READING IELTS 5.0 Table completion You are going to read a passage about cities around the world Before you read, decide if these are good or bad aspects of cities Write G (good) or B (bad) friendly inhabitants READING THE WORLD’S FRIENDLIEST CITY social psychologists = nhà tâm lý xã hội - reaction (n) = phản ứng crime (n) = tội ác -carry out (v) = conduct = tiến hành locals (n) = người địa phương - drop (v) = đánh rơi - pretend (v) = giả vờ treat (v) = đối xử - stranger (n) = người lạ mặt - research (v) = nghiên cứu conclude (v) = kết luận - inhabitant (n) = cư dân - consider (v) = coi be short of = thiếu - ignore (v) = lờ - pay attention to = ý đến A team of social psychologists from California has spent six years studying the reactions of people in cities around the world to different situations The results show that cities where people have less money generally have friendlier populations Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, which is often known for its crime, comes out top, and the capital of Malawi, Lilongwe, comes third But what makes one city friendlier than another? The psychologists from California state University say it has got more to with environment than culture or nationality They carried out a study into the way locals treated strangers in 23 cities around the world The team conducted their research through a series of tests, where they dropped pens or pretended they were blind and needed help crossing the street The study concludes that people are more helpful in cities with a more relaxed way of life such as Rio While they were there, researchers received help in 93 percent of cases, and the percentage in Lilongwe was only a little lower However, richer cities such as Amsterdam and New York are considered the least friendly Inhabitants of Amsterdam helped the researchers in 53 percent of cases and in New York just 44 percent The psychologists found that, in these cities, people tend to be short of time, so they hurry and often ignore strangers 10 adapted from an article by Victoria Harrison, BBC News A- Match the words and phrases in italics in the passage with the following words and phrases : 1- inhabitants 4- has reputation for 2- lifestyle 5- have little 3- don’t have so much 6- don’t pay attention to 7- B-Now complete the table Choose ONE word from the passage for each answer 81city 2- positive aspects 3- negative aspects 4- °/o of help 9received • People don’t 5- Rio de 993% • friendly have so Janeiro inhabitants 7- .much • more • Has reputation 6- lifestyle for 13- People 1012• richer 15- Amsterdam: • have little 53% Amsterda • don’t pay m and 16- New York: attention 44% 11New 14- .to York QUESTIONS 1- Which four cities are mentioned? 2- Which is the friendliest? 3- What methods did the psychologists use to find out how friendly people are ? 4- Why are people in cities with less money friendlier? 10- READING THE HAPPIEST COUNTRY IN THE WORLD 11- -diverse (a) = đa dạng - preserve (v) = bảo tồn - release (v) = tung 12- -‘index (n) = số -rank (v) = xếp hạng - ‘impact (n) = tác động , ảnh hưởng 13- -citizen (n) = công dân -economics (n) = kinh tế học -mid-income = thu nhập trung bình 14- -nutrition (n) = dinh dưỡng - status (n) = địa vị - examine (v) = xem xét 15- -measurement (n) = thước đo - reflect (v) = phản ánh - outcome (n) = hậu 16- - to satisfy basic needs = thỏa mãn nhu cầu -landscape (n) = phong cảnh 17- - surround (v) = bao vây -government (n) = nhà nước - have access to= tiếp cận 18- -health-care (n) = chăm sóc y tế - foundation (n) = tổ chức , quỹ tài trợ 19- - relationship (n) = mối quan hệ - national level (n) = mức độ / bình diện quốc gia 20- - research (v) = nghiên cứu - researcher (n) = nhà nghiên cứu 2122- Children growing up in Costa Rica are surrounded by some of the most beautiful and diverse landscapes in the world Preserving tropical rainforests isn’t Costa Rica’s only success, because the government also makes sure everyone has access to health-care and education So when the New Economics Foundation released its second Happy Planet Index, Costa Rica came out number one The index is a ranking of countries based on their impact on the environment and the health and happiness of their citizens 23- According to Mariano Rojas, a Costa Rican economics professor, Costa Rica is a mid-income country where citizens have plenty of time for themselves and for their relationships with others.‘A mid-income level allows most citizens to satisfy their basic needs The government makes sure that all Costa Ricans have access to education, health and nutrition services.’ Costa Ricans, he believes, are not interested in status or spending money to show how successful they are 24- Created in 2008, the Happy Planet Index examines happiness on a national level and ranks 143 countries according to three measurements: their citizens’ happiness, how long they live (which reflects their health), and how much of the planet’s resources each country consumes According to researcher Saamah Abdallah, the Index also measures the outcomes that are most important, and those are happy, healthy lives for everyone 25adapted from Yes! Magazine A- Read the passage quickly and answer the questions 1- Who is Mariano Rojas? 2- Who is Saamah Abdallah? B- What each number refers to? – Match up a) A- when the index was created b) B- the number of measurements c) 143 C- Costa Rica’s position on the index d) 2008 D- the number of countries on the index C- Finds word in the passage which mean the same as the following words 1- started = 4- 4-the quantity = 2- lists = 5- 5-uses = 3- effect = 6- 6-population 7D- Complete the notes Choose ONE WORD OR / NUMBER from the passage for each gap 8The Happy Planet Index 9- Year started: 10- Number of countries it lists: 11- Measures 12- each country's happiness according to: ■ its effect on the (i.e the quantity of the Earth's 13- that it uses 14- ■ 123451812- the of the population (i.e how long people live) 15■ how happy its are 1617- E- Which of these things you think are important in making happy? being healthy 6-having good relationships earning a lot of money 7-living in a beautiful place having a good education 8- being famous safe and clean environment 9- good health services a happy family 10- employment opportunities Pre-question : Where did Stark travel most- in Africa and America or in Europe and the Middle East? How many languages could she speak? Freya Stark, explorer and writer 19212223- 24- 26272829303132333435- 20- Freya stark travelled to many areas of the Middle East, often alone Freya stark was an explorer who lived during a time when explorers were regarded as heroes She travelled to distant areas of the Middle East, where few Europeans - especially women - had travelled before She also travelled extensively in Turkey, Greece, Italy, Nepal and Afghanistan Stark was born in Paris in 1893 Although she had no formal education as a child, she moved about with her artist parents and learned French, German and Italian She entered London University in 1912, but at the start of World War I, she joined the nurse corps and was sent to Italy After the war, she returned to London and attended the School of Oriental Studies Her studies there led to extensive travel in the Middle East, enabling her to eventually become fluent in Persian, Russian and Turkish Stark became well known as a traveller and explorer in the Middle East She travelled to the Lebanon in 1927 at the age of 33 when she had saved enough money, and while there, she studied Arabic In 1928, she travelled by donkey to the Jebel Druze, a mountainous area in Syria During another trip, she went to a distant region of the Elburz, a mountain range in Iran, where she made a map She was searching for information about an ancient Muslim sect known as the Assassins, which she wrote about in Valley of the Assassins (1934), a classic for which she was awarded a Gold Medal by the Royal Geographic Society For the next 12 years, she continued her career as a traveller and writer, establishing a style which combined an account of her journeys with personal commentary on the people, places, customs, history and politics of the Middle East 25adapted from Science and its times,2000 -explorer (n) = nhà thám hiểm -be regarded as = coi -hero (n) = anh hùng -distant area / region = khu vực xa xôi - travelled extensively / extensive travel du lịch nhiều nơi - formal education = giáo dục quy - the Middle East = Vùng Trung Đông - Turkey (n) = nước Thổ- nhĩ - kỳ  Turkish (n) = tiếng Thổ - nhĩ - kỳ -corps = corporation (n) = tập đoàn đa quốc gia - oriental (a) / ,0:ri’entl / = phương Đơng - fluent (a) =nói lưu lốt - eventually (adv) = cuối - Persian (n) / ‘p3:~n/ = tiếng Iran / Ba-tư - Arabic (n) / ‘`r6b1k / = tiếng Ả rập - mountain range (n) = rặng núi - search for (v) = tìm kiếm - ancient (a) /’e1n~6nt / = cổ xưa - Muslim sect (n) /’m$zl1m / m^ / = giáo phái Hồi giáo - classic (n) = tác phẩm kinh điển - career (n) = nghiệp - politics (n) = trị -establish (v) = thành lập - style (n) = phong cách nghệ thuật , văn phong - account (n) = báo cáo / mô tả , thông tin, tường thuật – journey (n) = chuyến - commentary (n) /’k0m6ntri / = bình luận , thích -customs (n) = phong tục 36373839- EXERCISE 1: Look at this flow chart Choose no more than two words and / or a number from the passage for each answer 40Freya Stark 41Born in Paris in 1893 1234- 42↓ 43First formal education at (1) 44↓ 45Worked as a (2) in Italy 46↓ 47Studied at School of Oriental Studies 48↓ 49Travelled to the Lebanon, where she learned (3) 50↓ 51Made a journey to the Syrian mountains on a (4) 52↓ 53In 1934, won a (5) for a book 54↓ 55Spent a further (6) in the Middle East 56- EXERCISE : Answer the questions Choose no more than two words and / or a number from the passage What word did people use to describe explorers when Stark was alive? What historical event interrupted Stark’s university education? What did Stark produce while traveling in Iran, in addition to a book? What group of people did Stark research in Iran? 57- MAU PIAILUG , OCEAN NAVIGATOR navigate (v) /’n`v1ge1t / = lái tàu , định hướng - navigation (n) navigational instruments = dụng cụ định hướng - navigator (n) = người lái tàu , nhà hàng hải seafarer (n) / ‘si:fe6r6/ = thủy thủ - distant past = khứ xa xăm expedition (n) = thám hiểm - be populated = có nhiều dân cư trú by accident = tình cờ - to observe stars = quan sát behave (v) = vận hành , hoạt động  behavior (n) - confident (a) = tự tin voyage (n) = chuyến hải trình - crew (n) = thủy thủ đoàn - compass (n) /’k^mp6s / = la bàn chart (n) = hải đồ -a circle of stones = vòng tròn gồm cục đá memorise (v) = học thuộc lòng , ghi nhớ - position (n) = vị trí - prove (v) = chứng tỏ represent (v) = tượng trưng - read (v) = nghiên cứu , xem đoán ( mộng ) inhabitant (n) = cư dân - lay (laid/ laid ) out = xếp đặt , bố trí - keen (a) = nhiệt tình , xuất sắc - pass on (v) = truyền lại, để lại - secret (n) = bí / mật 58- Mau sailed from Hawaii to Tahiti using traditional methods 59- In early 1976, Mau Piailug, a fisherman, led an expedition in which he sailed a traditional Polynesian boat across 2,500 miles of ocean from Hawaii to Tahiti The Polynesia Voyaging Society had organised the expedition Its purpose was to find out if seafarers in the distant past could have found their way from one island to the other without navigational instruments, or whether the islands had been populated by accident At the time, Mau was the only man alive who knew how to navigate just by observing the stars, the wind and the sea 60- He had never before sailed to Tahiti, which was a long way to the south However, he understood how the wind and the sea behave around islands, so he was confident he could find his way The voyage took him and his crew a month to complete and he did it without a compass or charts 61- His grandfather began the task of teaching him how to navigate when he was still a baby He showed him pools of water on the beach to teach him how the behaviour of the waves and wind changed in different places Later, Mau used a circle of stones to memorise the positions of the stars Each stone was laid out in the sand to represent a star 62- The voyage proved that Hawaii’s first inhabitants came in small boats and navigated by reading the sea and the stars Mau himself became a keen teacher, passing on his traditional secrets to people of other cultures so that his knowledge would not be lost He explained the positions of the stars to his students, but he allowed them to write things down because he knew they would never be able to remember everything as he had done 63- EXERCISE 1: find the words or phrases in italics in the passage; and then decide if the statements are TRUE, FALSE or NOT GIVEN At the time of his voyage, Mau had unique navigational skills Mau was familiar with the sea around Tahiti Mau thought it would be difficult to use a compass and charts Mau’s grandfather was his only teacher Mau used stones to learn where each star was situated in the sky The first inhabitants of Hawaii could read and write Mau expected his students to memorise the positions of the stars 64- Complete the sentences below with words and phrases from the box - city centre - country - mountains - outskirts - sea - suburbs Feodor is keen on climbing and he would love to live in the Khaled lives in the , just near the main square and next to the central station Leila takes a bus to get to college from her home on the of the city Hua was born and brought up in the , surrounded by fields and farms I don’t really live in the city; I live in a village nearby, so I suppose I live in the Piau’s father was a fisherman, so he has always lived by the 65- Match the phrases on the left with phrases on the right which express similar ideas 66- 1-crowded 7482- a-Everyone is in a rush streets 83- b-The local population is very welcoming 67- 2- public 84- c-The pavements are full of people transport 7585- d-quiet way of life 68- 3-friendly 86- e-is known for inhabitant 87- f-There are wonderful views from the hotel s 7688- g-The underground will take you rapidly where you 69- 4-lots to want to go 89- h-There are plenty of interesting places to visit 70- 5-people 77in a hurry 71- 6spectacula 78r scenery 72- 7-has a reputation 79for 73- 8-a relaxed 80life style 7 818 90- Reading : Matching headings A- Quickly underline these words in the passage (1-8) Then match them with their definitions ( a-h) 91- 1100108a-air pollution in a city that is a c mixture of smoke, gases and chemicals o 109b-situation when something is full n 101or blocked, especially with traffic g 110c-describes a country or an area of e the world which is poorer and has lessst 102advanced industries io 111d- describes a country with an n advanced level of technology, industries, 92- 2103etc s 112e- money that you pay to use a m bridge, road, etc o 104113f-not at the most popular and g expensive time 93- 3114g-someone who travels regularly 94- 95- 9697- 98- d e v el o p e d 4d e v el o pi n g 5c o m m ut er 6to ll 7ru s h h o ur 8o ffp e a k 1056 1067 between work and home 115h-the time when a lot of people are travelling to or from work and some roads and trains are very busy 116- 1078 99117-traffic congestion (n) = tắc nghẽn giao thông - smog = smoke and fog = khói sương mù 118-commuter (n) = thị dân - private (a)  privacy (n) = riêng tư –global (a) = toàn cầu 119- promising technique= kỹ thuật đầy hứa hẹn -automobile (n) = xe 120- congestion pricing = chi phí tắc nghẽn -where’by (adv) = nhờ / qua – complain (v) = phàn nàn 121-charge (v) = tính giá -toll (n) = lệ phí cầu đường - in theory = lý thuyết 122- in practice = mặt thực hành -cancel (v) = hủy bỏ - rush hours = cao điểm 123- employer (n) = ông chủ - employee (n) = nhân viên - ‘implement (v) = thi hành 124- flexitime (n) / ‘fleksita1m/ = làm việc linh hoạt -off-‘peak (a) = cao điểm 125- urban planners = nhà quy hoạch đô thị - cars off the road = không sử dụng xe , tránh đường 126- accommodate (v) = chứa đựng - forward-thinking (a) = biết lo xa – unwilling (a) = khơng sẵn lòng 1234- 127- encourage (v) = khuyến khích -capacity (n) / k6’pes6ti/ = sức chứa , cơng suất - funding (n) = tài trợ 128-upgrade (v) = nâng cấp – tiny (a) = nhỏ xíu - staff (n) = nhân viên quan 129130A-Traffic congestion affects people throughout the world Traffic jams cause smog in dozens of cities across both the developed and developing world In the US, commuters spend an average of a full working week each year sitting in traffic jams, according to the Texas Transportation Institute While alternative ways of getting around are available, most people still choose their cars because they are looking for convenience, comfort and privacy 131B -The most promising technique for reducing city traffic is called congestion pricing, whereby cities charge a toll to enter certain parts of town at certain times of day In theory, if the toll is high enough, some drivers will cancel their trips or go by bus or train And in practice it seems to work: Singapore, London and Stockholm have reduced traffic and pollution in city centres thanks to congestion pricing 132C- Another way to reduce rush-hourtraffic is for employers to implement