Phương pháp giải nhanh hóa hữu cơ - Học sinh viết

15 1.1K 16
Phương pháp giải nhanh hóa hữu cơ - Học sinh viết

Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)

Tài liệu hạn chế xem trước, để xem đầy đủ mời bạn chọn Tải xuống

Thông tin tài liệu

   !"#$%! &' ()*$$*++,-.!/+,0+/1!,"!,2023&!/$'0!,42.52026&!27$,5,589 ):!; 6;$3<3:!/,.!)=,7",42.>?$8'!/!,4!/+,!@"!$8A!/$8'!/$,&,A2):$B$!/,C+D EF!,!/,C G$H):F,!/+,1/H/"!//I>!,-!/$!,$,!2,"JKL:2,G!,!M! '!/8N!/$O+$: LC!:#JP/Q+G2,2026&!D%!R!2,%!$,:!,21 .!$:LC2S"$,#,S!,C ):$,#TUV,;2 /A2W/Q+$%!,':!$,:!,$:LC!:#D  !M,$>R$2"26'R#L>!2'L>XJ$Y ?D,1!Z!/$80!/6&22S""!Y,$>"R$2"26'R#L2>YJ$Y[DT="!3Y,$.!2,Z2>$,I $8'!/+,1!Z!/$80!/6&2JB 'L"!3Y,$6N!/\JB 'L6&2J!,8"D8]$8-!/,^+_2 6C$L:27JB 'L6N!/`JB 'L6&2J!,8"Da!B)="!3Y,$!2,Z2$8bLM!$,I JB 'L2S"!7L!6N!/ ?cd! JB 'L6&2J!,8"Da!)="R$Y):YJ$Y$,I2Z &2,L: $,I27+,1!Z!/$80!/6&2):JB 'LL!L!6N!/\JB 'L6&2 e:$O+0+3f!/ e:?g!,.2S"h/" Y$"!'L):'$8'!/!/JJZ!/!7!/2,Z"6($iLj#3-kD: L&!,5 !/-!/$fJ1!+,l ,.8"F,HB!/JZ>-^22,j$LH!/mDV,m+,1!Z!/,':!$':!/ h c h $8'!/ 3!/3n2,3-$,j#27o>?/" 6&2F*$$S"DCJj$@0$8I!,'R,7" Y$"!'L6N!/ DpqDpr eDstr  Dqpr  !"# $ #%&'(# $ #)&'(*&+ ,-./0 *122( 13# $ #145622122$(  6 ##1$5781228( 9+:;<%;=&'/%'>?;+@#A/ &'("1&'(; BC/#1D22$5228E422113FG B;HI9@++J;(>;K;HG-!+>!;0G(A%L(;;&' MKG;=; e:d,'t>out/ ($"!3Y,$m272!/$,Z2+,%!$v !  d!wd $023f!/)=33/ d c h 3->$,-^2 d>pxd/6&2D!/$,Z22S"mL:[ D d  h DeD h  p DD u  q DD p  x D 1@#*$)j!y *12267( 13N1456226712246(D =/OG-A##E 13P12Q752246121347R47121317 @@NA 7 # 8 / $ #  #D+G-OASSSE TA$U;4(*;"VW""X;* 6 +Y#$"IIZ;6(*BC/*A **[(;T*<;?; *6;?;D!Y,$.!2,Z2!,-!/F,!/+,1L:"!Y,$z' 2 e$8M!2,{52026&!!,O!8"!,"!,)j!y2,Q!/$"2!@"!$% $,||| e:uP\]ZG^(%*AT00G+"_/^`;a%[(;4>26( ]ZG+%G-?W* 6 +""X;Y# $ IZ;7>$6(!;(!B0;O?;;! ;a*AT0G-?-/+AAD;bGKE *##># $ # T# $ #> 6 #  # '"!/"!dh?dTXem 4 D d  p > h w d w d } c 6 #  #># $ d#D# $ Ee# Y/CG?;G-;K9:&=/ @#4+"_/^`;a##;f;##A;7*> 0-&g@#H%A##A # $ # @#6Y0-(&;?O;##A0GV;h@@+M- (+  ,-./0UO0GG-?>L(/I0A/O *17$6542Q1227( 14562271226( 13P14265226141347R4814131613O;##D!@#4/E @!&C/fTi ++J;(/%;H;A\;j;;#Kk(l ;+IlZGPA;Xg4+6@#A-M!@#+YI0l-&m <nnDT@A/-72e82&E TA@+AQ>6]ZG^([;(;A(\<;?;N;H"";?2>4(Y#Ph; Q>6]ZG;"VW""* 6 5Y# $ "I&+64>8*@%b;aNAo *;T;+/;G+G;c(;+/; @+":4 ;-6;"V>i":6;f;##A;GI+I<% kjIZ;&'(;a##kjIZ;N ,-./0 *126(13##145626124(  6<;?;%5"WY#f44 13N124e24122( (##12478178 13(N176 13P1765221Q713p1Q7e71$q13FGcnn e)O!3f!