Chapter 13: Two Groups Too Many? Try Analysis of Variance Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE Who is responsible for the invention of the F statistic? a Pearson Fisher b Karl Pearson c R A Fisher d R A Pearson ANS: REF: OBJ: COG: C PTS: DIF: Easy Introduction to Analysis of Variance What analysis of variance is and when it is appropriate to use Knowledge The ANOVA is like an extension of the _ a t-test b F-test c Correlation d Regression ANS: REF: OBJ: COG: A PTS: DIF: Easy Introduction to Analysis of Variance What analysis of variance is and when it is appropriate to use Knowledge The ANOVA uses the _ a F-test b t-test c p-test d r-test ANS: REF: OBJ: COG: A PTS: DIF: Easy Introduction to Analysis of Variance What analysis of variance is and when it is appropriate to use Knowledge A simple analysis of variance is used to study participants who are tested _ a Only once b Only twice c Once or more d Twice or more ANS: A PTS: DIF: Easy REF: The Path to Wisdom and Knowledge OBJ: What analysis of variance is and when it is appropriate to use COG: Knowledge The ANOVA can be used to test the differences _ a Between two groups only b Between two or more groups c Within a single group d Among three groups only ANS: REF: OBJ: COG: B PTS: DIF: Easy Introduction to Analysis of Variance What analysis of variance is and when it is appropriate to use Knowledge A simple analysis of variance includes _ factor(s) or treatment variables in the analysis a Only one b Only two c Three or more d One or more ANS: REF: OBJ: COG: A PTS: DIF: Easy Different Flavors of ANOVA What analysis of variance is and when it is appropriate to use Knowledge A simple analysis of variance is also called _ a The two-way analysis of variance b Factorial ANOVA c Correlational ANOVA d The one-way analysis of variance ANS: REF: OBJ: COG: D PTS: DIF: Easy Different Flavors of ANOVA What analysis of variance is and when it is appropriate to use Knowledge A factorial ANOVA includes _ treatment factor(s) a More than one b Only one c Only two d Only three or more ANS: REF: OBJ: COG: A PTS: DIF: Easy Different Flavors of ANOVA What analysis of variance is and when it is appropriate to use Knowledge An omnibus test tests _ a Overall differences b Specific comparisons c Very large samples d Very small populations ANS: A PTS: REF: Computing the F-Test Statistic COG: Knowledge DIF: Medium OBJ: How to compute and interpret the F statistic 10 The ANOVA is a(n) _ a Omnibus test b Correlational test c Regressional analysis d Factorial correlation ANS: A PTS: REF: Computing the F-Test Statistic COG: Knowledge DIF: Medium OBJ: How to compute and interpret the F statistic 11 Which of the following is the same as t2 when examining the difference between two groups? a F b T c Cohen’s d d F2 ANS: A PTS: REF: Computing the F-Test Statistic COG: Knowledge DIF: Medium OBJ: How to compute and interpret the F statistic 12 When your research questions calls for you to examine the differences in group means among three or more groups, which of the following would be the appropriate procedure? a Pearson correlation b Dependent-sample t-test c Regression d Analysis of variance ANS: REF: OBJ: COG: D PTS: DIF: Easy Introduction to Analysis of Variance What analysis of variance is and when it is appropriate to use Knowledge 13 What type of ANOVA is used when there is only one type of treatment or grouping factor with more than two levels? a One way b Two way c Three way d Four way ANS: REF: OBJ: COG: A PTS: DIF: Easy Different Flavors of ANOVA What analysis of variance is and when it is appropriate to use Knowledge 14 Which of the following would be an example of a design that examines the effects of gender and socioeconomic status (i.e., high, medium, and low) on a test of student achievement? a Simple ANOVA b One-way ANOVA c  ANOVA d  ANOVA ANS: REF: OBJ: COG: C PTS: DIF: Medium Different Flavors of ANOVA What analysis of variance is and when it is appropriate to use Comprehension 15 Which of the following would be an example of a design that examines the effects of gender and region of residence (e.g., Northeast, South, Midwest, and West)? a Simple ANOVA b One-way ANOVA c  ANOVA d  ANOVA ANS: REF: OBJ: COG: D PTS: DIF: Medium Different Flavors of ANOVA What analysis of variance is and when it is appropriate to use Comprehension 16 Which