flexitime, which lets employees travel to and from work at off-peak traffic times to avoid the rush hour Those who have to travel during busy times can their part by sharing cars Employers can also allow more staff to telecommute (work from home] so as to keep more cars off the road altogether 133D- Some urban planners still believe that the best way to ease traffic congestion is to build more roads, especially roads that can take drivers around or over crowded city streets But such techniques not really keep cars off the road; they only accommodate more of them 134E- Other, more forward-thinking, planners know that more and more drivers and cars are taking to the roads every day, and they are unwilling to encourage more private automobiles when public transport is so much better both for people and the environment For this reason, the American government has decided to spend some $7 billion on helping to increase capacity on public- transport systems and upgrade them with more efficient technologies But environmentalists complain that such funding is tiny compared to the $50 billion being spent on roads and bridges 135- adapted from ©The Environmental Magazine Earthtalk 136EXERCISE B- Choose the correct heading for each paragraph 5A solution which is no solution 6- Not doing enough Changing working practices 7- Paying to get in Closing city centres to traffic 8- A global problem Making cars more environmentally friendly 9EXERCISE C : How many solutions to traffic congestions are mentioned? 10- EXERCISE A: Read the passage quickly Who is/was: 1- Willis Carrier? 2- Jed Brown? 11- AIR CONDITIONING 12- The history of art invention that makes life more pleasant 13- Willis Carrier designed the first air-conditioning unit in 1902, just a year after graduating from Cornell University with a Masters in Engineering 14- At a Brooklyn printing plant, fluctuations in heat and moisture were causing the size of the printing paper to keep changing slightly, making it hard to align different colours Carrier’s invention made it possible to control temperature and humidity levels and so align the colours The invention also allowed industries such as film, processed food, textiles and pharmaceuticals to improve the quality of their products 15- In 1914, the first air-conditioning device was installed in a private house However, its size, similar to that of an early computer, meant it took up too much space to come into widespread use, and later models, such as the Weathermaker, which Carrier brought out in the 1920s, cost too much for most people Cooling for human comfort, rather than industrial need, really took off when three air conditioners were installed in the J.L Hudson Department Store in Detroit, Michigan People crowded into the shop to experience the new invention The fashion spread from department stores to cinemas, whose income rose steeply as a result of the comfort they provided 16- To start with, money-conscious employers regarded air conditioning as a luxury They considered that if they were paying people to work, they should not be paying for them to be comfortable as well So in the 1940s and ’50s, the industry started putting out a different message about its product: according to their research, installing air conditioning increased productivity amongst employees They found that typists increased their output by 24% when transferred from a regular office to a cooled one Another study into office working conditions, which was carried out in the late ’50s, showed that the majority of companies cited air conditioning as the single most important contributor to efficiency in offices 17- However, air conditioning has its critics Jed Brown, an environmentalist, complains that air conditioning is a factor in global warming Unfortunately, he adds, because air conditioning leads to higher temperatures, people have to use it even more However, he admits that it provides a healthier environment for many people in the heat of summer 18- NOTES: -global warming (n) = ấm dần lên toàn cầu -admit (v) = thừa nhận 19- - air-conditioning unit =máy điều hòa -graduate (v) = tốt nghiệp - printing plant (n) = nhà máy in 20- - a Masters in Engineering = kỹ sư - fluctuation (n) /,fl^k t~u’e1~n / = dao động - textiles (n) = vải dệt 21- - moisture (n) / ‘m01s t~6/ = humidity =độ ẩm - processed food = thực phẩm chế biến 22- - align different colours = cân chỉnh màu sắc khác - bring out (v) = đưa 23- - pharmaceuticals (n) / ,fa:m6’sju:tiklz/ = dược phẩm -to rise steeply = tăng nhanh 24- - money-conscious (a) = có ý thúc tiền bạc - regard as (v) = coi 25- - luxury (n) = đồ xa xỉ - productivity (n) = ‘output = sản lượng - amongst = among = 26- - transfer (v) = chuyển - cite as (v) = viện dẫn - con’tributor (n) = yếu tố đóng góp 27- - efficiency (n) = suất -critic (n) = người trích -factor (n) = yếu tố 28- 1- When Willis Carrier invented air conditioning, his aim was to 29- A - make workers feel cooler B - produce more attractive paper 30- C- set up a new business D- solve problems in a factory 31- 2- Home air conditioners were not popular at first because they were 32- A- too big and expensive B -not considered necessary 33- C- too inefficient D -complicated to use 34- 3-Employers refused to put air conditioning in workplaces at first because they 35- A- could not afford to pay for it B- thought it was more suitable for cinemas 36- C-did not want to spend money improving working conditions 37- D- thought people would not work so hard in comfortable conditions 38- 4-What was the purpose of the research done in the 1940s and ’50s? 39- A -to make office workers produce more B- to compare different types of air conditioner 40- C- to persuade businesses to buy air conditioners D- to encourage employees to change offices 41- 5-What does Jed Brown say about air conditioning? 42- A- In future, everyone will need it B- Turning it off will not reduce global warming 43- C- It can seriously damage people’s health D It is good for people, but bad for the environment 44- A-Read the passage below quickly 45- 1-When did Rubik start working on his Cube? 46- 2-When did it become a success? 47- 3-Find out their jobs : a- Tibor Laczi b- Tom Kremer 48- 4-Underline five cities 49- B-Underline these words (1-6) in the passage Then match up 50- 156- 1+ 63- a-break into pieces prelimina 64- b-build something by joining parts together ry 57- 2+ 65- c-done or happening in order to prepare for the main 51- 2-fall event or activity apart 58- 3+ 66- d-the purpose of something 52- 67- e-try something in order to discover what it is like attempt 59- 4+ 68- f-try to something , especially something difficult 53- assemble 60- 5+ 54- experime 61- 6+ nt 55- 6-object 626970- RUBIK’S CUBE How the puzzle achieved success 71- Erno Rubik first studied sculpture and then later architecture in Budapest, where he went on to become a teacher of interior design It was while he was working as a teacher that he began the preliminary work on an invention that he called the ‘Magic Cube’ 72- Rubik was inspired by geometric puzzles such as the Chinese tangram, a puzzle consisting of various triangles, a square and a parallelogram which can be combined to create different shapes and figures However, unlike the tangram, which is two- dimensional, Rubik was more interested in investigating how three-dimensional forms, such as the cube, could be moved and combined to produce other forms 73- His design consisted of a cube made up of layers of individual smaller cubes, and each smaller cube could be turned in any direction except diagonally To ensure that the cubes could move independently, without falling apart, Rubik first attempted to join them together using elastic bands However, this proved to be impossible, so Rubik then solved the problem by assembling them using a rounded interior This permitted them to move smoothly and easily He experimented with different ways of marking the smaller cubes, but ended up with the simple solution of giving a different colour to each side The object was to twist the layers of small cubes so that each side of the large cube was an identical colour 74- Rubik took out a patent for the Cube in 1977 and started manufacturing it in the same year The Cube came to the attention of a Hungarian businessman, Tibor Laczi, who then demonstrated it at the Nuremberg Toy Fair When British toy expert Tom Kremer saw it, he thought it was amazing and he persuaded a manufacturer, Ideal Toys, to produce million of them in 1979 Ideal Toys renamed the Cube after the toy’s inventor, and in 1980, Rubik’s Cube was shown at toy fairs all over the