/ e:p4>6(# $ #>&(\lIZ;]ZG&-GL(N D^( ##> # 6  A # $ # "IE  A \ N ; "V W IZ "I * 6  Dh; *Y $ E+""X; Y# $ >IZ;46>q8(*#&;aG-?# $ #A D8>8 eDQ2>2 D8> D2>7 i~y$,&,A2!• dttoF,Bek %s((]ZGN^(;D;E><;?;>00G+"_/^`; "VWD"IE>IZ;(\]ZG+JrA(\]ZG<sD;f'<&W# 6 A4$>EA\sG-?W(\IZ"I* 6 Dh;*Y $ E+""X;Y# $ > &+87>Q(*,+X;a(A D>Q eDQ>Q D>7 Dq>6 i~y$,&,A2!• dttoF,Bk %q$>8(<;?;NG-?AAW(\IZ"I* 6 Dh;*Y $ E+" "X;Y# $  >IZ;((*#AAA((*""X;#Y $ h;>&+ 6>67jY 6 D&-GL(g"/>i;EO?;;aNA D $ #  # eD## D 7 # q # D 6 #  # i~y$,&,A2!• dttoF,Bk #]ZGN^(##A# $ #Df(44Et/>$(]ZGN;"VW>(  6 #  #D;K;;# 6 u 7 h;EIZ;((]ZG&D&;a;;G-?& Q2E,+X;a(A *42>46 T8>7Q Q>42 c48>62 '"!/"!dh?dTXem 6 dD,1!Z!/B$2,0#2S"!3Y,$>XJ$Y>!2'L>R$"26'R#L2 €,%!L-^2)y+,-.!/+,0+/1 w,Q!/$"J'J0!,JB 'L2S" d ):JB 'L2S" d 5/16:$O+>)y${LCJB 'L2U!/!,-)yJ'J0!,JB 'L>2026&!$I A2$8'!/J02,$," F,1'5,589):!; 6;$2,;2,.!D w,Q•)="!2'L$"27!‚! d ci! d }! d ki7$,5L: n k €e:$O+0+3f!/ e:?F';/]ZG6;^`;;v&'(>IZ;j 6 A<IW;# 6 ;f(  6 # 6 1$7T0'IZG=g4+6;A86O?;6;Aw # 7 A $ # Q  e> 6 # 8 A $ # Q  ƒ 6 # 8  6 A 7 # 42  6  # 7 A 6 # 8  6 ,0$,C!)j!y! d „! d ‚…"!2'L!' 1@#*$)j!y%!$I 8"  n ‚! d ci! d }! d k  n ‚hciuwhk‚h  ~0+0! e:dUO x ; x /(O y ;;I x ;I< y ;I< x ; z { x  6 { | % y O x I< y  6 6  #  (  ( 77 6= OI x ; G=I | ; | ; z  ƒ 6 # 8  6 eD 7 # Q  6 D $ # Q  6   # 42  6 ,0$,C!)j!yf'IZj+ 6 }# 6  1@#*$)j!y@0GV;"~;O?;@=I+ ( 6 (# 6 177613 6 # 6 16$D;A//654Q1461$>;• 6  7757714616MA(+•&'+ jE @; 1 6 5D# 6 e 6 E 165$e61613FGA*nn - † "$8M!+," ‡ !- ˆ !/$" ˆ 2,!-. ˆ 22 ‡ ""!2'L!'.!2,- ˆ 2$," ‰ !,"!FY!€!"!3Y,$‚!"!2'L  D &'/%I | O /O | B{ z = y /O x ; z 'I<I x ;&O x ( 6 IE e:h(;/; z 6G= z % z  = z 4(O x ; x / z  z €6>67{ x  6 D;E = z 6( x ;I< x ; z  z  z />FO x ; x / z  z I< y /€((# 6 (; x  x + y  z  4>8e4>Q4>74> ,0$,C!)j!y!diF,B$2,0#"!2'Lk‚!"!FY!iF,B$2,0#"!2'Lk‚t>? 'L 1@#*$)j!yPA';/  6 1# 6 12>4(13(# 6 14>Q TA7FO x ; x /( 6 #  #I< y ;2>6( 6 FO x ; x /8#$#I< y ;2>6( 6 ( 6 #  # x ; " y < x 8# $ #D; x # 6 u 7 > 2 , | &I | #1422EI< y ;((&(; x  x + y  z  7>7eQ>Q4$>64>8 ,0$,C!)j!y *+,0$,C!!,"!,$,j#JB 'L2S" d J!,8"3'"!2'L‚JB 'L d 2S""R$J!,8">)I$,*27JB 'L2S""!2'L 6N!/JB 'L2S""R$ 1@#*$)j!y  6 #  #1# $ #1456 6 145626124( 13( 6 #  #12478178 13•&124D6qRqE1QQ13GTnn K9- † "$8M!+," ‡ !- ˆ !/ ˆ $2," ˆ #"!Y,$!'>.!2,- ˆ 22,'J ˆ  'L d ‚J ˆ  'L d !Y,$ 6 >H xt+ → "!2'L 2 6 >O t+ → 2 Š !