¤N TËP TIÕNG ANH 9 «n tËp tiÕng anh 9 Häc kú ii( ¤N THI CHUYÓN CÊP) A- THEORY THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE 1-Formula a. Affirmative: I, you, we, they + have + PP He, she, it + has +PP Note: PP = past participle (quá khứ phân từ) ( =V-ed: V có quy tắc, =V3: V bất quy tắc) b. Negative: I, you, we, the + have not (haven’t) + PP He, she, it + has not ( hasn’t) + PP c. Interrogative: Have + I, you, we, they + P.P ? Has + he, she, it + P.P ? 2-Use a. Một hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ nhưng còn tiếp tục đến hiện tại hoặc tương lai. Thường đi với : since (từ khi); for (được bao lâu). Ex1: She has lived here since 1987 Ex2: They have swum for 1 hour b. Một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ, không xác định rõ thơi gian. Thường đi với: already, ever . ( before), never . (before), not, yet, several times, many times . Ex1: She’s been to Japan several times. Ex2: I have never worked in that company before. c. Một hành động vừa mới xảy ra. Thường đi với : lately, just, recently, in recent weeks/ months / years Ex1: My uncle has just come back form Americ Ex2: They have done the assignment in recent weeks. THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE 1-Formula a. Affirmative Subject + V-ed/ V2 ( V có quy tắc: V+ “ed”; V bất quy tắc; lấy cột thứ 2 trong bảng động từ bất quy tắc) b. Negative Subject + did not (didn’t) + bare-infinitive c. Interrogative. Did + subject + bare-infinitive ? Note: The simple past form of ‘to be’ * Affirmative: You, we, they + were ; Hoµng C«ng D¬ng - Trêng THCS Bång Lai - QuÕ Vâ - B¾c Ninh 1 ÔN TậP TIếNG ANH 9 I, he, she, it + was * Negative You, we, they + were not (werent ) I, he, she, it + was not (wasnt) * Interrogative Were + you, we, they ? Was + he, she, it . ? 2-Use a. Mt hnh ng ó hon tt ti mt thi im no ú trong quỏ kh. Thng i vi: yesterday, last . ( last week, last year ), . ago (3 days ago, ), in 1999, in 1987 Ex1: She was here yesterday. Ex2: They didnt learn Chinese 3 year ago. b. Mt thúi quen quỏ kh. Ex1: They often went fishing when they lived in the country. Ex2: Jack always got up at 3:00 am last year. c. Mt hnh ng ó hon tt trong mt khong thi gian xỏc nh trong quỏ kh ( from . to ) Ex: From 1981 to 1983, my older brother worked as a journalist PASSIVE VOICE 1-Gerund rule Active: S + V + O Passive: S +to be + PP +( by +O) Động từ chính của câu chủ động ở thì nào thì tobe phải chia ở thì đó (PP: Past participle) Note: - t t cõu ch ng thỡ (tense) hay th (form) no thỡ be cõu b ng thỡ hay th ú. - Khi ta khụng xem ngi thc hin hnh ng (does) l quan trng, thỡ by object cú th b i. ( eg. does=personal pronoun: he, she, they, we, people; no-one ) Example: a.The simple present She cleans the floor everyday. ( S + V / Vs / es . ) Passive: The floor is cleaned everyday. (S + am/is/are/ +PP .) b.The present continous. Hoàng Công Dơng - Trờng THCS Bồng Lai - Quế Võ - Bắc Ninh 2 ¤N TËP TIÕNG ANH 9 Mr.Baker is repairing the car Passive: the car is being repaired by Mr Baker. ( S + am/ is/ are + being + PP .) c.The present perfect Someone has stolen the bicycles ( S+ has/have + P.P .) Passive: The bicycles have been stolen ( S+ has/have + been + PP .) d.The simple past Where did they find the drugs ? ( S + V2/ V-ed) Passive: where were the drugs found ? ( S+ was/ were + PP .) e.The past continuous They were preparing luch when I came there yesterday (S+was/were + V-ing ) Passive: Luch was being prepared when I came there yesterday.( S+ was/ were + being + PP .) f. The past perfect She had written almost ten pages by 3:00 pm. ( S+ had + PP .) Passive: Almost ten pages had been written by 3:00 p.m (S+ had been + PP .) g. Will/ would, shall/ should, can/ could, may/might must, have to, be going to, used to, Active: S+ will/would, shall/ should . + bare-infinitive + object Passive: S + will/would, shall/shoul + be + past participle (+ by object). Ex: Police will destroy these drugs. Passive: the drugs will be destroyed by police. 