GERUNDS & INFINITIVES I GERUND : ( danh động từ ) ( V + ING ) Subject of a sentence (làm chủ ngữ câu) Ex: Reading the story of Kieu is interesting Complement of To Be after Subject of Thing + To Be (làm bổ ngữ) Ex : My hobby is fishing After Prepositions (sau giới từ) Ex : She is interested in learning English After some verbs : Verbs + Gerund Admit (thừa nhận, công nhận), avoid ( tránh, né), appreciate (đánh giá)defer / delay /postpone/ put off (trì hoãn), deny( chối), detest/ dislike( không thích,không ưa), discuss (thảo luận), consider( xem xét, cứu xét), enjoy (thưởng thức, hưởng), escape (trèn tho¸t), finish (hoàn tất, làm xong), give up/ quit: từ bỏ, thôi), imagine (tưởng tượng), keep( giữ), not mind ( không phiền), miss( nhớ), practise ( thực hành), suggest( đề nghò), prevent (ngăn cản), can’t help( ngăn cản), can’t stand (không thể chòu đựng được), resit (thi lại), resist (kháng cự), cease (dừng , ngừng) ….etc always avoid making noise in class Have you finished writing the report ? Anne practised playing the piano at an early age I I don’t mind doing a lot of homework He can’t stand working ten hours a day When did you give up smoking, Bill ? VERB + PREPOSITIONS + GERUND : Động từ theo sau giới từ thường dùng dạng Gerund Approve of ( chấp thuận, tán đồng), argue about ( tranh cãi về…), complain about ( than phiền, phàn nàn về…), concentrate on ( tập trung vào…), depend on ( tùy thuộc vào…), decide on ( đònh về…), feel like ( cảm thấy thích, thiên về…), forget about ( quên về…) Look forward to ( trông mong, ngóng…), insist on ( nài nỉ…), keep on ( tiếp tục…), object to ( phản đối về…), plan on ( dự tính về…), rely on ( tin vào, dựa vào…), succeed in ( thành công việc…), think about ( nghó về…), worry about ( lo nghó về…, lo lắng về…) I’m interested in listening to music on the radio He’s bored with staying at home day after day Some people are afraid of driving in rush hours Many overweight people try to lose weight by going on a diet Don’t forget to turn off the gas before going out ADJECTIVE + PREPOSITION + GERUND: Các tính từ kèm giới từ theo sau Gerund Accustomed to ( quen với…), afraid of ( lo sợ, e sợ về…), ashamed of ( xấu hổ về…), capable of ( có khả năng, có thể… ) bored with ( chán với…), disappointed in / with ( thất vọng về…), fond of ( thích về…), hopeful of ( hy vọng về…), intent on ( đeo đuổi, chăm về…), interested in ( quan tâm về…), opposed to ( chống đối với…),proud of ( hãnh diện về…), responsible for ( có trách nhiệm về…), sorry about ( ân hận về…), successful in ( thành công trong…), surprised at ( ngạc nhiên về…), tired from ( mệt nhọc vì…), tired of ( chán với…), worried about ( lo lắng về….).used to ( quen với…) Police soon get accustomed to arresting criminals Are you capable of completing the work within an hour ? Eli Whitney is famous for inventing the cotton gin The driver was intent on passing the other car The treasurer is responsible for keeping the books After some Verbs + Object Combinations Ex: We saw the thief entering the house Or He spent five hours doing his task In some other structures : It’s no good / use, there is no point, what’s the point of, what about , be worth, be busy, look forward to, be used to / be accustomed to / get used to, can’t help, can’t bear, can’t stand …… It is no use saying that I am used to getting up early THE INFINITIVE ( TO + VERB ) II Subject of the sentence ( Chủ từ câu ) Ex : To help her is my duty Agree ( đồng ý,nhất trí), afford, appear ( xuất hiện), arrange( xếp,thu xếp), attempt( cố gắng), ask ( đòi hỏi,yêu cầu), choose ( chọn, lựa), decide ( đònh), demand ( lệnh), expect ( mong,trông ngóng), fail ( hỏng,không thành công,(thi) rớt), happen (xảy ra) , hope ( hy vọng), learn ( hay tin), manage ( xoay sở, tự lo được), offer ( dâng ,tặng), plan ( kế hoạch, dự tính), pretend ( giả vờ), promise (hứa hẹn), refuse ( từ chối), seem ( như, dường như), threaten ( đe dọa), want, wish ( ao ước), would like ( muốn), intend (ý định), tend (cã xu h-íng), claim (bơì thường), desire (mong muốn), hope, hesitate (do dù,) …etc I decide to study engineering at University She’s expecting to get a reply from the company Do you agree to join us for the holyday ? We can’t afford to build a new house Bob refused to lend me his car You manage to get some tickets for the pop concert on Saturday Mary learned to swim when she was young Verbs + to - Infinitive Verbs + O + to - Infinitive