/2,'J ˆ  'L d 6• ‰ !/J ˆ  'L d F, ˆ $"!Y,$2' ‰ !J ˆ  'L d 2 ‡ ""!2'L$,‹ ‰ !,M ‰ ,.!D ˆ  'L  d $8 † ,.!6• ‰ !/J ˆ  'L d " Š 2 † !/)" ‰ '"!3Y,$D !diV,B$2,0#"!2'Lk‚!di,'_2!dF,B$2,0#"!3Y,$kŒ!diF,+,1!Z!/)="!3Y,$k '"!/"!dh?dTXem $ TA FO x ; x /O‚< y G6><;I x ;I< y ;2>7( 6 #"+ x  z  z 6 z /;= z 2>6(# 6  I< y ;O‚< y G6;><;I x ;FO x ; x / z  z O‚< y G6;{ z &O x (# 6 I< y ; z  2>7(e2>8(2>Q(2>$( ,0$,C!)j!yYI_+%>@=_G=j;+ƒM;;!"„"AJ(J@/&'(# 6 ';/ ;&'( 6 ';/"R&'(# 6 ;\AG-?W" 1@#*$)j!y # 6 127R26128(nnD-42&E ;!/>0 (+;;-./0I0A/>&m+CZ+;-"!I<~P  +  (  ;;  !  &m  G  /    ;-  :    (   ;    A(    M  !    .-  ;    nn TA8#]ZG*^(;;:;<><;?;>(!;iA&><;?;>(!;i  M G-?0W ((*;H722(""X;Y#2>PY0';/AA((]ZGA/ IZ;2>8( 6  ,+X;a(A *Q>7( T44>8( 47>Q( c68>7( 1@#*$)j!y @~;0A_;G&'0;;!0@@;;a6;+%A#66 -6;+%5"WY#f44%Y#11227126( 131285261$ 13@@ $ # 8  6 13(1267147Q13FGnn TA F ' ;/]ZG&><;?;IZ;4>Q(# 6 @a/G=AA]ZG 6& +% IZ; ]ZGN^(;A Y0 ' ;/ 456]ZGN  Mj; 6  IZ;A%w *4>46j T6>67j $>$8j c7>7Qj  @~;+AA/-42&+/>im&><;?;  6 1# 6  U-()?;A&'(#6-()&'(H ,-./0 # 6 14Q54Q124(1 6 13-()  6 145624122(13B122667144613FGA*nn c!T@';/;f.;;!T@+%>%;;! (;;T@;MA(%(@="kGHA/i =/ hD&!/6:$O+)yXJ$Y,7">R:+,a!/,7">+,1!Z!/$8!/,a""R$ €,%!L-^2)y+,-.!/+,0+/1 wTy+,1!Z!/YJ$Y,7"~%#L:+,1!Z!/2S""R$)2.,'_2,42.)="!2'L5$&'8"YJ$Y)2.,'_2YJ$Y,4 2.DT:+,1!Z!/!:#L:+,1!Z!/$,O!!/,n2,D,-!/3&!/e!:#JK,H)yF,BL-^!/YJ$Y$&'8">,CJj$ +,1!Z!/,'_2F,BL-^!/2S""R$>"!2'L[ wTy+,1!Z!/R:+,a!/,7"T=3&!/e!:#$,IF,7,.!D%!-"8"202L-•J"F,/1e3&!/!:# V,6:2,'d2,Z2,-2.F,$c3)="'8V :2,' Œd B):?"!2'L$,I27F,1!•!/d2,j$,42.7L: ••Ž):•ŽŽ•Ž27!"‚!•Ž '_2 ••Ž):•ŽŽ27!"…!•Ž Œ? B):?"!2'L27!,4!/F,1!•!/J" ••Ž):• '_2 ••Ž):• '_2 •):•Ž Œ? B):d"!2'L$,I27!,v!/F,1!•!/J" ••Ž):••ŽŽ '_2 ••Ž):•ŽŽ €~_26C$2,Q•*y!72,j$,42.7272,{272,Z2YJ$Y$,IF,!/J"'>!,-!/!*!7272,Z2 YJ$Y :2,Q!/$"!72,{272,Z2YJ$Y$,I•"8!!/>$,•2$*LQ2!*"R$"2,Z2,'_2"!2'L" 2,Z2!72,-"$023f!/,*$2,Z2$,IF,1!•!/YJ$Y$&'8"27!,7 2,Z22S"2,Q!/DTI$,*/1y2! 2,Q•5 !:# '"!/"!dh?dTXem 7 wTy,1!Z!/$8!/,a""R$$"/1!,-)2.‘‘ "3E!/  B‚ "R$Œ $•!/D *$023f!/">">" d  h ‚…  B‚ "R$ŒddD!"R$‚!"R$i"R$Œddki,'_2d! d >!"k *$023f!/)=V>V>" d  h ‚…  B‚ "R$ŒhoD!"R$‚!"R$i"R$Œhoki,'_2d! d >!"k 7$,M )y+,!"R$.!2,Z2ŒV‚… d  +3f!/eY$,I!Y!,O!‚!Y!,-!/!D 'LV‚d! d iT=!L:JBY!,O!2S"Vk :!R$.!2,Z2‚d! d ‚…!R$‚!D 'LV eh h ŒL‚…i h k h Œh d •"):'‚…! h ‚h!L :L!,-!/hY  !R$i~.!2,Z2k‚!D 'LV‚d! d i"#3E!