world It won that year’s prize in Germany for Best Puzzle Rubik’s Cube is believed to be the world’s best-selling puzzle; since its invention, more than 300 million Cubes have been sold worldwide 75- NOTES: -achieve (v) = đạt - cube (n)/ju: / = hình khối / lập phương - figure (n) = hình 76- -sculpture (n) = ngành điêu khắc - architect (n) = ngành kiến trúc 77- - interior design (n) /1n’t16ri6 / = thiết kế nội thất - preliminary (a) pr1’l1m1n6ri/ / = mở đầu , sơ 78- - geometric (a) /,d2i:6’metr1k / = thuộc hình học-tangram (n) /’t`7gr`m / = trò chơi xếp hình có miếng gỗ 79- - triangle (n) /’tra1`7gl / = hình tam giác - a square = hình vng 80- - a parallelogram /,p`r6’lel6gr`m / = hình bình hành - two- dimensional form = dạng chiều 81- – persuade (v) = thuyết phục -combine (v) = phối hợp – ‘worldwide (adv) = khắp giới 82- - investigate (v) = khám phá, nghiên cứu 838485868788- -layer (n) = tầng lớp - individual (a) = cá nhân , riêng biệt -direction (n) = phương hướng -fall apart (v) = rời -attempt (v) = cố gắng - diagonally (adv) / da1’`g6n6li/ = theo đường chéo -assemble (v) = lắp ráp , tập hợp - elastic bands /1’l`st1k / = dây đàn hồi -object (n) = mục tiêu -twist (v) = vặn , xoay - a rounded interior = phần bên tròn - expert (n) = chuyên gia -identical (a) = giống hệt -take out a ‘patent / ` / e1/ = lấy sáng chế - manufacture (v) = sản xuất - come to my attention = nhận thấy / 89- Rubik’s Cube 90- -diagonally - identical – interior – inventor - layers - Magic Cube – puzzle – 91- Originally named the (1) ., Rubik’s Cube consists of a number of smaller 92- cubes organised in (2) .The smaller cubes can be twisted in almost any way, though not (3) The Cube’s (4) is shaped in a way that allows the smaller cubes to move smoothly Each side of the smaller cubes has a different colour, and the aim of the puzzle is to organise the cubes so that the colours on the sides of the large cube are (5 ) 93- The manufacturers of the puzzle changed the name of the Cube to the name of its ( 6) It has now sold more than any other (7) in the world 94- UNIT ANIMAL WORLD 95- Read the passage quickly 1- What is the bee-eater’s habitat? 2- How long they live? 96- Underline these words (1-7) in the passage, then match it with its definition 97- 1-diet 104- 111- a-group of birds + 98- 2- prey 112- b-home built by birds for their eggs 1052 99- 3-breed 113- c-animal that kills and eats other animals + 100- 4-flock 114- d-produce a young animal 106- 101- 5115- e-journey from one place to another at the same + migration time each year 107- 102- 6116- f-the type of food that a person or animal usually + predator eats 1085 103- 7-nest 117- g-an animal that is hunted and killed by another + animal 109- + 110- + 118- The life of the European bee-eater 119- A brilliant movement of colour as it catches its food in the air, the European bee-eater moves between three continents 120True to their name, bee-eaters eat bees (though their diet includes just about any flying insect) When the bird catches a bee, it returns to its tree to get rid of the bees poison, which it does very efficiently It hits the insect's head on one side of the branch, then rubs its body on the other The rubbing makes its prey harmless 121European bee-eaters (Merops apiaster) form families that breed in the spring and summer across an area that extends from Spain to Kazakhstan Farmland and river valleys provide huge numbers of insects Flocks of bee-eaters follow tractors as they work fields When the birds come upon a beehive, they eat well - a researcher once found a hundred bees in the stomach of a bee-eater near a hive 122European bees pass the winter by sleeping in their hives, which cuts off the bee-eater's main source of food So, in late summer, bee-eaters begin a long, dangerous journey Massive flocks from Spain, France and northern Italy cross the Sahara desert to their wintering grounds in West Africa Beeeaters from Hungary and other parts of Central and Eastern Europe cross the Mediterranean Sea and Arabian Desert to winter in southern Africa 'It's an extremely risky stratagem, this migration,' says C Hilary Fry, a British 123- ornithologist who has studied European bee-eaters for more than 45 years 124'At least 30 percent of the birds will be killed by predators before they make it back to Europe the following spring.' 125In April, they return to Europe Birds build nests by digging tunnels in riverbanks They work for up to 20 days By the end of the job, they've moved 15 to 26 pounds of soil - more than 80 times their weight 126The nesting season is a time when families help each other, and sons or uncles help feed their father's or brother's chicks as soon as they come out of their eggs The helpers benefit, too: parents with helpers can provide more food for chicks to continue the family line 127It's a short, spectacular life European bee-eaters live for five to six years The difficulties of migration and avoiding predators along the way affect every bird Bee-eaters today also find it harder to find food, as there are fewer insects around as a result of pesticides Breeding sites are also disappearing, as rivers are turned into concrete-walled canals 128- by Bruce Barcott, National Geographic magazine, 2008 129- Exercise :Complete the questions Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer Bee-eaters’ prey are bees and other Bee-eaters need to remove the from bees before eating them There is plenty of food for bee-eaters on agricultural land and in Bee-eaters migrate to spend the winter in different parts of Because of , almost one-third of bee-eaters not survive migration Bee-eaters make nests in , which they build themselves When nesting, the receive food from different family members One problem for bee-eaters is , which have reduced the amount of food available 130- NOTES :-prey (n) = mồi - breed , bred, bred (v) = sinh sản -flock (n) = đàn chim 131- -migration (n) /ma1’gre1~6n / = di trú - predator (n) / ‘pred6t6/ = thú săn mồi nest (n) = tổ (chim) 132- -continent (n) = lục địa - bee (n) = ong -bee-eaters = chim trảu 133- - insect (n) = côn trùng - extend (v) = kéo dài , mở rộng - valley (n) = thung lũng 134- - tractor (n) = máy kéo -hive (n)/ a1/ = tổ ong - stomach (n) = bao tử 135- -massive (a) = to lớn - winter (v) = trú đông , tránh rét - stratagem (n) / ‘str`t6d26m/ = mưu kế , kế hoạch 136- - ornithologist (n) / ,0:n1’80l6d21st/ = nhà nghiên cứu chim - to dig tunnels = đào đường hầm 137- - helper (n) = người phụ tá -spectacular (a) = đẹp -pesticide (n) = thuốc trừ sâu 138- - concrete-walled canals = kênh đào có tường bê tơng bao quanh – species (sing./plur) = giống lồi 139- READING HUMPBACK WHALE 140- Before you read, decide whether these sentences are true (T) or false (F) If they are false, correct them Whales are fish Whales are the largest living creatures Many whales are predators Some whales are never seen because they live deep under the ocean Some whales sing There are only ten species of whale Some species of whale are endangered 141- Read the passage quickly Which of these sentences is the best summary of it? 142A -Researchers have quite a complete picture of whales’ behaviour 143B- Researchers have many things to learn about whales’ behaviour 144- Humpback whale breaks migration record 145- A whale surprises researchers with her journey 146A lone humpback whale travelled more than 9,800 kilometres from breeding areas in Brazil to those in Madagascar, setting a record for the longest mammal migration ever documented 147Humpback whales [Megaptera novaeangliae] are known to have some of the longest migration distances of all mammals, and this huge journey is about 400 kilometres fartherthan the previous humpback record The finding was made by PeterStevick, a biologist at the College of the Atlantic in Bar Harbor, Maine 148The whale’s journey was unusual not only for its length, but also because it travelled across almost 90 degrees of longitude from west to east Typically, humpbacks move in a north-south direction between cold feeding areas and warm breeding grounds - and the longest journeys which have been recorded until now have been between breeding and feeding sites 149The whale, a female, was first spotted off the coast of Brazil, where researchers photographed its tail fluke and took skin samples for chromosome testing to determine the animal’s sex Two years later, a tourist on a whale-watching boat snapped a photo of the humpback near Madagascar 150To match the two sightings, Stevick’s team used an extensive international catalogue of photographs of the undersides of tail flukes, which have distinctive