2-Special cases a. Active: s1+ verb1( say/believe/think ) (that) +S2+verb2 . Passive: Cách 1: It + be + PP (verb1) + s2 + verb2 Cách 2: S2+ be+ PP (verb1) + to- infinitive (verb2) . Ex: People say that he is crazy. Passive: It said that he is crazy He is said to be crazy. b. Negatives Ex1: No-one has cleaned the floor lately. Passive: The floor hasn’ t been cleaned lately Ex2: We didn’t do anything about it. Passive: Nothing was done about it. c. Who + V + object ? Passive: - By whom . ? - Who by ? Hoµng C«ng D¬ng - Trêng THCS Bång Lai - QuÕ Vâ - B¾c Ninh 3 ¤N TËP TIÕNG ANH 9 Ex: Who wrote this novel ? Passive: - By whom was this novel written ? - Who was this novel written by ? d. It + be + adjective + to-infinitive + sth Passive: It + be + adjective + for sth + to be + PP Ex: It is important to finish this exercise. It is important for this exercise to be finished e. Bare-infinitive + object Passive: Let + object + be + PP S + be + allowed / advised/asked/ supposed/ + to infinitive Ex1: Please open the door Let the door be opened Ex2: Turn on the light You are supposed to turn on the light. f. Causative form ( thức mệnh lệnh) Active: - She + have + sb+ bare-infinitive + st - S + get + sb + to- infinitive + sth Passive: - S + have + sth + PP - S + get + sth + PP Ex1: She has had someone repaint the car She has had the car repainted Ex2: They got me to do the housework They got the housework done. RELATIVE CLAUSE Introduction ( giới thiệu). Mệnh đề quan hệ/ mệnh đề tính từ là mệnh đề phụ trong câu (không thể đứng riêng một mình). Nó bắt đầu bằng: a. relative pronouns (đại từ quan hệ) : WHO, WHOM, WHICH, WHOSE, THAT. b relative adverbs (trạng từ liên hệ) : WHERE, WHEN, WHY. Ex1: A man who dares to do it dares to do anything. Ex2: We talked to the man who was from Beijing. Hoµng C«ng D¬ng - Trêng THCS Bång Lai - QuÕ Vâ - B¾c Ninh 4 ¤N TËP TIÕNG ANH 9 1-WHO * Thay cho danh từ, đại từ chỉ người, có chức năng của một chủ từ. * Lưu ý “Who” trong cấu trúc: Noun/ pronoun (person) + who + verb . Ex1: The man has met your boss.He come from Italy. subject → The man who comes from Italy has met your boss relative clause Ex2: We have met the girl. She studies in the shool. → We have met the girl who studies in the school. relative clause 2-WHOM * Thay cho danh từ/ đại từ chỉ người, có chức năng của một đối từ. * Lưu ý: “Whom” trong cấu trúc. Noun / pronoun + whom + subject + verb Ex1: We like the man. You talked to him yesterday. object We like the man whom you talked to yesterday relative clause Ex2: Is that the man ?. You have been waiting for him. object Is that the man whom you have been waiting for ? relative clause 3-WHOSE * Thay thế cho sở hữu cách (possessive cases) * Xuất hiện trong hai cấu trúc. - noun/ pronoun + whose + noun + verb - . noun/ pronoun whose + noun + subject + verb Ex1: The girl looks disappoited. Her examination result its so bad. The girl whose examination result is so bad looks disappointed. Ex2: That is the girl. I took her hat by mistake yesterday. That is the girl whose hat I took by mistake yesterday. 4-WHICH * Thay thể cho danh từ, địa từ chỉ vật * Có thể làm chủ từ hoặc đối từ * Lưu ý các cấu trúc. - noun / pronoun + which + verb - noun/ pronoun + which + subject + verb . Ex1: She show me the table. It was made by her father. She shows me the table which was made by her father. Ex2: Do you like this car ? Mr. Tan bought it last month. Hoµng C«ng D¬ng - Trêng THCS Bång Lai - QuÕ Vâ - B¾c Ninh 5 ¤N TËP TIÕNG ANH 9 Do you like this car, which Mr.Tan bought last month ? Note: “Which” có thể được sử dụng để thay thế cho một mệnh đề đứng trước nó (= and this/ and that) Ex: Tom is so lazy, and this makes Mrs. Green worried. Tom is so lazy, which makes Mrs. Green worried. 5-WHERE * Thay cho trạng từ, cụm trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn (place) (eg.here, there, in that place ) * Thường xuất hiện trong cấu trúc: noun/ pronoun ( = a place) + where + subject + verb Ex: We visit the hospital. We were born there/in that hospital We visit the hospital where we were born. 6-WHEN * Thay cho trạng từ, cum từ chỉ thời gian (time) (on that day, in the year .) * Thường xuất hiện trong cấu trúc : noun / pronoun (= time ) + when + subject + verb Ex: She will never forget the day. She first met him on that day She will never forget the day when she first met him CONDITIONAL SENTENCES 1-Điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai (ĐKI) ( possible condition at present or in future ) If clause : simple present Main clause : will/shall/can/may + bare-infinitive Ex1: If it rain, we won’t go for a picnic Ex2: Our natural resources will disappear if we do not conserve them Notes: - Ta có thể sử dụng mệnh lệnh ở mệnh đề chính. Ex: If you drink, don’t drive - Ta có thể sử dụng “should” ở mệnh đề điều kiện để tỏ ý nghi ngờ. Ex: If he should call, tell him I will ring back. - Dạng rút gọn ở mệnh đề điều kiện (if possible, if necessary, if so ) Ex: If necessary, I will help you. -Ta có thể sử dụng dạng mệnh lệnh để thay cho mệnh đề chỉ điều kiện. Trong trường hợp này, giữa hai mệnh đề thường có các liên từ như sau: and, or, else, otherwise. 