/k  T=R$6j$FI$,I"6*$"D 'LR$‚d! d i)="L:JB/B2k  "D 'LR$‚!D 'LV‚d! d ehik d ŒdL‚…dik h LŒh d hR 'L„‚dR 'L‚…hR TO#)="‚dik d $,Id!‚h!L‚d! d ,Y'!,-$,IQ!/‚…$’!/@0$"D 'LR$‚!D 'LV‚d! d  i)="L:JB/B2D!L:JBY!,-!/2S"Vk 02,G!,2S"?JB2,j$!,"!,"0+3f!/ !  d!  “ i“2,",*$2,'dkb$8M! e~y6:2,'R$6$"!'2$,I6$"!‚…!‚u>'2‚…“‚di.!2,Z2k  ‚?uDuŒhd‚oo>R$!'.!2,Z2‚?u!Œ?sD“  '_2$G!,$,Y'202,6:"!3Y,$Lj#‚usL:  B2‚… h ‚usŒ?u‚st €e:$O+Z!/3f!/ e:?[(;;"VW422(""X;Y#6P kaU'IZ('IZ;A DU0.a; …eD4$>8( D47>6( D46>8( ,0,C!)j!y !‚!"!M!$]7$G!,-^2JB 'L B 1@#*$)j!y †G"VGI<GG‡-('IZ; ##1Y#1(' 13(('1246D78R66E1?hDs/ TA6 >8(:;<N<;?;>(!;i;"V0W $  IZ;>6Q( (';a :;<O?;;!b;aNA *# 6 1#e# T# $ # #≡e# c# $ e# 6 e# ,0$,C!)j!y T=3&!/e!:#>2,Q!/$"F,!/!M!_$6Q$8"$G!,L: /I2,'F,’‘‘>]!//,+$L!>!,l !,"!, !,-J"JB 'L"R$.!2,Z2JB 'L" h ‚d?): B‚upŒiutwdk‚oh‘‘ 1@#*$)!y †G"VGG‡-('IZ; 13(‡16Qe8146 13h1465$Q1227( Y4;K;]A/5"W>';_0A';#+>I fM64gA(';a %'IZ(;a('‡%A72e61$Q 1312276122Q( 13P1613p16A'; 6 # $ 13G*AKnn p0;;!0G"VH/„ &mO= '"!/"!dh?dTXem  TA$F46(;W4$>Q(D;# 6 u 7  h;A(K;;E0G-?!W +!;= >IZ;44(&#&;aG-?&A *T2 86>c DF'T‡(622Enn 1@#*$)j!y # $ #146582126(  6 #  #14$Q57812$(  5"f44%0>j &1445QQ1246(  &'(&;f!+A246D~;0EI+G-?A26(Dj/0E%#A #1D246526E42218613GAKnn TA7#]ZGN^(##A# $ #Df(44Et/>$(]ZGN;"VW >( 6 #  #D;K;;# 6 u 7 h;EIZ;((]ZG&D&;a;;G-?& Q2E,+X;a(AD;#14>146>148E D42>46 eD8>7Q DQ>42 D48>62 i~yF,B!• dttqk ,0$,C!)j!y6*;f(44AA<;?;>%O (&'((];(A% (+ ';p+ M-./0T@< 1@#*$)j!y ,b@@TAp#13p#R82E561$ 13p1$e71Q p#1$5$124(  6 #  #15781246( 13*G-?0>j •&!+;;O?;Apˆ 6 #  13(124DQR77R6qEQ218>7Q13FGT K9Y0#j&-GL( =WQ2>;•0j;G-? =W422+^; ;Q2D=/A;;;!/\%&ZT@&OE TA $>8 (  ;;/; > < ;?; N ; "V A A W22 ( " "X; ^(U# 2>46P A Y# 2>46P O ;! " "X;  IZ; Q>6Q ( ] ZG ; +J  O?;G=g ;aNA D 6 #  # eD# $ # D## D $ #  # iyF,Be!• dttok ,0$,C!)j!y‰&/U#Y#144%;Š"vGG+ M (+;O?;+  Mj"„"A< 1@#*$)j!y Fh;O?;+ ;a‹<Ap# 13p#1D8R72E5617Q 13(p#1D228R228E7Q18 †G"VXC-A'IZ; (#61$8R8eQ6Q142Q13#61228( 13*1228( 13P1$8522818213FGT TA824(,/+G-?W24;;K;;# 6 u 7 h;>&AQ2IZ;( (&TDO;?;?;;E,+X(A *4$2Q T4726 4$42 c486 DF~;0E ,0$,C!)j!yc„/:+A;G-?Wf4$%&'(0nn BAh;•&T;f;;?;&O;;?;;DF=/A;Hh;.=(>j"!&&mM ij"V0GOnnE '"!/"!dh?dTXem 8 1@#*$)j!yUOh;KGŒc @f4$%0>j •&AD# $ E $  $ #  (•&145$2464QQ2542214$2Q YOKO>-+J;(;Kh;.=(W&';=>I A+X ;ak;M.&+fG-?YI0A(lA(;J<>/%\+a+;< jc TA24(,/+G-?W24;;K;;# 6 u 7 h;>&AQ2IZ;( (&T,+X(A *4$42 T4726 4$7 c426 ,0$,C!)j!y FA;AAI<~>;f;i4M((;'>(A9X;a@=I+Mk;;!;Kj OnnY0O ƒ>;;!