close Creating Breaklines from Grading Objects The surface you just created is based solely on a single grading object, and does not reflect any internal features of the parking lot, such as the building pad or curb islands You can add these features as breaklines to more accurately define this surface In this project, these features are already defined as grading objects, so creating breaklines is a simple process - On the Terrain menu, select Set Current Surface Select Proposed Surface as the surface, and click OK - On the Grading menu, select Slope GradingCreate Breaklines When prompted to select a grading object, select the red line that is parallel with the curbing around the building (The curbing is the object that contains arcs around the building corners.) You may need to zoom in on the building area to select the correct line - Press ENTER to accept the addition of breaklines to the current surface, Proposed Surface - Type Building Pad as a description, and press ENTER - Repeat steps - for each of the two curb islands immediately west of the building When prompted for a description, type Curb Island in each case Creating Contours Now that you have created a surface and added breaklines to it, you can create contours for the proposed surface First you need to rebuild the surface to reflect the new breaklines - On the View menu, click Named Views to display the View dialog box Under Name, select Parking Lot, and click Set Current Click OK to display the parking lot On the Terrain menu, click Terrain Model Explorer - In the Terrain Model Explorer, right-click Proposed Surface and select Build to display the Build Proposed Surface dialog box - In the Build Proposed Surface dialog box, select Use breakline data and Convert proximity breaklines to standard Also select Apply Boundaries Clear all other check boxes, and click OK - When the surface has been built, click OK to close the message box alerting you that the process is complete - In the Terrain Model Explorer, right-click Proposed Surface and select Surface DisplayQuickView The triangles of the Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) are displayed Minimize the Terrain Model Explorer so you can see the TIN lines Click here to see an illustration of the TIN - At the command prompt, type Redraw and press ENTER to remove the TIN from the display - On the Terrain menu, click Create Contours to display the Create Contours dialog box - In the Surface box, make sure Proposed Surface is displayed In the Intervals section, change the names of the minor and major contours to PROPCONT-MNR and PROPCONTMJR, respectively Set the Minor Interval to and the Major Interval to Click OK to close the dialog box 10 - When prompted to delete the old contours, press ENTER to accept the default (Yes) 11 - At the command prompt, type Layer and press ENTER to display the Layer Properties Manager Change the color of the PROPCONT-MNR layer to red, and change the color of the PROPCONT-MJR contour to magenta Click OK 12 - On the Terrain menu, select Contour LabelsInterior 13 - When prompted to select a contour, pick one of the purple-colored major contours Pick a label point somewhere near the middle of the contour Press ENTER to exit the labeling routine Click here to see an illustration of the proposed contours The preceding steps showed you how to create contours based on a surface You can also create contours directly from a grading object (on the Grading menu, select Slope GradingCreate Contours), but the contours will only be created within the limits of the grading object Since this project contains multiple grading objects and breaklines, contours were created using a named surface Nha Trang 04-2008 Duy Cò Autodesk Land Desktop and Civil Design Tutorial 80-85 In addition to including breaklines when creating surfaces, you may also want to include other data such as additional points You can add points from an external file or points from a point group such as the one created in Lesson 33 to provide additional surface data, but these have been omitted for simplicity here This concludes the grading object surface modeling lesson In the next lesson, you'll learn about analyzing and adjusting grading designs LESSON 36: Analyzing and Adjusting Grading Designs Once you have modeled a surface, you can use various Land Desktop and Civil Design tools to analyze a surface and refine your design You can check drainage patterns, calculate earthwork volumes using several different methods, balance volumes, and modify your design accordingly To work through this lesson follow these steps - Start Autodesk Land Desktop if you have not already done so - On the File menu, click Open to display the Open Drawing: Project Based dialog box The default location folder for project files is c:\Land Projects 2004 If you opted to install these files in another location instead, specify the appropriate project path - From the Project Name list, select TUTORIAL4 From the Select Project Drawing list, select Lesson-36.dwg, and then click OK Note This lesson is intended to be run in conjunction with Lesson 35, which creates the necessary surface data for analyzing the grading design If you have not yet completed the steps in Lesson 35, you should so before continuing with this lesson - On the Projects menu, click Menu Palettes to display the Menu Palette Manager dialog box - From the Menu list, select Civil Design 2004, and then click Load Working through these lessons will result in alteration of the project files Backup copies of these project files can be found in the c:\Program Files\Land Desktop 2004\Landtut folder