markings Researchers routinely compare the markings in each new photograph to those in the archive 151The scientists then estimated the animal’s shortest possible route: an arc skirtingthe southern tip of South Africa and heading north-east towards Madagascar The minimum distance is 9,800 kilometres, says Stevick, but this is likely to be an underestimate, because the whale probably took a detour to feed on krill in the Southern Ocean near Antarctica before reaching its destination 152Most humpback-whale researchers focus their efforts on the Northern Hemisphere because the Southern Ocean near the Antarctic is a hostile environment and it is hard to get to, explains Rochelle Constantine, who studies the ecology of humpback whales at the University of Auckland in New Zealand But, for whales, oceans in the Southern Hemisphere are wider and easier to travel across, says Constantine Scientists will probably observe more long-distance migrations in the Southern Hemisphere as satellite tracking becomes increasingly common, she adds 153Daniel Palacios, an oceanographer at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, says that the recordbreaking journey could indicate that migration patterns are shifting as populations begin to recover from near-extinction and the population increases But the reasons why the whale did not follow the usual migration routes remain a mystery She could have been exploring new habitats, or simply have lost her way 'We generally think of humpback whales as very well studied, but then they surprise us with things like this,’ Palacios says ‘Undoubtedly there are a lot of things we still don’t know about whale migration.” 154- by Janelle Weaver, published online in Nature 155156- NOTES: 157- -humpback (n) /’h^mpb`k / = lưng gù -to break a record = phá kỷ lục 158- -lone (a) = độc -mammal (n) = động vật có vú 159- - breeding areas = nơi sinh sản - to set a record = lập kỷ lục 160- -migration (n) = di trú - document (v) / ‘d0kjument/ = dẫn chứng tài liệu 161- - biologist (n) = nhà sinh học - longitude (n) / ‘l07g1tju:d / ‘l0nd21/ = kinh độ 162- -spot off (v) = phát -‘underside (n) = mặt 163- - tail fluke (n) /u:/ = thùy đuôi cá voi -chromosome (n) /’kr6um6s6um / = nhiễm sắc thể 164- -to snap a photo = chụp nhanh -sighting (n) = trông thấy 165- -distinctive markings = dấu để phân biệt -tip (n) = đỉnh 166- - routinely (adv) = đặn - arc (n) = vòng cung 167- -archive (n) / ‘a:ka1v / = văn khố , văn thư lưu trữ -estimate (v) = ước lượng 168- -route (n) = lộ trình -skirt (v) = theo mép / men bờ 169- -head (v) = trực - a detour / ‘di:t$6/ = đường vòng 170- -likely (a) = -,under’estimate (v) = đánh giá thấp 171- -krill (n) = nhuyễn thể -Antarctica (n) / `n’ta:kt1k6/ = the Antarctic =Nam cực 172- -focus + on (v) = tập trung - hostile (a) / ‘h0sta1l ‘h0:stl / = thù địch , bất lợi 173- - Northern Hemisphere / ‘n0:56n ‘h`m1sf16/ = Bán cầu nam 174- - ecology (n) /i’k0l6d21 / = hệ sinh thái -observe (v) = quan sát 175- -satellite (n) = vệ tinh - tracking (n) = theo dõi 176- -common (a) = thông dụng , phổ biến - increasingly (adv) = ngày tăng 177- - oceanographer (n) / ,6$~6’n0:gr6f6 / = nhà hải dương học - indicate (v) = , cho biết 178- - pattern (n) = kiểu , khuôn mẫu -shift (v) = thay đổi 179- -recover (v) = bình phục - extinction (n) = tuyệt chủng 180- -to remain a mystery = điều huyền bí - exploring new habitats = thăm dò chỗ 181- - have lost her way = lạc đường - undoubtedly (adv) = khơng hồi nghi, chắn 182183Questions 1-7 184- 1-What TWO aspects of the whale’s journey surprised researchers? 185A- the destination B -the direction C-the distance D- the reason E - the season 186- 2-The passage mentions reasons why whales generally migrate What TWO reasons are given? 187A- to avoid humans B- to be safe C- to eat D- to keep warm E- to produce young 188- 3-What TWO methods did researchers use to record the identity of the whale near Brazil? 189A- They analysed part of the whale’s body B- They marked its tail C- They made notes of its behaviour 190D- They recorded the sounds it made E- They took a picture 191- 4-The passage mentions places the whale may have passed close to on its journey Which TWO places may the whale have passed? 192A -Antarctica B- Hawaii C- Maine D- New Zealand E- South Africa 193- 5-The passage says that more research is done in the Northern Hemisphere Which TWO reasons are given for this? 194A- It contains more whales B It has friendlier surroundings C- There are more samples available 195D- It is easier to reach E- It contains smaller whales 196- 6-The passage suggests why the whale made a different journey from usual Which TWO reasons does it suggest? 197A -She did not know where she was going B -She did not want to breed 198C- She wanted to escape a danger D- She was looking for a new place to live 199E- She was recovering from an illness 200- 7-Which TWO methods of finding out where whales migrate are mentioned in the passage? 201A- attaching radio transmitters B- comparing pictures taken in different place 202C- following them in boats D- placing cameras in key positions 203E- following their movements from space 204205- VOCABULARY MAKE and CAUSE 1- CAUSE = to make something happen 206*CAUSE + O / N : Do they know what caused the fire? 207* CAUSE SOMEBODY SOMETHING : The project is still causing him a lot of problems 208* CAUSE SOMETHING FOR SOMEBODY : The bad weather is causing problems for many farmers 209* CAUSE SOMETHING TO DO SOMETHING 210( dùng văn viết, make somebody something ) 211: The poor harvest caused prices to rise sharply 212- 2- MAKE 213-make + O / N + adj  be made + adj 214- The news made him very happy 215- The full story was never made public 216- -make it hard to something / make it + adj.+ to + V 217: The snow made it impossible for the train to run 218- -make yourself + heard / understood / known = làm cho người ta nghe / hiểu / biết 219I had to shout to make myself heard above the music 220- - make somebody something = bắt buộc  be made to something 221She made her son study hard  Her son was made to study hard 222223- EXERCISE / p34 1- Traffic jams smog in dozens of cities across both the developed and developing world ( cause / make) 2- Traffic jams people angry 345678910111213141516- 1234567891011121314151617- She couldn’t herself heard above the noise of the traffic Driving people tired Cars serious pollution The number of vehicles is increasing, and this can a lot of traffic congestion My parents always me my homework before I go out Pollution cities unhealthy ( causes / makes) However, using planes other problems I like him because he always me laugh The bad weather the accident yesterday ( caused / made) The heavy traffic it impossible to arrive at work on time this morning Roads works a traffic jam last week The use of computers has it possible for more people to work from home I was made for hours be I was examined by a doctor ( wait / to wait / waited) Can you make yourself in Russia? ( to understand , understand , understood) 224225- DO and MAKE 1- DO + THE + V-ing : the shopping , the clean , the washing , the gardening 2- DO + NOUN : work / homework / housework – military service = nghĩa vụ quân sự, a job a crossword – something interesting - damage to = harm to= gây hại 3- DO + SUBJECT = học : English = học tiếng Anh 4- MAKE + NOUN : có nghĩa động từ 226-to make an arrangement = to arrange to something 227-to make a suggestion = to suggest 228-to make a decision = to decide to something 229- to make an attempt = to attempt = cố gắng 230-to make a complaint = to complain 231- to make a phone call = to phone 232- to make an offer = trả giá , đề nghị 5- MAKE + NOUN : có nhiều nghĩa khác 233- Làm , chế tạo : make cars / clothes / a table / a cake 234- gây : make a noise / a fuss / a mess / a mistake / an excuse / trouble 235- make a fortune ( kiếm nhiều tiền) / a profit ( lời )/ a loss ( lỗ) / a living ( kiếm sống) 236- make a speech ( đọc diễn văn) / an effort ( cố gắng) / money/ friends with 237- -made in China 238- - be made of = làm ( thấy nguyên liệu): The table is made of wood 239- -be made from = làm (không thấy nguyên liệu) : Wine is made from grapes 240- - be made into: làm thành : The grapes are made into wine 241- -make somebody something : She made him a cup of tea 242- -make something for somebody : She made coffee for him 243- EXERCISE : Can I a suggestion? ( make / do) In Physics class , we some experiments His nasty friends can a lot of trouble for you You should something to help him Try not to a noise when you go upstairs The scandal will serious damage to his reputation A week in