of the following would be an example of a design that examines the effects of region of residence (e.g., Northeast, South, Midwest, and West) and income (i.e., low, medium, and high)? a Simple ANOVA b One-way ANOVA c  ANOVA d  ANOVA ANS: REF: OBJ: COG: D PTS: DIF: Medium Different Flavors of ANOVA What analysis of variance is and when it is appropriate to use Comprehension 17 If you wanted to examine whether the degree of parental involvement differs based on students’ grade in school (i.e., first, second, third, etc.), what is the dependent variable of interest? a Grade level b Students c Parents d Degree of parent involvement ANS: REF: OBJ: COG: D PTS: DIF: Medium Different Flavors of ANOVA What analysis of variance is and when it is appropriate to use Comprehension 18 If you wanted to examine whether the degree of parental involvement differs based on students’ grade in school (i.e., first, second, third, etc.), what is the independent variable of interest? a Grade level b Students c Parents d Degree of parent involvement ANS: REF: OBJ: COG: A PTS: DIF: Medium Different Flavors of ANOVA What analysis of variance is and when it is appropriate to use Comprehension 19 Which of the following is the formula for computing the F statistic? a F = MSbetween ÷ MSwithin b F = SSbetween ÷ SSwithin c F = MSwithin ÷ MSbetween d F = SSwithin ÷ SSbetween ANS: A PTS: REF: Computing the F-Test Statistic COG: Knowledge DIF: Medium OBJ: How to compute and interpret the F statistic 20 The variability between groups is due to _ a Chance b The grouping factor c The F ratio d The level of the dependent variable ANS: B PTS: REF: Computing the F-Test Statistic COG: Knowledge DIF: Medium OBJ: How to compute and interpret the F statistic 21 The variability within groups is due to _ a Chance b The grouping factor c The F ratio d The level of the dependent variable ANS: A PTS: REF: Computing the F-Test Statistic COG: Knowledge DIF: Medium OBJ: How to compute and interpret the F statistic 22 In order to increase the value of the F statistic, which of the following must occur? a MSwithin > MSbetween b MSwithin = MSbetween c MSwithin < MSbetween d Ratio = ANS: C PTS: REF: Computing the F-Test Statistic COG: Comprehension DIF: Medium OBJ: How to compute and interpret the F statistic 23 What is the first step in the computation of the F statistic? a Setting the level of risk b Selecting the appropriate test c Computing the obtained value d Stating the null and research hypotheses ANS: D PTS: REF: Computing the F-Test Statistic COG: Knowledge DIF: Easy OBJ: How to compute and interpret the F statistic 24 Computing the between-group variance first calls for summing the difference between grand mean (means of all scores) and the group means This is known as the _ a MSwithin b SSwithin c SSbetween d MSbetween ANS: C PTS: REF: Computing the F-Test Statistic COG: Comprehension DIF: Medium OBJ: How to compute and interpret the F statistic 25 When you compute the sum of the differences between each individual score and the group mean, you have calculated the _ a MSwithin b SSwithin c MSbetween d SSbetween ANS: B PTS: REF: Computing the F-Test Statistic COG: Comprehension DIF: Medium OBJ: How to compute and interpret the F statistic 26 When computing the degrees of freedom for ANOVA, how is the within-group estimate calculated? a n - b k - c N - k d (n – 1) ÷ k ANS: C PTS: REF: Computing the F-Test Statistic COG: Comprehension DIF: Medium OBJ: How to compute and interpret the F statistic 27 When computing the degrees of freedom for ANOVA, how is the between-group estimate calculated? a n - b k - c N - k d (n – 1) ÷ k ANS: B PTS: REF: Computing the F-Test Statistic COG: Comprehension DIF: Medium OBJ: How to compute and interpret the F statistic 28 When interpreting F(2, 27) = 8.80, p < 05, how many groups were examined? a 30 b 27 c d ANS: C PTS: DIF: Medium REF: So How Do I Interpret F(2, 27) = 8.80, p < 05? OBJ: How to compute and interpret the F statistic COG: Application 29 When interpreting F(2, 27) = 8.80, p < 05, what is the within-groups df? a 30 b 27 c d ANS: B PTS: DIF: Medium REF: So How Do I Interpret F(2, 27) = 8.80, p < 05? OBJ: How to compute and interpret the F statistic COG: Application 30 When interpreting F(2, 27) = 8.80, p < 05, what is the total sample size examined? a 30 b 29 c d ANS: A PTS: DIF: Medium REF: So How Do I Interpret F(2, 27) = 8.80, p < 05? OBJ: How to compute and interpret the F statistic COG: Application 31 When interpreting F(2, 27) = 8.80, p < 05, what is the between-groups df? a 30 b 27 c d ANS: D PTS: DIF: Medium REF: So How Do I Interpret F(2, 27) = 8.80, p < 05? OBJ: How to compute and interpret the F statistic COG: Application 32 Using ANOVA, a null hypothesis could look like this: a H0 : µ1 = µ2 = µ3 b H0 : µ1 > µ2 > µ3 c H0 : µ1 = µ2 > µ3 d ANS: A PTS: REF: Computing the F-Test Statistic COG: Comprehension DIF: Medium OBJ: How to compute and interpret the F statistic 33 Using ANOVA, an alternative or research hypothesis could look like this: a H0 : µ1 = µ2 = µ3 b H0 : µ1 > µ2 > µ3 c H0 : µ1 = µ2 > µ3 d ANS: D PTS: REF: Computing the F-Test Statistic COG: Comprehension DIF: Medium OBJ: How to compute and interpret the F statistic 34 If the amount of variability due to within-group differences is equal to the amount of variability due to between-group differences, your F value will be equal to _ a b c -1 d ANS: B PTS: REF: Computing the F-Test Statistic COG: Comprehension DIF: Medium OBJ: How to compute and interpret the F statistic 35 In a  factorial design, there are how many levels of the first grouping factor? a b c d 12 ANS: REF: OBJ: COG: B PTS: DIF: Medium Different Flavors of ANOVA What analysis of variance is and when it is appropriate to use Comprehension 36 In a  factorial design, there are how many levels of the second grouping factor? a b c d 12 ANS: REF: OBJ: COG: A PTS: DIF: Medium Different Flavors of ANOVA What analysis of variance is and when it is appropriate to use Comprehension 37 In a  factorial ANOVA design, how many possible group assignments for subjects are there? a b 20 c d ANS: REF: OBJ: COG: B PTS: DIF: Medium Different Flavors of ANOVA What analysis of variance is and when it is appropriate to use Comprehension 38 In a  factorial ANOVA design, how many possible group assignments for subjects are there? a b c d 12 ANS: REF: OBJ: COG: D PTS: DIF: Medium Different Flavors of ANOVA What analysis of variance is and when it is appropriate to use Comprehension 39 If your MSbetween is higher than your MSwithin, your F value will be _ a Higher b Lower c The same d Zero ANS: A PTS: REF: Computing the F-Test Statistic COG: Comprehension DIF: Medium OBJ: How to compute and interpret the F statistic 40 If your MSbetween is lower than your MSwithin, your F value will be _ a Higher b Lower c The same d Zero ANS: B PTS: REF: Computing the F-Test Statistic COG: Comprehension DIF: Medium OBJ: How to compute and interpret the F statistic 41 If your MSwithin is higher than your MSbetween, your F value will be _ a Higher b Lower c The same d One ANS: B PTS: REF: Computing the F-Test Statistic COG: Comprehension DIF: Medium OBJ: How to compute and interpret the F statistic 42 If your MSwithin is lower than your MSbetween, your F value will be _ a Higher b Lower c The same d One ANS: A PTS: REF: Computing the F-Test Statistic COG: Comprehension DIF: Medium OBJ: How to compute and interpret the F statistic 43 A research study is investigating the effects of studying French one, two, or three hours weekly between fourth graders and ninth graders How would this factorial design be best described? a  b  c  d  ANS: REF: OBJ: COG: B PTS: DIF: Medium Different Flavors of ANOVA What analysis of variance is and when it is appropriate to use Comprehension 44 ANOVA first tests for an overall difference between the means This is known as what type of test? a Omnibus b Pluribus c Omnivorous d Omnibor ANS: A PTS: REF: Computing the F-Test Statistic COG: Comprehension DIF: Medium OBJ: How to compute and interpret the F statistic 45 All of the following ANOVA options are available within Excel’s Data Analysis tools EXCEPT this: a ANOVA: single factor b ANOVA: two factor with replication c ANOVA: comprehensive factor d ANOVA: two factor without replication ANS: C PTS: DIF: Easy REF: Using the Amazing Data Analysis Tools to Compute the F Value OBJ: How to use the F.TEST and F.DIST function COG: Knowledge 46 If you perform multiple t-tests, which of the following is true? a The risk of Type I error increases b The risk of Type I error decreases c The risk of Type I error is not impacted d There is a 10% chance of committing a Type I error ANS: A PTS: DIF: Medium