If this lesson has been previously run, copy these unaltered project files to the \Land Projects 2004 folder when starting a new tutorial session to ensure that the sequence outlined in each lesson can be followed properly Checking Drainage Patterns You can check drainage patterns of a modeled surface by using the Water Drop command, which traces the path that water would take across a surface - At the command prompt, type Layer and press ENTER to display the Layer Properties Manager Freeze the existing contour layers (CONT-MJR and CONT-MNR), and click OK - On the Terrain menu, click Set Current Surface Select Proposed Surface as the surface, and click OK - On the Terrain menu, select Surface UtilitiesWater Drop to display the Water Drop dialog box - Click OK to accept the default layer of RAN-TRAIL - Press ENTER to accept the default of erasing old water drops - Press ENTER to accept the default of placing tick marks at the beginning of each path - Select several points in the parking lot area to create water drop paths Press ENTER when you are finished - At the command prompt, type Layer and press ENTER to display the Layer Properties Manager Change the color of the RAN-TRAIL layer to cyan, and click OK Click here for an illustration of the water drop paths Note that a low point occurs near the northeasterly corner of the building, where water would be trapped by the two intersecting curb lines This would require either a curb opening to allow the water to pass through on the surface, or a drainage inlet to collect this water and convey it to an underground storm sewer Using the Object Viewer You can use the Object Viewer to display a perspective view of the surface To provide a color-coded display of the surface, you can display the surface as banded 3D faces - On the Terrain menu, select Surface DisplayBanding - 3D Faces to display the Surface Elevation Shading Settings dialog box Nha Trang 04-2008 Duy Cò Autodesk Land Desktop and Civil Design Tutorial 81-85 - In the Number of Ranges box, enter 5, and click Auto Range Click OK twice to accept the values for range limits and range definitions, and return to the Surface Elevation Shading Settings dialog box - Click OK to close the Surface Elevation Shading Settings dialog box - Press ENTER to accept the default of erasing the old range view The Range Statistics dialog box is displayed - Click OK to close the Range Statistics dialog box - At the command prompt, type Layer and press ENTER to display the Layer Properties Manager - Set GRADINGOBJS as the current layer - Freeze all layers except the following: - (zero) - GRADINGOBJS - SRF-FLT - SRF-RNG1 - SRF-RNG2 - SRF-RNG3 - SRF-RNG3 - SRF-RNG4 - SRF-RNG5 - Click OK to continue Click here for an illustration of the surface in plan view With color-coded banding now displayed, you can use the Object Viewer to change the perspective 10 - On the Utilities menu, click Object Viewer 11 - Using a window selection mode, select all of the objects in the parking lot vicinity, and press ENTER The Object Viewer is displayed 12 - In the list box near the top of the Object Viewer, click the down arrow and select SW Isometric view The surface is displayed from a 3D perspective 13 - Using the controls of the Object Viewer, adjust the perspective to obtain different views of the surface (For more information on using the Object Viewer, refer to the online help.) Click here for an illustration of the surface in 3D view Calculating Earthwork Volumes for a Grading Object Land Desktop and Civil Design provide several different methods for calculating earthwork volumes For rough estimating purposes on sites such as the one in this lesson, you can quickly calculate volumes directly from the grading object - If you made changes in the Object Viewer, you may need to restore the previous drawing view On the View menu, click Named Views to display the View dialog box Under Name, select Parking Lot, and click Set Current Click OK to display the parking lot - At the command prompt, type Layer and press ENTER to display the Layer Properties Manager - Thaw the following layers: - CONT-MJR - CONT-MNR - INTPARKING - PARKINGLOT - PROPCONT-MJR - PROPCONT-MNR - Freeze the following layers: - SRF-FLT - SRF-RNG1 - SRF-RNG2 - SRF-RNG3 - SRF-RNG3 Nha Trang 04-2008 Duy Cò Autodesk Land Desktop and Civil Design Tutorial 82-85 - SRF-RNG4 - SRF-RNG5 - Click OK to continue - On the Grading menu, select Slope GradingCalculate Volume - When prompted to select a grading object, pick one of the blue projection lines around the perimeter of the parking lot (You can pick any part of a grading object, including the footprint, daylight line, or projection lines.) After a brief pause while the volumes are calculated, the results are displayed on the command line, with a cut of 137 cu yds., a fill of 4015 cu yds., and a net of 3878 cu yds of fill (Results may vary slightly if you have modified the grading object, as demonstrated in Lesson 34.) The volumes determined from the grading object not include interior features of the parking lot, such as the raised curb islands and the building pad area For more accurate volume calculations, volumes can be calculated using a surface, as described in the next topic Calculating Earthwork Volumes for a Grading Site For the project in this lesson, which includes multiple grading objects and breaklines, calculating composite volumes using a surface provides a practical method For other volume calculation methods, refer to Lesson 17 of the Land Desktop Tutorial Before you can calculate volumes, you need to define a stratum and a site - On the View menu, click