the country will you good His one aim in life is to money On weekends I usually a few jobs around the house The committee will meet to their final decision She’s gone to the supermarket to the shopping Anyone can a mistake It’s your turn to the dishes She hopes to a living from writing children’s books Could you me a favor? Jenny has always found it easy to friends at school Students are under pressure to well 181920212223242526272829- The company an offer of $2 million for the site ( made / did) He’s a fortune selling laptops on the Internet The company a lot of business in Vietnam A big effort was to clean up the beach I French for years They a profit of $140 million He no attempt to apologize The prince a short speech His mother was always excuses for her son’s behavior ( making / doing) Stop such a fuss! The wheels were made wood ( of / from / into) Paper is made wood 244245- UNIT BEING HUMAN 246- I-You are going to read a passage about people and change Read the title and subheading first What you think the writer is going to say about change? A- People find it easy to change B- People want to change but find it difficult C- People are too lazy to change 247248- II- Read the whole passage quickly Then choose the option which states the writer’s main idea 249- A- People of all ages dislike change 250- B- People can change if they want to 251- C-Change gets harder as people grow older D- Change is easier for people at work than at home 252253- III-Find these words (1-6) in the passage, then match them with their correct definitions 254255- 1262- 269- A-having no confidence in yourself and what you + donate can 256- 2270- B-the quality of being new or unusual 263- consistency 271- C- willing to consider a discussion suggestion, + 257- 3experience, etc insecurity 272- D-to give money or goods to a person or 264- 258- 4organisation that needs help + conventiona 273- E-traditional and not willing to the new ideas l 274- F-when someone always behaves performs in a 265- 259- 5similar way + novelty 275 260- 6266- openness + (to) 261267- + 268276277- *Yes / No / Not Given questions test students’ ability to scan for the writer’s ideas and opinions and then to read the relevant part of the passage in detail to fully understand them 278-Write YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer (look for words have the same meaning) 279- Write NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer ( // // the opposite meaning) 280- Write NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this 281- *True / False / Not given questions deal with facts and information 282- 284- 283- READING MAKING A CHANGE How easy is it for US to change our lives - and why? 285- In 1990, a young American named Christopher McCandless gave up his career plans, left behind everyone he knew, including his family, and went off on an adventure He was 22 at the time In an act of kindness, he donated all his savings to the famous charity, Oxfam International, and hitchhiked his way through America to Alaska His decisions were so unusual for his age that Jon Krakauer wrote a book about them called Into the Wild, and Sean Penn directed a film that had the same title 286- 0f course, this is an unusual story Most college graduates would not quite the same thing However, studies show that in teenage years, people are more likely to try out new experiences Instead of following the family career path, for example, and working his way up the same organisation like his grandfather did, a 15-year-old may dream about becoming a traveller - only to find in his early 20s that this fascination with new places is declining and change is less attractive This age-related trend can be observed in all cultures 287- The reason why people all over the world become less keen to change as they get older may be because people’s lives generally follow similar patterns and involve similar demands Most people, wherever they are, aim to find a job and a partner As they get older, they may have young children to look after and possibly elderly family members These responsibilities cannot be achieved without some degree of consistency, which means that new experiences and ideas may not have a place in the person’s life New experiences may bring excitement but also insecurity, and so most people prefer to stay with the familiar - 288- However, not every individual is the same One toddler may want to play a different game every day and get fed up if nothing changes at the nursery Another may seek out and play with the same children and toys on every visit Young children who avoid new experiences will grow up to be more conventional than others Psychologists argue that those who have more open personalities as children are more open than others might be when they are older They also suggest that young men have a greater interest in novelty than women, although, as they age, this desire for new experiences fades more quickly than it does in women 289- The truth is that, as we get older, we prefer the things we know We tend to order the same meals in restaurants, sit on the same side of the train when we commute to work, go on holiday to the same places and construct our day in the same way If you are older than 20, remember that your openness to new experiences is slowly declining 290- So you are better off making a new start today than postponing it until later 291292- EXERCISE 293- Underline the words in sentences a-c that you think will help you find the right place in the passage Then underline the relevant part of the passage 294- a- Christopher McCandless was generous to give his money to Oxfam International 295- b-Many young people make the same decisions as Christopher McCandless 296- c-Into the Wild is a good title for Jon Krakauer’s book 297298- EXERCISE 2: YES / NO/ NOT GIVEN Teenagers are more ready to have new experiences than young adults Grandparents usually encourage their grandchildren to get a well-paid job Life demands are different depending on which country you live in Some toddlers find repetitive activities boring Children who dislike new experiences become more adventurous than others as adults If you want to change something in your life, you should avoid delay 299300- NOTES :- donate (v) / d6$’ne1t/ = tặng , cúng - hitchhike (v) / ‘h1t~ ha1k/ = nhờ xe direct a film = đạo diễn fim - career path = đường nghiệp decline (v) = suy giảm - age-related trend = xu hướng liên quan đến tuổi tác observe (v) = quan sát , tuân theo -pattern (n) = khuôn mẫu demand (n) = nhu cầu aim to (v) = nhắm vào con’sistency (n) = kiên định - insecurity (n) = không an ninh - - toddler (n) / ‘t0dl6/ = trẻ biết - fed up with (a) = chán nursery (n) = nhà trẻ , trường mẫu giáo - conventional (a) = bảo thủ open (a) = cởi mở , dễ tiếp thu -novelty (n) /’n0vlti / = tính / vật lạ / lạ thường age (v) = già -desire (n) = mong muốn fade (v) = mờ nhạt - postpone (v) =delay = hoãn lại -be better off = giàu có - be better off doing something = be happier or more satisfied 301302- READING  TB ordinary - perform - from - of - who - which - themselves - entertaining 303304- In many countries today, you find talent shows on TV They are certainly (1) because many people watch them and talk about them However, I also think they are a good way to make people famous 305- Talent shows are popular because viewers enjoy seeing people like (2) on TV They can also vote for their favorite performers and help someone succeed, (3) makes the shows very exciting Though many competitors lose, this is normal in a competition and they still have their memories of taking part 306- Some people say that the people (4) run talent shows make too much money For example, we have a show on TV in my country and the judges earn thousands (5) dollars However, this is not unusual for an entertainment program and these people are very powerful If someone wins a show like The X-Factor they win a lot of money too 307- This is very different (6) the past Twenty years ago, you could only became famous through meeting someone who had an entertainment business This meant that it was difficult to show your talent unless you were quite wealthy Nowadays, anyone who is talented and wants to (70 can enter a competition and win What is more, they will get a lot of support with their future career I think this is much fairer 308- In conclusion, I agree that talent shows are entertaining, but I also think they help many people who want a career in the music industry Although people lose, everyone likes to see an (8) person get lucky and become famous 309310- WRITE ABOUT THE FOLLOWING TOPIC  p.64 311Some people say that success is ‘10 percent talent and 90 percent hard work’ 312Is hard work the key to success, or is talent also important? Complete this rephrasing of the quote in the task: 313- A talent and hard work Complete this rephrasing of the question in the task: 314- Can alone bring success, or you need .as well? 3153-What is the main idea of paragraphs 2,3,4,and 5? 