RELATIVE CLAUSES Week: Period: A/ Aims : -Help them know and use the relative clauses effectively . - Ss have a change to practice their knowledge. B/ Contents I/ Definition : - Mệnh đề quan hệ hay mệnh đề tính từ la mệnh đề phụ để bổ nghóa cho danh từ đứng trước nó (tiền ngữ ) II/Usage: 1. Relative pronouns a. Who: chỉ người , thay thế cho chủ từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ N + who +V Ex: The man is my teacher . He is standing over there  The man who is standing over there is my teacher S V b. Whom : chỉ người , thay cho tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ N + whom + S + V Ex : The man is my teacher . You met him yesterday  The man whom you met yesterday is my teacher. O S V c. Whose : Thay cho tinh từ sở hữu trong mệnh đề quan hệ . Sau whose phải có danh từ V N + whose + N + S + V Ex1 : The man is my teacher . His son is very intelligent  The man whose son is very intelligent is my teacher S V Ex2 : The man is my teacher .You borrowed his books yesterday  The man whose books you borrowed yesterday is my teacher O S V d. Which : chỉ sự vật , sự việc , thay cho chủ từ hoặc tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ V N + which + S + V N + who, whom ,which, whose, that . . . Ex1 : This is the book . It is very interesting  This is the book which is very interesting S V Ex2 : This is the book . I like it best .  This is the book which I like best. O S V e. That : - thay thế cho who ,whom, which trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác đònh ( restrictive clauses) - “That” is not used ( không được dùng ) : + Trong mệnh đệ quan hệ không xác đònh ( non- restrictive clauses) + Khi đứng sau giới từ ( after prepositions ) Ex : The dog to which I gave a bone is very angry  The dog to that I gave a bone is very angry ( sai) - That bắt buộc phải được dùng : + Sau phép so sánh nhất ( after the superlative form) Ex : This is the most beautiful girl that I’ve seen + Sau một tiền trí từ hỗn độn (chỉ cả người lẫn vật)( the antecedent is both persons and things Ex: I saw men, women, cats, and dogs that moved around and around + Sau các từ như ( after some words such as ) : all, every, very, only, some, any , no , first , last, much ,little . . . Ex: He reads every book that he can borrow You are the only person that can help me Notes : Nếu trong mệnh đề quan hệ có giới từ thì nó sẽ được chuyển lên trước mệnh đề quan hệ N + who(m)/ which/ that + S + V + prepositions ( in, on , at, with, to , . . .) = N + prepositions + whom , which + S + V Ex : The man who(m) you are talking to is my teacher  the man to whom you are talking is my teacher 2. Relative clauses a. Restrictive clauses ( mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn) Là mệnh đềä rất cần thiết để bổ nghóa cho mệnh đề chính, nên không thể bỏ được b. Non – Restrictive clauses ( mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn) Là mệnh đề chỉ cung cấp thêm thông tin phụ , không cần thiết cho ngữ nghóa của câu ,nó được tách khỏi mệnh đề chính bằng dấu phảy, nên ta có thể bỏ được Tiền ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn đã được xác đònh bởi : + Danh từ riêng ( Mr David, . . . ) + Tính từ sở hữu : ( Ex: My cat, which I love very much, is white) + có đại từ chỉ đònh : this , that ,these , those + có nhóm từ phụ nghóa : (Ex: The car in the garage , which is red, is very expensive) °”which” bổ nghóa cho cả câu ( to modify a whole sentence ) Ex : The children have to go to the town , which is two miles away Comparison between restrictive clauses and non- restrictive clauses Restrictive clauses Non-restrictive clauses - Necessary ( cần thiết) - Can’t be omitted (không thể bỏ) - Without commas (không dấu phảy) - “ that” can be used ( được dùng that) - “that ,who(m), which”+ S + V = S + V - unnecessary (không cần thiết) - can be omitted(có thể bỏ) - with commas(có dấu phảy) - “that” can’t be used( không được dùng that) - “ Who(m) / which” + S + V can’t be omitted PRACTICE : I/ combine these sentences using relative clause 1. Here is the book .It is on wild animals ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2. These are the picture books .They interest the pupils ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3. Jack has many dictionaries . They are kept for reference ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4. The large room is the library . It is near the laboratory ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5. The long table is for reading. It is in the middle of the room ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6. The books are for reference. They are on the stacks near the librarian ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7. We saw the reader . The reader was reading a newspaper ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8. I met a man . His sister works in television ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9. This library is free for the teachers staff. They come here to do their research ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10. A girl was injured in the accident . She is now in hospital ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11. I found a cat . The cat’s leg was broken ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12. That is the woman . She kept this library ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13. This is the boy . I told you about him ( This is the boy whom/ that I told you about) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14. The man turned out to be my friend’s father. He sat next to me on the bus ( The man who/ that sat next to me on the bus turned out to be my friend’s father ) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15. Ann is very friendly . She lives next door. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16. We stayed at the Grand Hotel . Ann recommended it to us ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17. John is one of my closet friends. I have known him for a very long time ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18. Shiela is away from home a lot . Her job involves a lot of traveling. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19. We often go to visit our friends in Bristol . it is only thirty miles away ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20. The young man came to see me about the job . His father used to be my neighbour ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- II/ Choose the correct 1. Yoko told me about students _____________ have taken the entrance exam 13 times a. who b. whom c. which d. whose 2. The secretary __________ I talked to didn’t know where the meeting was a. which b. who c. that d. she 3. You need to talk to a person___________ you can trust .You will feel better if you do a. whose b. which c. whom d. nothing 4. Bob is the kind of person to ____________ one can talk about anything . a. who b. whom c. that d. him 5. He is a person ______________ friends trust him a. who b. his c. that d. whose 6. I’m looking for an electric can opener ____________ also can sharpen knives a. who b. whom c. which d. whose 7. People __________ live in glass houses shouldn’t throw stones. a. who b. whom c. which d. whose 8. The problems_____________ Tony has seem insurmountable a. what b. he c. that d. who 9. The man ____________ I introduced you to last night may be the next president of the university. a. which b. that c. him d. he 10. Cathy is trustworthy. She is a person upon _______________ you can always depend a. who b. whom c. that d. nothing 11. Your career should focus on a field in _______________ you are genuinely interested a. which b. what c. that d. nothing 12. People______________ outlook on life is optimistic are usually happy people a. whose b. whom c. that d. which 13. Ms .Donaldon _____________ teaches linguistics at the university , recently received recognition for her research a. who b. whom c. which d. that 14. The earth, ________________ is the fifth largest planet in the solar system , is the third planet from the sun a. who b. whom c. which d. that 15.The check __________________ I gave Oliver was for work he’d done for me a. who b. which c. whom d. whose 16. Melanie was looking after a dog _______________ leg had been broken in an accident a. which b. whose c. that d. its 17.One of the people arrested was Mary Arundel ,_______________ is a member of the local council a. that b. who c. whom d. nothing 18. The Titanic ,_______________ sank in 1992 , was supposed to be unsinkable a. whose b. that c. which d. who 19. The Newspaper is owned by the Mearson Group ,______________ chairman is Sir James Bex a. which b. that c. who d. whose 20. She is one of the few people to_________________ I look up a. who b. whom c. that d. nothing 21. Ms. Donaldson ,__________________ teaches linguistics at the university , recently received recognition for her research on the use of gestures in communication a. who b. that c. whom d. whose 22. A professor _____________________ teaches biology at the university received an award for outstanding research a. who b. which c. whose d. whom 23. The earth, __________________ is the fifth largest planet in the solar system , is the third planet from the sun a. who b. which c. that d. whom 24. She was probably the hardest working student______________ I’ve ever taught a. who b. that c. whom d. all are correct 25. The company offered the position to John _______________ department per-formed best this year a. who b. whose c. which d. that 26. The machine __________________ I have to use in my job cost over a million pounds a. who b. which c. whom d. whose 27. The award for the Most Valuable Player was won by a player ________________ the coaches and the entire team respect a. who b. whom c. that d .all are correct 28. Do you remember the date _________________ we have to submit the first essay? a. which b. who c. that d. where 29. I didn’t get a pay rise, but this wasn’t the reason______________ I left a. which b. that c. when d. who 30. The film was made in Botswana,_______________ wildlife parks are larger than those in Kenya a. who b. which c. that d. whose 31. We went out with Henry,_________________ I once had lunch with a. when b. which c. that d. whom 32. Mr. Carter, to _____________I spoke on the phone last night, is very interested in out plan a. who b. whom c. which d. that 33. I used to enjoy this hotel,________________ we had a big family holiday a. which b. when c. that d. where 34.We only employ people ___________ already have computer skills a. who b. whom c. they d. those 35. Arlene Black ,_________________ Guy invited onto his chat show , never turned up a. who b. which c. that d. whose 36. It is Bill ____________ telephoned you a. which b. what c. who d. whom 37. The film__________________ we saw yesterday was not good a. Who b. whom c. which d. all are correct 38. Se is the saleslady_____________ sold me the merchandise a. who b. whom c. which d. what 39. was it Jane ____________________ said that? a. who b. whom c. which d. whose 40. Is this the map ____________________ you lost? a. who b. whom c. which d. whose KEYS: I/ combine these sentences using relative clause 21. Here is the book which/ that is on wild animals 22. These are the picture books which/ that interest the pupils 23. Jack has many dictionaries which/ that are kept for reference 24. The large room ,which is near the laboratory, is the library 25. The long table ,which is in the middle of the room, is for reading 26. The books which are on the stacks near the librarian are for reference 27. We saw the reader who was reading a newspaper 28. I met a man whose sister works in television 29. This library is free for the teachers staff who come here to do their research 30. A girl who is now in hospital was injured in the accident 31. I found a cat whose leg was broken 32. That is the woman who kept this library 33. This is the boy whom/ that I told you about 34. The man who/ that sat next to me on the bus turned out to be my friend’s father 35. Ann, who lives next door, is very friendly . 36. We stayed at the Grand Hotel ,which Ann recommended to us 37. John, whom I have known for a very long time, is one of my closet friends. 38. Shiela , job involves a lot of traveling, is away from home a lot 39. We often go to visit our friends ,who are very friendly, in Bristol 40. The young man, whose father used to be my neighbour ,came to see me about the job II/ choose the best correct 1a 2c 3c 4b 5d 6c 7a 8c 9b 10b 11a 12a 13a 14c 15b 16b 17b 18c 19d 20b 21a 22a 23b 24d 25b 26b 27d 28c 29b 30d 31d 32b 33a 34a 35c 36c 37c 38a 39a 40c . RELATIVE CLAUSES Week: Period: A/ Aims : -Help them know and use the relative clauses effectively . - Ss have a change. I like it best .  This is the book which I like best. O S V e. That : - thay thế cho who ,whom, which trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác đònh ( restrictive clauses)