want, ask, tell, request (yêu cầu), order (chỉ dẫn), beg (van xin), remind (nhắc nhở), invite (mời), advise (khuyên), warn (cảnh báo), promise (hứa), encourage (khuyến khích)… He tells me to send this letter The teacher encouraged Lan to join English club be/ look/ seem/ feel + ADJECTIVE + TO infinitive: Afraid ( sợ, e sợ ), ashamed ( xấu hổ ), considerate ( tế nhò ), disappointed ( thất vọng ), eager ( hăm hở), foolish ( điên rồ), fortunate ( may mắn, hên ), happy ( sung sướng ), lucky ( may mắn ), pleased ( hài lòng), proud ( hãnh diện), qualified ( có đủ tư cách ), ready ( sẵn sàng), sorry ( ân hận) surprised ( ngạc nhiên), angry(giận dữ ), prepared (chuẩn bị), glad (vui mừng), proud (tự hào) I’m afraid to drive alone at night Were you disappointed not to win the race ? The actress seems eager to go on stage The parents are proud to have a healthy child Citizens ought to feel lucky to be able to vote He was not at all surprised to hear the news I’m looking for someone qualified to type a thesis The party is ready to serve I'm glad to see you again 5 After the verb TO BE Ex : We are to pass the next exam My purpose is to win the next English competition After Noun ( Infinitive of Purpose ) : To / In order to / So as to + V(bare infinitive ) Ex : There are lots of things to today Ex : He studies hard so as to pass the entrance examination III BARE - INFINITIVE After modal verbs: can, may, must, … EX: I must go home now After had better, would rather, nothing but EX: He did nothing but complain about his life You’d better stay at home today Make + O + V(bare-inf.) Let EX: The clowns made them laugh a lot last night IV VERB FOLLOWED BY EITHER INFINITIVE OR GERUNDS  Without changing in meaning : Start ( bắt đầu, khởi động), begin ( bắt đầu), continue ( tiếp tục), intend ( tính, dự đònh), like, love, hate ( ghét), prefer (thích hơn, ưa hơn) It began to rain when I went to school When did you start learning English ? It began raining heavily Does Pam continue writing to you ? It began raining when I went to school When did you start to learn English ? or It began to rain heavily Does Pam continue to write to you ? He intended to make a film for children He intended making a film for children  VERBS + GERUND or INFINITIVE ( Cho ý nghóa khác ): Stop doing st Stop to st try doing st try to st forget/ remember doing st Dừng việc làm đó Dừng một việc để làm việc khác thử Cố gắng quên/nhớ một việc làm xảy quá khứ He stopped smoking three years ago ( He doesn’t smoke any more now.) He stopped to smoke a cigarette ( He stopped working in order to smoke ) You should try taking these tablets, ( try = thử ) You should try to study harder ( try = coá gaéng ) I remember sending a postcard to my parents yesterday He remembers meeting you when he was in France ( He met you) forget/remember to st Quên/ nhớ một việc làm xảy ở hiện tại regret doing st regret to st need to st Hối tiếc về việc đã làm Lấy làm tiếc Chủ ngữ chỉ người need doing st =need to be done go on doing = to continue doing st go on to Chủ ngữ là từ chỉ vật like doing like to Tiếp tục việc làm Làm việc tiếp theo hoàn tất việc Sở thích lâu dài Thích nhất thời có thể thay đổi Don't forget to wash the dishes Remember to sent me a letter when you arrive in Ho Chi Minh city ( you will send.) She regretted not coming your birthday party So she felt bored I regret to inform you that you've failed your exam You need to practise English every day.( = You have to practise English every day) Your shirt needs washing It smells ( = Your shirt needs to be washed ) The teacher introduced herself and went on to explain the course The teacher told everyone to be quiet, but they just went on talking I like fishing I like to my job well Notes:  would like + to- inf; feel like + V-ing (ước có ) = wish for  ALLOW, PERMIT, ADVISE, RECOMMEND Allow = permit V-ing + Advise = recommend O + to-inf I permit you to go out I permit going out  See, smell, notice, observe, taste, feel, overhear, hear, watch + O + Verb:  see, smell, notice, observe, taste, feel, overhear, hear, watch + O + Verb - ing: I saw someone get into Tom's house yesterday She heard him playing guitar It's really great, but she must go away  ... V(bare-inf.) Let EX: The clowns made them laugh a lot last night IV VERB FOLLOWED BY EITHER INFINITIVE OR GERUNDS  Without changing in meaning : Start ( bắt đầu, khởi động), begin ( bắt đầu), continue