316- A-A range of factors contribute to success and it depends on the person 317- B-Other factors also contribute to success 318- C-Talent is also important 319- D-If you want to be good at something , you must practice hard and regularly 320321322- - for - conclusion - contribute - only - skills - naturally - regularly - succeed 323- 324Many people want to be successful, but it is not easy However, a few people get to the top Most of them (1) because of their hard work, but in my view, they also need to be talented and have a natural ability to something well 325If you want to be good at something, you must practise hard and (2) For example, international footballers have to train for many hours every day If a professional footballer does not train, his manager will drop him from the team 326However, talent is important, too Although some people try hard, they not achieve much because they are not (3) talented I like singing, but I will not make money unless I have a good singing voice Similarly, if someone wants to work in finance, they need to have good number (4) 327Talent and hard work are not the (5) important things As we can often improve our skills by taking courses, money is useful, too Luck can also help you achieve success For example, you can be more successful in business if you meet the right people So there can be many factors that (6) to success 328In (7) , I not think you can something consistently well if you not practise and you are not talented However, some people become famous (8) other reasons Everyone is different, so you cannot always say why one person succeeds and another person does not 329330- MULTIPLE CHOICE 1- My to work takes me over an hour a day ( travel, transport, journey) , 2- Some employers try to their staff to leave their cars at home ( engage, ensure , encourage) 3- Commuters in the US a large part of their working waiting in traffic jams (pass, spend, give) 4- If you go to work very early or late, you can the rush hour ( avoid, prevent, excuse) 5- Some cities drivers money to enter the city centre (charge, ask, demand) 6- You can help pollution by sharing your car with other people ( drop, fall, reduce) 331332333REVISION 334Complete the sentences below with the words in the box 335- -backgrounds - colleagues - conduct - conventional - donate - experiences – findings participants 336Students must some research when they their project If you are lucky, work can also become good friends After the flood, the schoolchildren decided to their pocket money to the local hospital The six in the study did not know each other Some people not like new – they prefer their familiar routines Some people are very adventurous and not want to have a lifestyle The of the study showed that children have more reliable memories than adults I get on well with my classmates, even though we come from different cultural 337- IF / UNLESS a) People are likely to be unhappy they are worried about their future b) Children will find life difficult they get a good education c) people feel satisfied with their achievements, then they will be happy d) You can't be happy you are able to deal with change e) you have a positive attitude, you will never be happy f) you are physically and mentally healthy , you have a better chance of happiness 338339- Complete the sentences with the adjective form of the nouns in brackets 340341- YOUNG PEOPLE 346- OLDER PEOPLE 342- a-They feel 347- e-They are more (comfort) with (experience) in dealing change and unfamiliar situations with difficult situations 343- b- They are more 348- f- If they earn money during their life, (energy) and are less they are more likely to be likely to feel tired (wealth) 344- c-They are (adventure) 349- g-They may be less and ready to discover new (insecurity ) and worry things less about the future 345- d-They think they will be (success) 350- h-They are often more (patience) in later life 351and able to wait before making decisions 352353- UNIT Read the passage quickly to find three ways you can improve your reading speed 355- Speed reading 356- What is speed reading, and why we need it? 357- A -Speed reading is not just about reading fast It is also about how much information you can remember when you have finished reading The World Championship Speed-Reading Competition says that its top competitors average between 1,000 and 2,000 words a minute But they must remember at least 50 percent of this in order to qualify for the competition 358359- B -Nowadays, speed reading has become an essential skill in any environment where people have to master a large volume of information Professional workers need reading skills to help them get through many documents every day, while students under pressure to deal with assignments may feel they have to read more and read faster all the time 360361- C - Although there are various methods to increase reading speed, the trick is deciding what information you want first For example, if you only want a rough outline of an issue, then you can skim the material quickly and extract the key facts However, if you need to understand every detail in a document, then you must read it slowly enough to understand this 362363- D -Even when you know how to ignore irrelevant detail, there are other improvements you can make to your reading style which will increase your speed For example, most people can read much faster if they read silently Reading each word aloud takes time for the information to make a complete circuit in your brain before being pronounced Some researchers believe that as long as the first and last letters are in place, the brain can still understand the arrangement of the other letters in the word because it logically puts each piece into place 364365- E -Chunking is another important method Most people learn to read either letter by letter or word by word 366- As you improve, this changes You will probably find that you are fixing your eyes on a block of words, then moving your eyes to the next block of words, and so on You are reading blocks of words at a time, not individual words one by one You may also notice that you not always go from one block to the next: sometimes you may move back to a previous block if you are unsure about something 367368- F -A skilled reader will read a lot of words in each block He or she will only look at each block for an instant and will then move on Only rarely will the reader’s eyes skip back to a previous block of words This reduces the amount of work that the reader’s eyes have to It also increases the volume of information that can be taken in over a given period of time 369370- G - On the other hand, a slow reader will spend a lot of time reading small blocks of words He or she will skip back often, losing the flow and structure of the text, and muddling their overall understanding of the subject This irregular eye movement quickly makes the reader tired Poor readers tend to dislike reading because they feel it is difficult to concentrate and comprehend written information 371372- H -The best tip anyone can have to improve their reading speed is to practise In order to this effectively, a person must be engaged in the material and want to know more If you find yourself constantly having to re-read the same paragraph, you may want to switch to reading material that grabs your attention If you enjoy what you are reading, you will make quicker progress 373374- adapted from speed-reading-techniques.com 375EXERCISE 1: The reading passage has seven paragraphs, A-H Which paragraph contains the following information? 