&m+"„XkF+•&T>;?O >C/O^ƒ;f; 4;?;&>(A;M;•;?;;: 1@#*$)j!y @-I<~IA8W&!+AD# $ E $  $ #  BC/f>;Š0 (•&14$2QD;K9k;<(AAO4$42AE BC/G+%&>/A+;c@~;0+,/+iAA/@=;G-?O0>&' ;?;;a•;•S @;;f&';~;!A$>C/?;A;•4>6;K;Ig@=GM;;!"„ Œ  $ # 7 D#E $ R# $ #D#$E $ #  D#E $e R# 6  ,-&g14 &AD# $ E $ #  D#E 6 BC/^ƒW;;•>,/+0 13(•&1244$7Q25422142613FGc Y0!AO=W&V>GA13&c tI9tH&hG"!A/>0+j kGA( >G+%>/;f&';a( D# $ Ee+&1&'# $ #%WMG=j;;A"I>;A04;;; nn  YI  l  /%  A  %  0  G  M  +  H(  •  4  ;;    0;  TAQNA(\&<;?;>;f'<'W# 7 A>Y0(6>6(&NW""X; Y#D"IE>IZ;6>2(('O?;;!b;aNA *## 6 # 6 # $  T##D# $ E 6   6 #  # $  c# $  6 #   ,0$,C!)j!yUhG"!A/>;K.&/'IZ;a&A'IZ;a;+J &G-?A&'(G-?WY#Y0G-?kaWY#C/('&G-?;f; •&>;•0Y#"I> G-j&'(Y#A;+J&G-?Y A&'(;a•&A&' (('DOG-;+JE/'IZ&W<'IZ('%';pŽ•# $ e+#e13!G nn 1@#*$)j!y B Y#b;"I>j&'(;a& P&1481QQ 13&1665QQ1226( 13P('16252261Q6 13p1Q6e81413p1# $ eDOG-pŽcE 13pŽ1QQeq16q13pŽA 6 #  e @@AppŽ13# $  6 #  13Gc '"!/"!dh?dTXem  TAq F62>7((\;:;<*<;?;W$22(""X;Y#4PIZ;('TAZG;:I;< G-?WY"IIZ;6>67# 6 D;EUTWY#+JIZ;jc;•''W 6  2>UIZ;;:;<•OG-?W*Y $ 5Y# $ N;X@@;a*w *# $ # 6 # 6 # $  T# $ e#D# $ E 6  # $ # 6 #D# $ E 6 c# $ # 6 # 6 # 6 # $  ,0$,C!)j!y5"WY&+j# 6 13A;+•GIW*Y $ 13OA ;C;4>Ah; AG@0*A&B =/A+J;((kcTWY#+J +j13(';aY 1@#*$)j!y •&<;?;13ppŽ ppŽRY#pYRpŽ#DB0GM;;!"„ME # 6 124(13*;1624126( Y#12$( T5"WY#!+cA# 7  BC/p;MA#$>h;Y# 6 Y   AG!/GAc @0';pA# $ eA&'(GI Y#"I>%j; 13•&1*;126( 13P&16275261426 13pŽ1426eq17$13'; $ #  eA;C;6h;$%!G*13GTK ;K9F_A+J;( ;H;j;>O;HG-A(0+ (G>;Kk-k!G >^lG- (M&=;;>M!G;;j;nn@~;0+-A/~C;Š"A Œ(c TA42*A]ZG^(;:;<(!;`N>sD;f;?>#>E;"VkaWQ(Y# IZ;(\;<;?;A(';a:;<<;?;tIZ;IZ;;;"VWY"IIZ; 6>67# 6 D;EN>s\;!ZG; w *4A4& T4;A4& 4A4; c6& ,0$,C!)j!yF=/A+/>G-J\;;KG-W;;+IlZG;a&#K./4 ;KŒ €d B):?"!2'L$,I27F,1!•!/d2,j$,42.7L: ••Ž):•ŽŽ•Ž27!"‚!•Ž '_2 ••Ž):•ŽŽ27!"…!•Ž 1@#*$)j!y *;1624126( Y#1Q572126( 13pŽ#1Y#13FGAc e$)O!3f!/ #]ZGN^(6;:;<(!;i>;?;v(\!(;?;b;U7>6(]ZGNW IZ"I""X;Y# IZ;(\;<;?;A$Q>6(]ZG(';a6:;<<;?;>0 0G+"_/^`Ph;>0';/0q>77(]ZGN;Hk"a46>2q8jj 6 >IZ; 42>$27jj 6 ;j"i;L O?;;!;ak;;+NA *## 6 e#1# 6 A# $ # 6 e#1# 6  T# $ # 6 e#1# 6 A 6 #  # 6 e#1# 6  # 6 1## 6 e# $ A# $ #1#e# 6 e# $  c# 6 1## $ A# $ #1#e# $ ,0$,C!)j!yY AG>0NA;a•&<;?;>Oc>0G0h@Mj >;;!A(0GŒnn '"!/"!dh?dTXem Q uD02++61'$':!$8'!/,7",A2,42.):?JB2!/$,Z2$G!,$'0!!,"!, €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ,1!Z!//4""!2'L):VFy ,1!Z!/!2'L27!B2)=",'_2V•ik! d•wik!Œd!"‚…d•wi"k!