WORD FAMILIES

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WORD FAMILIES

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WORD FAMILIES Word families are words that look alike but have different endings ROOT WORD: nation ENDINGS: -al —ize? -ly -ity WORDS: national nationalize nationally nationality These endings (-al, -ize, -ly, -ity, -ful, -sion, etc.) change the original word to either a noun, verb, adjective, or adverb For example, the word care can be made into an adjective (careful) or an adverb (carefully) ASK YOURSELF THESE QUESTIONS:  Do you need a noun? If so, does the ending make the word a noun? Noun endings: -ance, -ancy, -ence, -ation, -dom, -ism, -ment, -ness, -ship, —or, —ion INCORRECT [I was sorry to hear about his ill.] CORRECT I was sorry to hear about his illness  Do you need an adjective? If so, does the ending make the word an adjective? Adjective endings: -able, -ible, -al, -ful, -ish, -ive INCORRECT [This is a wonder report!] CORRECT This is a wonderful report! Do you need an adverb? If so, does the ending make the word an adverb? Adverb endings: -ly, -ward, -wise INCORRECT [She entered the data very careful.] CORRECT She entered the data very carefully  Do you need a verb? If so, does the ending make the word a verb? Verb endings: -en, -ify, -ize INCORRECT [We are going to wide the parking lot.] CORRECT We are going to widen the parking lot We need to the language in this report; it is too complex (A) simplify (B) simple (C) simply (D) simplistic Verb endings: -en, -ify, -ize To simplify (v) to make sth easier to or understand: The application forms have now been simplified Simplistic (adj.) (disapproving) making a problem, situation, etc seem less difficult or complicated than it really is Simplistically (adverb) In my opinion, her leaving early was a very thing to (A) children (B) childish (C) childishly (D) child Adjective endings: -able, -ible, -al, -ful, -ish, -ive Interest (in sb/sth) (n) the feeling that you have when you want to know or learn more about sb/sth: Ex: to feel/have/show/express (an) interest in sth A doctor’s manner makes patients feel comfortable (A) friendship (B) friend (C) friendly (D) friendliness Friendship (with sb) | friendship (between A and B) a relationship between friends: a close / lasting / lifelong friendship [U] the feeling or relationship that friends have; the state of being friends: Your friendship is very important to me Manner [sing.] the way that sb behaves and speaks towards other people: Ex: to have an aggressive  / a friendly / a relaxed manner Manners [pl.] behaviour that is considered to be polite in a particular society or culture: Ex: to have good / bad manners It was very of the boss to buy us those nice gifts (A) thoughtless (B) thoughtful (C) thought (D) thoughtfully Adjective endings: -able, -ible, -al, -ful, -ish, -ive Thoughtless (adjective) (disapproving) not caring about the possible effects of your words or actions on other people SYN  Inconsiderate: a thoughtless remark thoughtlessly (adverb)  thoughtlessness (noun) Thoughtful (adj.) showing that you think about and care for other people SYN  Considerate, Kind: It was very thoughtful of you to send the flowers One of your duties will be some typing (A) light (B) lightened (C) lighten (D) lightness Light (adj.) To lighten (verb) [vn] to reduce the amount of work, debt, worry, etc that sb has SYN To lessen lightness (n) Light (adj) + en = Lighten (v) 10 She would like a raise, not just a few dollars (A) really (B) realist (C) real (D) reality Raise (n) an increase in the money you are paid for the work you do: I’m going to ask for a rise Realist (noun) a person who accepts and deals with a situation as it really is and does not try to pretend that it is different: I’m a realist—I know you can’t change people overnight a writer, painter, etc whose work represents things as they are in real life Reality (n) (pl -ies) 1[U] the true situation and the problems that actually exist in life, in contrast to how you would like life to be: She refuses to face reality Real (adj.) actually existing or happening and not imagined or pretended: It wasn’t a ghost; it was a real person THANK YOU! .. .Word families are words that look alike but have different endings ROOT WORD: nation ENDINGS: -al —ize? -ly -ity WORDS: national nationalize nationally... (-al, -ize, -ly, -ity, -ful, -sion, etc.) change the original word to either a noun, verb, adjective, or adverb For example, the word care can be made into an adjective (careful) or an adverb... (carefully) ASK YOURSELF THESE QUESTIONS:  Do you need a noun? If so, does the ending make the word a noun? Noun endings: -ance, -ancy, -ence, -ation, -dom, -ism, -ment, -ness, -ship, —or, —ion

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  • WORD FAMILIES

  • Word families are words that look alike but have different endings. ROOT WORD: nation ENDINGS: -al —ize? -ly -ity WORDS: national nationalize nationally nationality These endings (-al, -ize, -ly, -ity, -ful, -sion, etc.) change the original word to either a noun, verb, adjective, or adverb. For example, the word care can be made into an adjective (careful) or an adverb (carefully).

  • ASK YOURSELF THESE QUESTIONS:  Do you need a noun? If so, does the ending make the word a noun? Noun endings: -ance, -ancy, -ence, -ation, -dom, -ism, -ment, -ness, -ship, —or, —ion INCORRECT [I was sorry to hear about his ill.] CORRECT I was sorry to hear about his illness.  Do you need an adjective? If so, does the ending make the word an adjective? Adjective endings: -able, -ible, -al, -ful, -ish, -ive INCORRECT [This is a wonder report!] CORRECT This is a wonderful report!