Named Views to display the View dialog box Under Name, select Site Definition, and click Set Current Click OK - On the Terrain menu, click Select Current Stratum to display the Define Stratum dialog box - Enter Parking1 for the Name and Gross Volumes for the Description - Click Select for Surface to display the Select Surface dialog box select ExistingGround, and then click OK - Click Select for Surface to display the Select Surface dialog box, select Proposed Surface, and then click OK - Verify that Surface is ExistingGround and Surface is Proposed Surface, and then click OK to continue - On the Terrain menu, select Site DefinitionSite Settings to display the Volume Site Settings dialog box - Verify that the Suffix is cu yds., and click OK - On the Terrain menu, select Site DefinitionDefine Site 10 - Press ENTER to accept a rotation angle of 11 - Select a base point that is south and west of the parking lot (i.e., one that is below and left of the grading limits displayed on the screen) 12 - Enter 50 for the Grid M size, and press ENTER to accept 50 as the Grid N size (Since this site contains relatively flat slopes with no abrupt changes, a 50x50 grid was specified For greater accuracy, particularly in rougher terrain, you may wish to specify a denser grid.) 13 - Select an upper right corner that is north and east of the parking lot (i.e., one that is above and right of the grading limits displayed on the screen) Click here for an illustration of the site outline 14 - Press ENTER to accept the default, No, to changing the size or rotation of the grid, and press ENTER to accept the default for erasing old site outlines 15 - Enter Site1 for the Site name With the site defined, you can proceed with volume calculation 16 - On the Terrain menu, click Composite VolumesCalculate Total Site Volume to display the Site Volume Librarian dialog box 17 - From the Select site list, select Site1, and then click OK to display the Composite Volume Settings dialog box 18 - Accept the default values in this dialog box by clicking OK and displaying the Volume Results Surface dialog box (If you wished to apply shrinkage or swell factors on your project, you would adjust these values here.) The "Current composite surface is Site1 - Gross Volumes dialog Nha Trang 04-2008 Duy Cò Autodesk Land Desktop and Civil Design Tutorial 83-85 box" is displayed after you accept the default values in the Composite Volume Settings dialog box Click Yes to use a different surface The Volume Results Surface dialog box is displayed 19 Enter Site1 - Gross Volumes for the New surface, and then click OK The composite volume calculations are displayed on the command line, with a cut volume of 130 cu yds., a fill volume of approximately 4470 cu yds., and a net volume of approximately 4340 cu yds of fill Balancing Earthwork Volumes As you can see from the previous steps, the fill far exceeds the cut for this project To balance these volumes, you could lower the proposed surface incrementally using a trial-and-error approach, but Civil Design offers a better alternative: the Balance Volumes command This feature can be used to raise or lower grading objects a uniform amount to achieve a desired net volume - On the View menu, click Named Views to display the View dialog box Under Name, select Parking Lot, and click Set Current Click OK - On the Grading menu, select Slope GradingBalance Volumes - When prompted to select a grading object, pick one of the blue projection lines around the perimeter of the parking lot (You can pick any part of a grading object, including the footprint, daylight line, or projection lines.) The Initializing Balance Volumes dialog box appears momentarily, followed by the Balance Volumes dialog box - Enter a Volume Result of (zero), a Cut/Fill Tolerance of 50, and then click Calculate The Calculate button changes to a Stop button that enables you to cancel the process while iterations are being performed After completion, the number of iterations is shown, along with the results of the Balance Volumes command The values specified in the previous step result in a net volume of approximately 38 cubic yards, indicating slightly more fill than cut The new base elevation is approximately 1005, or approximately 1.3 feet lower than the original base elevation of 1006.32 At this point, the grading object has been updated on the screen to reflect the numbers shown in this dialog So far, you have been working only with the finished surface of the proposed conditions, and have not accounted for pavement and subgrade materials imported to the project For this project, assume you have a 4-inch pavement section and an 8-inch gravel section This means that the grading surface is actually foot below the finished surface Under these conditions, the finished surface only needs to be lowered approximately 0.3 feet to achieve balanced earthwork conditions While the Balance Volumes command helped determine the adjustments needed to balance earthwork, you will not want to save the modified grading object Rather you can adjust the grading object downward 0.3 ft using another approach demonstrated in the next topic - Select Cancel to exit the dialog The grading object reverts back to its original state (If you wanted to keep the modified grading object, you would press Accept.) Note The above assumes no swell or shrinkage of on-site materials If conditions warrant applying these factors, you will need to adjust volumes accordingly, as discussed in the previous topic, "Calculating Earthwork Volumes for a Grading Site." Making Adjustments to Grading Designs Based on the results of the Balance