376NB You may use any letter more than once 354- the types of people who need to read more quickly the fastest reading speeds how a reader can become confused why reading material should be interesting a definition of speed reading 377378379- 6-what you should consider before you start reading Complete the table below 380- Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer 381- 382- Chunking 383- type of 384- reading method reader 386- skilled • many reader 387- in a block • reader hardly ever goes 388-back 391- 10 • small blocks • reader 392-11 393-goes back 385- effect of method on reader • reader’s 389-less work • more 390-processed is • reader easily 394- .gets 12 • finds it hard to 395- .13 396-on passage 397398- - qualify for (v) = đủ tư cách / trình độ - a rough outline = dàn sơ lược / đại cương 399- -skim (v) = đọc lướt lấy ý - extract (v) / 1k’str`kt/ = trích 400- -scan (v) = đọc lướt tìm thơng tin cần thiết 401- - irrelevant (a) / 1’rel6v6nt/ = khơng thích đáng ≠ relevant - make a circuit /’s3:k1t / =đi vòng quanh 402- - read silently = đọc thầm ≠ read aloud - chunking = phận / nhóm lớn 403- - previous (a) = trước - for an instant = thới gian ngắn 404- -volume (n) = khối lượng -take in (v) = hấp thu 405- - skip back = nhảy trở lại -flow (n) = dòng chảy 406- -muddle (v) / ^/ = làm rối / lộn xộn - overall (a) = toàn 407- - irregular (a) = không quy tắc - tend to (v) = có xu hướng , thường 408- - comprehend (v) /,k0mpr1’hend / = hiểu - be engaged in = thích , tham gia vào 409- - material (n) = tài liệu - to grab your attention = thu hút ý 410- - hardly ever= không 411412- UNIT EVERY DROP COUNTS A- Find these nouns (1-6) in the passage and match them with their correct definition 4131- drought 414- A-a strong wall built across a river to stop the water 2- well 415- B-an artificial lake where water is stored before it goes to people’s 3- dam houses 4- pump 416- C-a long period when there is no rain 5- reservoir 417- D-a piece of equipment which forces liquid or gas to move somewhere 6- pipe 418- E-a long tube which liquid or gas can move through 419- F-a deep hole in the ground from which you can get water, oil or gas 420421- THE BURDEN OF THIRST 422- Millions of women carry water long distances 423- If they had a tap by their door, whole societies would be transformed 424- by Tina Rosenberg 425- Aylito Binayo’s feet know the mountain Even at four in the morning, she can run down the rocks to the river by A- starlight alone and climb the steep mountain back up to her village with a container of water on her back She has made this journey three times a day since she was a small child So has every other woman in her village of Foro, in the Konso district of south-western Ethiopia in Africa Binayo left school when she was eight years old, in part because she had to help her mother fetch water from the Toiro River The water is unsafe to drink; every year that the drought continues, the river carries less water, and its flow is reduced But it is the only water Foro has ever had 426- B - In developed parts of the world, people turn on a tap and out pours abundant, clean water Yet nearly 900 million people in the world have no access to clean water Furthermore, 2.5 billion people have no safe way to get rid of human waste Polluted water and lack of proper hygiene cause disease and kill 3.3 million people around the world annually, most of them children In southern Ethiopia and in northern Kenya, a lack of rain over the past few years has made even dirty water hard to find But soon, for the first time, things are going to change 427- C-Bringing clean water close to villagers’ homes is the key to the problem Communities where clean water becomes accessible and plentiful are transformed All the hours previously spent hauling water can be used to cultivate more crops, raise more animals or even start a business Families spend less time sick or caring for family members who are unwell Most important, not having to collect water means girls can go to school and get jobs The need to fetch water for the family, or to take care of younger siblings while their mother goes, usually prevents them ever having this experience 428- D- But the challenges of bringing water to remote villages like those in Konso are overwhelming Locating water underground and then reaching it by means of deep wells requires geological expertise and expensive, heavy machines Abandoned wells and water projects litter the villages of Konso In similar villages around the developing world, the biggest problem with water schemes is that about half of them break down soon after the groups that built them move on Sometimes technology is used that can’t be repaired locally, or spare parts are available only in the capital 429- E- Today, a UK-based international non-profit organisation called WaterAid is tackling the job of bringing water to the most remote villages of Konso Their approach combines technologies proven to last - such as building a sand dam to capture and filter rainwater that would otherwise drain away But the real innovation is that WaterAid believes technology is only part of the solution Just as important is involving the local community in designing, building and maintaining new water projects Before beginning any project, WaterAid asks the community to create a WASH (water, sanitation, hygiene) committee of seven people The committee works with WaterAid to plan projects and involve the village in construction Then it maintains and runs the project F -The people of Konso, who grow their crops on terraces they have dug into the sides of mountains, are famous for hard work In the village of Orbesho, residents even constructed a road themselves so that drilling machinery could come in Last summer, their pump, installed by the river, was being motorised to push its water to a newly built reservoir on top of a nearby mountain From there, gravity will carry it down in pipes to villages on the other side of the mountain Residents of those villages have each given some money to help fund the project They have made concrete and collected stones for the structures Now they are digging trenches to lay pipes If all goes well, Aylito Binayo will have a tap with safe water just a three-minute walk from her front door 430- 432B- Choose the correct heading for each paragraph 431- adapted from National Geographic magazine 1- Why some plans have failed 2-A rural and urban problem 4333-A possible success 4-Explaining a new management style 4345-Some relevant statistics 6-A regular trip for some people 4357-Treating people for disease 8-How water can change people ‘s lives C- Choose no more than one word and / or a number from the passage for each answer 1- The water levels in the Toiro River are falling because of 2- Globally, the number of people who die each year as a result of using dirty water is 3- When families have clean water, they can spend more time growing 4- Specialist knowledge and equipment are need to dig 5- WaterAid uses a dam made of to capture rain water 436437- NOTES: - dam (n) = đập ngăn nước -well (n) = giếng reservoir (n) / ‘rez6vwa:/ = hồ chứa nước - abundant (a) / 6’b^nd6nt/ = nhiều , thừa - artificial (a) / ,a:t1’f1~l/ = nhân tạo - liquid (n) = chất lỏng - drought (n) /dra$t / = hạn hán - burden (n) = gánh nặng - thirst (n) = khát nước -tap (n) = vòi nước - transform (v) / tr`ns’f0:m / = biến đổi / cải thiện hoàn toàn - hygiene (n) / ‘ha1d2i:n/ = vệ sinh - lack + of (n) = thiếu - hauling water / h0:l/ = nước chảy mạnh - cultivate (v) = trồng trọt - to raise animals = ni gia súc -fetch (v) = tìm , đem - sibling (n) /’s1bl17 / = anh chị em ruột - overwhelm (v) / ,6$v6’welm/ = áp đảo , tràn ngập - geological (a) / ,d2i:6 ‘l0d21kl / = thuộc địa chất -expertise (n) /,eksp3:’ti:z / = thành thạo , tinh thông - abandoned wells = giếng bị bỏ hoang -litter (v) = vứt rác bừa bãi, bày bừa lên - spare parts = phụ tùng -non-profit = không lợi nhuận - tackle (v) = giải , khắc phục -‘proven (a) /u: / 6$ / = thử thách / chứng minh - capture (v) = giữ - filter (v) = lọc - drain away (v) = rút , - innovation (n) / ,1n6’ve1~n/ = đổi , canh tân - maintain (v) = bảo / trì sanitation (n) / ,sen1’te1~n/ = hệ thống vệ sinh ( xử lý rác , nước cống) - committee (n) / k6’m1ti/ = ủy ban - involve in (v) = làm cho tham gia , bao gồm - terrace (n) / ‘ter6s/ = đất cao / bậc thang - dig, dug , dug (v) = đào - drilling machinery /m6’~i:n6ri / = máy khoan - motorize (v) / ‘m6$t6ra1z/ = giới hóa - gravity (n) / ‘gr`v6ti/ = trọng lực -concrete (n) / ‘k07kri:t/ = bê-tông - collected (a) = tuyển chọn - trench (n) / e/ = rãnh mương - relevant (a) / ‘rel6v6nt/ = thích đáng , có liên quan -statistics (n) / st6’t1st1ks / = số liệu thống kê ... 40 Freya Stark 41 Born in Paris in 1893 12 34- 42 ↓ 43 First formal education at (1) 44 ↓ 45 Worked as a (2) in Italy 46 ↓ 47 Studied at School of Oriental Studies 48 ↓ 49 Travelled... she learned (3) 50 ↓ 51 Made a journey to the Syrian mountains on a (4) 52 ↓ 53 In 19 34, won a (5) for a book 54 55 Spent a further (6) ... life 351 and able to wait before making decisions  352 353 - UNIT Read the passage quickly to find three ways you can improve your reading speed 355 - Speed reading 356 - What is speed reading,