REF: So How Do I Interpret F(2, 27) = 8.80, p < 05? OBJ: How to compute and interpret the F statistic COG: Comprehension 47 Talking about the direction of specific differences in ANOVA would not make any sense because it is a(n) _ test a Monobus b Multibus c Omnibus d Octobus ANS: C PTS: REF: Computing the F-Test Statistic COG: Comprehension DIF: Medium OBJ: How to compute and interpret the F statistic 48 In ANOVA, the variance due to differences in performance is separated into variance that is due to differences between individuals _ groups and variance due to differences _ groups a Within; between b Above; between c Above; within d Over; between ANS: A PTS: REF: Computing the F-Test Statistic COG: Knowledge DIF: Medium OBJ: How to compute and interpret the F statistic 49 A researcher wants to create an intervention to improve the well-being of first-semester graduate students, so she gives one group of students specific doses of rocky road ice cream, the next group of students specific doses of licorice, and the third group of students specific doses of chewy fruit-flavored candies for their treatments To analyze the differences in well-being between the types of “treatment,” she would use a(n) _ a Dependent-samples t-test b Analysis of variance c Independent-samples t-test d Repeated-measures analysis of variance ANS: REF: OBJ: COG: B PTS: DIF: Medium Different Flavors of ANOVA What analysis of variance is and when it is appropriate to use Application TRUE/FALSE There are three ANOVA options within the Excel data analysis tools ANS: T PTS: DIF: Easy REF: Using the Amazing Data Analysis Tools to Compute the F Value OBJ: How to use the F.TEST and F.DIST function COG: Knowledge There are several types of ANOVA ANS: REF: OBJ: COG: T PTS: DIF: Easy Different Flavors of ANOVA What analysis of variance is and when it is appropriate to use Knowledge The simple analysis of variance, or one-way analysis of variance, includes only one factor or treatment variable in the analysis ANS: REF: OBJ: COG: T PTS: DIF: Medium Different Flavors of ANOVA What analysis of variance is and when it is appropriate to use Comprehension ANOVA constitutes a pairwise comparison ANS: F PTS: REF: Computing the F-Test Statistic COG: Comprehension DIF: Medium OBJ: How to compute and interpret the F statistic Pairwise comparisons can be used in order to determine whether there are significant differences between specific groups ANS: T PTS: REF: Computing the F-Test Statistic COG: Comprehension DIF: Medium OBJ: How to compute and interpret the F statistic The analysis of variance tests the difference between three or more means ANS: REF: OBJ: COG: T PTS: DIF: Easy Introduction to Analysis of Variance What analysis of variance is and when it is appropriate to use Knowledge Factorial design is a simpler type of ANOVA in which there is only one treatment factor being explored ANS: REF: OBJ: COG: F PTS: DIF: Medium Different Flavors of ANOVA What analysis of variance is and when it is appropriate to use Comprehension All F-tests are nondirectional ANS: T PTS: REF: Computing the F-Test Statistic COG: Comprehension DIF: Medium OBJ: How to compute and interpret the F statistic SHORT ANSWER What is the sum of squares total? ANS: The sum of squares total is equal to the sum of the between-group and within-group sum of squares PTS: DIF: Medium REF: Computing the F-Test Statistic OBJ: How to compute and interpret the F statistic COG: Knowledge If the total sample size was 50, and there were three groups examined, what is the between-groups degrees of freedom? ANS: PTS: DIF: Medium REF: Computing the F-Test Statistic OBJ: How to compute and interpret the F statistic COG: Application If the total sample size was 50, and there were three groups examined, what is the within-groups degrees of freedom? ANS: 47 PTS: DIF: Medium REF: Computing the F-Test Statistic OBJ: How to compute and interpret the F statistic COG: Application What is the MSbetween value? ANS: The MSbetween value is the average of the between-groups sum of squares It is calculated by dividing the between-groups sum of squares by the between-groups degrees of freedom (k 1) PTS: DIF: Hard REF: Computing the F-Test Statistic OBJ: How to compute and interpret the F statistic COG: Comprehension What is the MSwithin value? ANS: The MSwithin value is the average of the