Œ! d */ARL:JB 'L"!2'L‚…!DR‚d! d ‚!"‚!VT=!L:JB/B2i!L!27k T=8^.!2,Z2!‚?‚…R‚d! d D"2,Z2)=LRY8L27!‚h‚…hR‚d! d D X$#LY!/L2'L27!‚d‚…R‚! d 02,$G!,  B!"$8"2'L"$$&'$,:!, E!/$•!//1 F,BL-^!/ e!2'L6j$FI d•wik!Œd!"‚…d•i"k!Œ! d ? 'L‚…? 'L‚… $•!/‚ •i"k!i Bk} •wik!i!2'Lk ‚i•Œhx!k}i8Œ?q!k‚dd! T%#)=R 'L•ik‚… $•!/‚dd!DR 'L‚  B} "!2'L   B‚ "!2'LŒ $•!/‚ "!2'LŒdd!DR‚Ri"!2'LŒdd!k  -.!/$•-)7V‚…  B‚ "!2'LŒho!DR‚Ri"!2'LŒho!k :!•wik!‚dc! 'Ld‚…  B‚ "!2'LŒd!dDddi~B)=">DhoB)=Vk e)O!3f!/ 4Q>7;/;;"VWY"I>0&G-?2 'IZ('IZ;A D8>Q( …eD4$>8( D42>Q( DU0.a; ?o>u/"!2'Li $,•2$*6"!k‚…ri+k‚ D?ttrc ptr‚ D?ttrc?o>u ‚x>d/ ‚…! d  p i," /"+k‚x>dcus‚t>d 'L‚…  '‚! "!2'L i "!2'L Œddk‚t>diusŒddk‚?h>s/ ”'*r+‚… ‚ Drc?ttr"# ‚ Dt>pi!,-6:$8M!k *rJ+‚… ‚ D?ttrcr‚ D?ttc €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ &!/6:$O+LM!@"!*!+,1!Z!/R,7""!2'L6O2‚…"!3Y,$ &!/6:$O+$,-!/$I $,Z22S""!2'L,'_2$G!,F,BL-^!/"!2'L,-.!/+,0+/1DE!/$•!//1 F,B L-^!/D F,+,1!Z!/$,IJ"+,•!Z!/$,-^22,j$8;!$,I 2,j$8;!$8-=2‚ 2,j$8;!J"Œ?sD!"!2'Li'_2"!3Y,$k *2,'t>? 'Li"#o/k$,I~yFC!2S" ,j$8;!$,-^2 …t>?Dsu‚s>u/‚…~yVC!$’!/@0$ ‚!Dsu pe#6e#R13pe#RR#6 ,j$8;!$8-=2 ,j$8;!J"27$,53- ? 'L ‚… ? 'L ‚… ? 'L ot/ su/‚… 1 ‚ 8'2} J"‚?s/)=? 'L"!2'L TO#)=R 'L"!2'L‚… /1 ‚ $8-=2} J"‚?sDR‚… $8-=2‚ J"Œ?sR '"!/"!dh?dTXem q e$)O!3f!/ e?F((DE;/;4>8DEuG`?IZ;"/A47;+J ,+X(1w D4>8 e$>6 D7>Q D>8 †G"V@1312>4(13(/;12>4$61$>613T edF($>6;<;?;*4>8&G-?IZ;"/A47;+J@ (@ ># $ # eD 6 #  # D $ #  # D 7 # q # 3f!/ 2,j$8;!J"‚ 2,j$8;!$8-=2}?sD!!2'L 4714>8d48;13*;12>4(13P;1$>652>41$613*  D!3Y,$Œ d ‚…!2'L!'.!2,Z2 •wŒ d ‚…• d ie h  q Œ d ‚… u  x k ‚…!•w‚! d ‚!• h i"#!"!3Y,$‚! !2'L ‚! d k e)O!3f!/ %?D((]ZG^(;(/;A%[(; e]ZG;"VWY"I IZ;7>7Q+OD;Ei!2'LZk e]ZG;"VW*65Y#$"I IZ;64>8(*i!3Y,$+Zk,+X;a(A D4>2( eD46>Q( D6>Q( …D47>$( !3Y,$F'+,1!Z!/)="‚…!2'L h +-TI.!2,Z2‚…! h ‚dDd‚t>u 'L iRY L&+,!"!2'LRD!‚d! d )=RL:JB 'L"!2'L>!L:JB/B2k ‚…  h ‚t>uDhd‚?d>o/D!2'LF'+-)=/ d c h i/ h c h k ‚…"!3Y,$+-!‚!/cdRi)=RL:JB/B2k‚!/cui)I27d!,7 k ‚t>dcu‚t>tp 'L‚… ‚t>tpDht‚?>p/‚… ,–!,^+‚ !2'LŒ "!3Y,$ ‚?d>oŒ?>p‚?u>h €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ D 023f!/)=V,'&$(!/i~Z!/$8-=2$8'!/3W#,'&$(!/Vk !•wikŒ‚…i•k!Œ!cd d iT=!L:,7"$8n2S"Vk ]‚…!•wiR$.!2,Z2k‚d! d T@6# $ #R13D# $ E 6 R# 6  !Vc!R$‚JB2,Z2‚!i,=ki!L:JB/B2k D 023f!/)='R6"“' 6peD#ERP 6 136DpEPR# 6 DA+XPE T@6# $ #RP13DpE 6 PR# 6  D 023f!