  • Do you need an adverb? If so, does the ending make the word an adverb? Adverb endings: -ly, -ward, -wise INCORRECT [She entered the data very careful.] CORRECT She entered the data very carefully.  Do you need a verb? If so, does the ending make the word a verb? Verb endings: -en, -ify, -ize INCORRECT [We are going to wide the parking lot.] CORRECT We are going to widen the parking lot.

  • 1. We need to ...... the language in this report; it is too complex. (A) simplify (B) simple (C) simply (D) simplistic

  • Verb endings: -en, -ify, -ize

  • To simplify (v) to make sth easier to do or understand: The application forms have now been simplified.

  • Simplistic (adj.) (disapproving) making a problem, situation, etc. seem less difficult or complicated than it really is. Simplistically (adverb)

  • 2. In my opinion, her leaving early was a very ...... thing to do. (A) children (B) childish (C) childishly (D) child

  • Adjective endings: -able, -ible, -al, -ful, -ish, -ive

  • Childish (adjective) 1. connected with or typical of a child: childish handwriting 2. (disapproving) (of an adult) behaving in a stupid or silly way SYN  Immature: Don’t be so childish! OPP  Mature Childishly (adv.)

  • 3. We could call the TV stations and ..... the opening of our new store. (A) publicity (B) public (C) publicize (D) publisher

  • Slide 13

  • Opening (n) [C, usually sing.] a ceremony to celebrate the start of a public event or the first time a new building, road, etc. is used: Ex: the opening of the Olympic Games the official opening of the new hospital

  • Publicity (n) the attention that is given to sb/sth by newspapers, television, etc.: good / bad / adverse publicity

  • To publicize (BrE also publicise) to make sth known to the public; to advertise sth

  • Publisher (n) a person or company that prepares and prints books, magazines, newspapers or electronic products and makes them available to the public

  • 4. I like my work because I have the ..... to make my own decisions. (A) freed (B) freely (C) freedom (D) free

  • Noun endings: -ance, -ancy, -ence, -ation, -dom, -ism, -ment, -ness, -ship, —or, —ion

  • To free sb/sth / yourself (from sth) to move sb/sth that is caught or fixed on sth SYN  release free (adj.) freedom (n) freely (adv)

  • 5. Our company believes it is the best ..... to handle the account. (A) organizing (B) organization (C) organizational (D) organize

  • Slide 22

  • To handle = To deal with

  • To organize (BrE also organise) verb [vn] to arrange for sth to happen or to be provided: to organize a meeting / party / trip. Organization (n) Organizational (adj.)

  • 6. Most meetings are not as ..... as this one was. (A) interested (B) interestingly (C) interest (D) interesting

  • Slide 26

  • Interested (in sth/sb) | interested (in doing sth) | interested (to do sth) 1. giving your attention to sth because you enjoy finding out about it or doing it. 2. showing interest in sth and finding it exciting: Ex: I’m very interested in history.

  • Interesting (to do sth) | interesting (that … ) attracting your attention because it is special, exciting or unusual: Ex: an interesting question / point / example

  • Interested or interesting Ex: 1. I’m interested in the film (person) 2. The film is interesting ( thing)

  • Interest (in sb/sth) (n) the feeling that you have when you want to know or learn more about sb/sth: Ex: to feel/have/show/express (an) interest in sth

  • 7. A doctor’s ..... manner makes patients feel comfortable. (A) friendship (B) friend (C) friendly (D) friendliness

  • Friendship (with sb) | friendship (between A and B) 1. a relationship between friends: a close / lasting / lifelong friendship. 2. [U] the feeling or relationship that friends have; the state of being friends: Your friendship is very important to me.

  • Manner [sing.] the way that sb behaves and speaks towards other people: Ex: to have an aggressive  / a friendly / a relaxed manner Manners [pl.] behaviour that is considered to be polite in a particular society or culture: Ex: to have good / bad manners

  • 8. It was very ..... of the boss to buy us those nice gifts. (A) thoughtless (B) thoughtful (C) thought (D) thoughtfully

  • Slide 35

  • Thoughtless (adjective) (disapproving) not caring about the possible effects of your words or actions on other people SYN  Inconsiderate: a thoughtless remark. thoughtlessly (adverb) thoughtlessness (noun)

  • Thoughtful (adj.) showing that you think about and care for other people SYN  Considerate, Kind: It was very thoughtful of you to send the flowers.

  • 9. One of your duties will be some ..... typing. (A) light (B) lightened (C) lighten (D) lightness

  • Light (adj.) To lighten (verb) [vn] to reduce the amount of work, debt, worry, etc. that sb has SYN To lessen lightness (n) Light (adj) + en = Lighten (v)

  • 10. She would like a ..... raise, not just a few dollars. (A) really (B) realist (C) real (D) reality

  • Raise (n) an increase in the money you are paid for the work you do: I’m going to ask for a rise.

  • Realist (noun) 1. a person who accepts and deals with a situation as it really is and does not try to pretend that it is different: I’m a realist—I know you can’t change people overnight. 2. a writer, painter, etc. whose work represents things as they are in real life

  • Reality (n) (pl. -ies) 1[U] the true situation and the problems that actually exist in life, in contrast to how you would like life to be: She refuses to face reality Real (adj.) actually existing or happening and not imagined or pretended: It wasn’t a ghost; it was a real person.

  • THANK YOU!

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