Volumes command, the finished surface needs to be lowered approximately 0.3 feet to achieve balanced earthwork conditions Civil Design allows you to raise or lower grading objects incrementally by simply selecting the grading object and pressing Ctrl + or Ctrl -, respectively - On the Grading menu, select Slope GradingGrading Properties - When prompted to select a grading object, pick one of the blue projection lines around the perimeter of the parking lot to display the Grading Properties dialog box - On the Footprint tab, change the Elevation Step to 0.30, and click OK This means you can step the elevation of the grading object up or down in 0.3-foot increments - Again, select the grading object by picking one of the blue projection lines around the perimeter of the parking lot With the grading object highlighted, hold down the Ctrl key and press the - (minus) key (You must use the - key on the numeric keypad, not the one at the top of the keyboard.) Nha Trang 04-2008 Duy Cò Autodesk Land Desktop and Civil Design Tutorial 84-85 - Press ENTER to accept the new base elevation of 1006.02 The Grading Properties dialog box appears - Click OK to close the Grading Properties dialog box At this point the grading object has been adjusted downward uniformly 0.3 feet; however, the other grading objects on this project (the curb around the building pad and the two raised curb islands west of the building) have not been adjusted You can use the same procedure to adjust these grading objects - Repeat steps - for each of the other grading objects on this project (created in Lesson 33) Editing Grading Object Vertices Because the grading object for this project also includes the area where the driveway ties into the existing roadway, this area was also lowered 0.3 feet and no longer matches the roadway You can manually adjust the two affected vertices of the grading object - On the View menu, click Named Views to display the View dialog box Under Name, select Driveway, and click Set Current Click OK to display the driveway - Select the perimeter grading object and right-click to display the shortcut menu - Select Edit Vertex - Select the westerly point where the driveway ties into the existing roadway (circled in the following illustration) - In the Edit Vertex dialog box, change the elevation to reflect its previous value, 1005.92 and click OK - Select the perimeter grading object and right-click to display the shortcut menu - Select Edit Vertex - Select the easterly point where the driveway ties into the existing roadway (circled in the following illustration) - In the Edit Vertex dialog box, change the elevation to reflect its previous value, 1006.32 and click OK The points created along the perimeter (in Lesson 33) are not associated with the grading object, and have not been lowered You need to also adjust these elevations accordingly 10 - On the Points menu, select Edit PointsDatum 11 - When prompted for a change in elevation, type -0.3 and press ENTER 12 - Type D for Dialog to display the Points dialog box 13 - Click the Reset button at the lower-left of the dialog box to clear any previous point selection 14 - Verify that Enable Filtering is selected, and that the Case Sensitive Matching check box is cleared 15 - Click the Include tab 16 - Select the With Full Desc Matching check box In the adjacent text box, type Perimeter 17 - Click Build List to find all points with this description and update the Point List The Point List should contain points 1-2, 5-13 Note If you did not complete Lesson 33 in this tutorial, then the Point List should contain points 1-2, 5-8 To edit all of the perimeter points, use the Check Points Modify Project command on the Points menu to add all perimeter points in the drawing to the project database Points numbered 14-18 in the Lesson-36.dwg file represent the perimeter points created in Lesson 33 You don't want to edit the two driveway points that match into the existing road, so use the following step to exclude those two points from the selection 18 - Click the Exclude tab 19 - Select the With Number Matching check box, and then click the Selection Set in Drawing button 20 - Select the two driveway points that match into the existing roadway and then press ENTER to return to the Points dialog box 21 - Verify that points and are listed in the With Number Matching edit box, and then click Build List The Point List should contain points 5-13 only (these numbers will be different if you did not complete Lesson 33) Nha Trang 04-2008 Duy Cò Autodesk Land Desktop and Civil Design Tutorial 85-85 22 - Click OK to close the dialog box Now that you have made the necessary adjustments to the surface, you can recreate the proposed surface and contours using the steps described in Lesson 35 You can also recalculate earthwork using the procedures described earlier in Lesson 36 Click here for an illustration of the revised contours This concludes the Autodesk Civil Design tutorial For more information about Civil Design features, see the online help Nha Trang 04-2008 Duy Cò ... concludes the Autodesk Land Desktop tutorial For more information about the features of Autodesk Land Desktop, see the online help Nha Trang 04-2008 Duy Cò Autodesk Land Desktop and Civil Design Tutorial. .. Tutorial 45-85 Autodesk Civil Design Tutorial Nha Trang 04-2008 Duy Cò Autodesk Land Desktop and Civil Design Tutorial 46-85 Welcome to the Autodesk Civil Design tutorial This tutorial has 16 lessons.. .Autodesk Land Desktop and Civil Design Tutorial 2-85 Welcome to the Autodesk Land Desktop tutorial This tutorial has 20 lessons about projects, points,