/)=6"“' peD#ERPD#E136DpEPR# 6  T@ 6 #  #RY#13 6 #  YR# 6   !VY i"):Vkc!R$‚JB2,Z2‚!i,=ki!L:JB/B2k 7$,M )y+,1!Z!//4"8^.!2,Z2)=Fy $,’iV5 $,(2!,7 >"ik d /idkDDk d•wikŒik d ‚…i•wk d Œd d iL:F L'&!,7 k !•‚d!ik d TD 023f!/)= B$&'8" B =):"R$ = T@p#R $ 13Dp#E 6 R 6 R# 6  B 023f!/)=!2'Li+,1!Z!/YJ$Y,7"k i"!2'L!'):"R$!'‚…YJ$Y!'k '"!/"!dh?dTXem 42 [...]... hai rượu đồng đẳng kế tiếp và một muối duy nhất Công thức cấu tạo thu gọn của 2 este là A H-COO-CH3 và H-COO-CH2CH2CH3 B CH3COO-CH3 và CH3COO-CH2CH3 C C2H5COO-CH3 và C2H5COO-CH2CH3 D H-COO-CH3 và H-COO-CH2CH3 Lướt qua đáp án loại đáp án A vì tạo ra 2 ancol không phải đồng đẳng kế tiếp Tiếp đến thấy chữ” xà phòng hóa hoàn toàn” nên t/d với NaOH là khoảng vừa đủ Vậy ta làm như sau để loại tiếp đáp án nNaOH=1.5*0.1=0.15mol... Tân nghĩ là nhanh nhất khi làm trắc nghiệm.Hay hơn cách giải BT như tự luận rất nhiều :D Ví dụ 2: Một este X (chỉ chứa C,H,O và một loại nhóm chức) tỷ khối hơi của X đối với O2 bằng 3,125 Cho 20 gam X tác dụng với 0,3 mol NaOH, cạn dung dịch sau phản ứng thu được 23,2 gam bã rắn C ông thức cấu tạo của X là: A CH3COOCH=CH-CH3 B C2H5COOCH=CH2 C CH2-CH=CH-COO-CH3 D.CH2=CH-COO-C2H5 BT giải như sau:Ngay... đầu tiên - Ta thấy khối lượng muối lớn hơn khối lượng của este, vậy gốc R’ là CH 3- hoặc H,nhưng là este nên là gốc CH 3- Vậy loại đáp án C và D Muốn chọn bậy thì tỉ lệ là 50%  - Như thế ta đã xác định được gốc R’ là CH 3-, tiếp đến ta thấy thế này RCOOR’  RCOONa Theo pp tăng giảm khối lượng ta mtăng=2 3-1 5=8 và khối lượng tăng là 4.7 6-4 .2=0.56g =>n=0.56/8=0.07mol =>Mmuối=4.76/0.07=68 =>R=6 8-6 7=1 =>R... lít C 3,36 lít D 4,48 lít Giải quyết vấn đề:2 R-OH +2Na => 2RONa + H2 PT 2mol 2mol 1mol  m Tăng = 22.2 = 44g Theo đầu bài khối lượng tăng = 14,4 – 10 = 4,4 g  nH2 = 4,4 /44 = 0,1 mol => V = 2,24 lít Ta biết R-OH => RONa M tăng 22 g Mà m tăng = 4,4 g => nR-OH =nRONa = 0,2 mol Mà tỉ lệ giữa R-OH với H2 là 2:1 => nH2 = 1/2nR-OH = 0,1 mol 17 Dư ̣a vào ĐLBTNT và ĐLBTKL: - Trong các phản ứng hóa... D tương tự nhau, chỉ đổi gốc R và R’ nên 1 trong 2 đáp án đó là đúng ^^ Meste=3.125*32=100 =>neste=20/100=0.2mol =>nNaOHdư=0. 3-0 .2=0.1mol =>mNaOH=0.1*4=4g =>mmuối=23. 