within-groups sum of squares It is calculated by dividing the within-groups sum of squares by the within-groups degrees of freedom (N - k) PTS: DIF: Hard REF: Computing the F-Test Statistic OBJ: How to compute and interpret the F statistic COG: Comprehension What is the F value? ANS: The F value is test statistic needed to evaluate the hypothesis that there are overall differences between groups PTS: DIF: Medium REF: Computing the F-Test Statistic OBJ: How to compute and interpret the F statistic COG: Comprehension Why is this statistical technique called analysis of variance? ANS: The technique is called analysis of variance because the variance due to differences in performance or scores is separated into variance that is due to differences between individual scores within groups and variance due to differences between groups PTS: DIF: Hard REF: Introduction to Analysis of Variance OBJ: What analysis of variance is and when it is appropriate to use COG: Comprehension How is ANOVA similar to and different from a t-test? ANS: ANOVA is similar to a t-test in that the differences between means are examined ANOVA is different in that more than two means are examined PTS: DIF: Medium REF: Computing the F-Test Statistic OBJ: How to compute and interpret the F statistic COG: Analysis How would you interpret the equation: H0 : µ1 = µ2 = µ3? ANS: The above equation is a null hypothesis indicating that there is no overall difference between means for the three different groups PTS: DIF: Medium REF: Computing the F-Test Statistic OBJ: How to compute and interpret the F statistic COG: Comprehension 10 How would you interpret the equation: ? ANS: The above equation is a research hypothesis indicating that there is an overall difference between means in the three groups being tested The hypothesis is nondirectional because it does not posit where the differences are PTS: DIF: Medium REF: Computing the F-Test Statistic OBJ: How to compute and interpret the F statistic COG: Comprehension 11 What is an omnibus test? Provide an example of an omnibus test ANS: An omnibus test refers to a test that examines the overall differences between means ANOVA is an omnibus test PTS: DIF: Medium REF: Computing the F-Test Statistic OBJ: How to compute and interpret the F statistic COG: Comprehension 12 What is the F ratio? ANS: The F ratio is a ratio of the variability between groups to the variability within groups PTS: DIF: Medium REF: Computing the F-Test Statistic OBJ: How to compute and interpret the F statistic COG: Comprehension 13 What does the between-group sum of squares assess? What does the within-group sum of squares assess? ANS: Between-group sum of squares looks at how different each group’s mean is from the overall mean Within-group sum of squares looks at how different each score in the group is from the mean of that group PTS: DIF: Medium REF: Computing the F-Test Statistic OBJ: How to compute and interpret the F statistic COG: Analysis 14 Draw a table outlining the following example of a  factorial design: A researcher wants to study jumping rope (skips per minute) for fifth, sixth, and seventh graders who practice 15 minutes, 30 minutes, or 60 minutes daily ANS: The table might look like this: Fifth graders 15 minutes 30 minutes 60 minutes Sixth graders Seventh graders PTS: DIF: Medium REF: Different Flavors of ANOVA OBJ: What analysis of variance is and when it is appropriate to use COG: Comprehension 15 Why is it best not to perform multiple t-tests on the same data? ANS: When you perform multiple t-tests, you increase the Type I error rate to higher than an acceptable rate PTS: DIF: Medium REF: So How Do I Interpret F(2, 27) = 8.80, p < 05? OBJ: How to compute and interpret the F statistic COG: Comprehension ... What is an omnibus test? Provide an example of an omnibus test ANS: An omnibus test refers to a test that examines the overall differences between means ANOVA is an omnibus test PTS: DIF: Medium... statistic 10 The ANOVA is a(n) _ a Omnibus test b Correlational test c Regressional analysis d Factorial correlation ANS: A PTS: REF: Computing the F -Test Statistic COG: Knowledge DIF: Medium... 44 ANOVA first tests for an overall difference between the means This is known as what type of test? a Omnibus b Pluribus c Omnivorous d Omnibor ANS: A PTS: REF: Computing the F -Test Statistic