2-4 =19.2g =>R’# CH 3- (loại đáp án C) Mmuối=19.2/0.2=96=>R=9 6-6 7=29=>R là C2H5-Ngay lập tức chọn B luôn, khỏi giải gì nữa :D Ví dụ 3: Xà phòng hoá hoàn toàn 9,7 gam hỗn hợp hai este đơn chức X, Y cần 100 ml dung dịch NaOH 1,50 M Sau phản... ̀ 2 chấ t hữu mang đố t cháy cùng số mol Vì số mol CO2 luôn = sốC(trong chất hữu cơ) Mol hữu BT: C2H5OH => 2CO2 và C2H6 => 2CO2 BT7: Đố t cháy a gam C2H5OH đươ ̣c 0,2 mol CO2 Đố t cháy 6g CH3COOH đươ ̣c 0,2 mol CO2 Cho a gam C2H5OH tác du ̣ng với 6g CH3COOH (có H2SO4đ xt, t0 Giả sử H = 100%) đươ ̣c c gam este C có giá tri ̣là: A 4,4g B 8,8g C 13,2g D 17,6g Giải quyết vấn đề:... aminoaxit: xét phản ứng với HCl HOOC-R-NH2 + HCl → HOOC-R-NH3Cl 1 mol → 1mol → ∆ m ↑ = 36,5g BT13: Cho 20,15g hỗn hơ ̣p 2 axit no đơn chức tác du ̣ng vừa đủ với dd Na 2CO3 thì thu đươ ̣c V lít CO2 (đktc) và dd muố i.Cô ca ̣n dd thì thu đươ ̣c 28,96g muố i Giá tri ̣của V là: A 4,84 lít B 4,48 lít C 2,24 lít D 2,42 lít E Kế t quả khác Giải quyết vấn đề: Go ̣i công thức trung...RCO OH + H O R’ = RCOOR’ +H2O ********************************************************************* Phản ứng đốt cháy CnH2n+1COOH + (3n+1)/2O2 => (n+1)CO2 + (n+1) H2O PHương pháp giải: Dùng tăng giảm khối lượng thì nhanh hơn , như phần phenol , ancol Khi cho axit tác dụng với (KL , kiềm , Axit cachonic) Ta dùng CT: m muối = m axit + m tăng Nếu tác dụng Na,NaOH,Na2CO3 => m muối = m axit + 22.naxit... Phần này chỉ cần nhớ hệ số ở O2 HoangTan2312 LOVE BX 13 VớiCxHy => x+y/4 ,,,, Với CxHyOz => (x+y/4 – z/2) Trang viết dành riêng cho Kiều – Bé bự, Hoàng, Giáp và BX Bởi lẽ Tân nghĩ 4 người sẽ hiểu những gì Tân sắp viết ra đây, và sẽ ứng dụng nó một cách nhanh nhất của 4 người Hy vọng là Tân sẽ viết dễ hiểu :)) Ví dụ 1: Cho 4,2g este đơn chức no E tác dụng hết với dung dịch NaOH ta thu được 4,76g muối... là: A 10 B 12 C 15 D 17 HoangTan2312 LOVE BX 11 ́ Giải quyết vấn đề: Ap du ̣ng công thức : x( x + 1) ete 2 → thu đươ ̣c 15 ete BT12: Đun 132,8 hỗn hơ ̣p gồ m 3 ancol đơn chức với H 2SO4 đă ̣c, 1400C → hỗn hơ ̣p các ete có số mol bằ ng nhau và có khố i lươ ̣ng là 111,2g Số mol mỗi ete là: A 0,1 mol B 0,2 mol C 0,3 mol D 0,4 mol Giải quyết vấn đề: Đun hỗn hơ ̣p 3 ancol ta ̣o ra 6 . ˆ $d2,% ˆ $ ,- Š 2.>+,%! $- ‡ 2' ˆ 2 ‰ !/J ˆ !/#M! $- ‡ > -. † 22 ‰ !/J ˆ  'L d $,‹ ‰ d2,% ˆ $ ,- Š 2. "!/. 165$e61613FGA*nn - † "$8M!+," ‡ ! - ˆ !/$" ˆ 2, !-. ˆ 22 ‡ ""!2'L!'.!2 ,- ˆ 2$," ‰ !,"!FY!€!"!3Y,$‚!"!2'L

Ngày đăng: 02/09/2013, 14:10

Từ khóa liên quan

Tài liệu cùng người dùng

  • Đang cập nhật ...

Tài liệu liên quan