2-Điều kiện không xảy ra ở hiện tại (ĐK II) (present unreal condition ) Main clause: would/could/might + bare-infinitive If clause: simple present Ex1: If she had wings, she would fly to an island Ex2: He would build more houses if he were a king. Hoµng C«ng D¬ng - Trêng THCS Bång Lai - QuÕ Vâ - B¾c Ninh 6 ¤N TËP TIÕNG ANH 9 Note: - ‘If I were you/I were in your position .’được sử dụng để khuyên nhủ. Ex: If I were you, I would accept the invitation ( = You should accept the invitation ). - “Were to + bare –infinitive” có thể được sử dụng để thay thế động từ ở “simple past” trong mệnh đề chỉ điều kiện Ex: If I were to ask him nicely, he would help us. GERUND The gerund is used as a subject, a complement, an object of a verb or an object of a preposition ( danh động từ được sử dụng như một chủ động, bổ túc từ, túc từ của một động từ, hay túc từ của một giới từ) . Ex1: Seeing is believing ( S= gerund) Ex2: Her hobby is listening to music ( complement = gerund) Ex3: They have finished doing exercises ( object = gerund) Ex4: We are font of playing football (Object of an preposition = gerund) Note: Danh động từ theo sau các động từ: to enjoy, to mind, to avoid, to finish, to practise, to suggest, to postpone, to delay, to imagine, can’t help/stand . Lưu ý cách sử dụng của các động từ : • Forget + to-infinitive : quên (sẽ/ phải) làm gì Forget + ing : quên đã làm việc gì. Ex1: She forgets being taken to the zoo by her father when she was six Ex2: Don’t forget to shut the door before leaving. • Remember + to-infinitive : nhớ ( sẽ/ phải) làm gì; Remember + V-ing : nhớ đã làm gì Ex1: They always remember going to cinema together. Ex2: They remember to have a test on Wendnesday. • Stop + to-infinitive : dừng ( một việc) lại để làm gì; Stop + V- ing : dừng làm một việc gì. Ex1: This moring , I saw Mr.Pike in the street, so I stopped to greet him Ex2: The teacher asked us to stop talking • Need + to- infinitive: cần làm gì ( active); Need + V-ing: cần được ( passive) Ex1: We need to repair the car. Ex2: The car needs repairing. - Lưu ý cấu trúc: a. S + spend + time + V-ing = It + take + s.b + time + to-inf b. To-inf/ V-ing + be + adj/ noun = It + be + adj/ noun + to-inf = S + V+ it + adj / noun + to-inf CLAUSE OF REASON +Mệnh đề chỉ lý do là mệnh đề phụ bắt đầu bằng các liên từ chỉ lý do như BECAUSE, AS, SINCE. Ba chữ này đều có nghĩa vì, bởi vì nhưng cách dùng khác nhau. Ví dụ: a) Because - Because he was sleepy, he went to bed. – He went to bed because he was sleepy. Hoµng C«ng D¬ng - Trêng THCS Bång Lai - QuÕ Vâ - B¾c Ninh 7 ¤N TËP TIÕNG ANH 9 Anh ấy đi ngủ vì anh ấy buồn ngủ. Mệnh đề phụ có chữ because có thể đứng trước hoặc sau mệnh đề chính. Tuy nhiên phải chú ý nếu mệnh đề phụ đi trước phải có dấu phảy (,) ngăn cách nó với mênh đề chính b) As - As she was free , she came to see me. Vì cô ấy rảnh rỗi, cô ấy đến thăm tôi. c) Since - Since he doesn’t like music, he never goes to the concert Vì anh ấy không thích nhạc, anh ấy không bao giờ đi xem hoà nhạc. Mệnh đề since và as luôn đứng trước mệnh đề chính. +Ngoài ra, đồng nghĩa với Because, As và Since còn có Now that, So/ As Long As và Inasmuch As. Ví dụ: a) Now that = Because now - Now that Peggy has a car , she can drive to school. Vì giờ đây Peggy có xe rồi, cô ấy có thể lái xe đi học. → Now that được dùng cho tình huống hiện tại và tương lai ( present and future situations). Mệnh đề phụ Now that luôn đứng trước mệnh đề chính. b) So/ As Long As - As long as ( So long as) you’re not busy. Can you help me ? Vì bạn không bận rộn, bạn có thể giúp tôi ? c) Inasmuch as Thường được dùng trong văn viết trịnh trọng (formal writing ). - Inasmuch as the two governments could not reach an agreement, the possiblities for peace is still remote. Vì hai chính phủ không thể đi đến một sự nhất trí, khả năng hoà bình vẫn còn xa. +Ngoài các liên từ phụ thuộc ( Subordinating Conjuctions) như Because, Since, As, Now that, As long as, Inasmuch as . chúng ta còn một liên từ kết hợp ( Co-ordinating conjuctions) FOR chỉ lý do. * Liên từ kết hợp là liên từ nối hai mệnh đề độc lập (independent clauses) và không dùng ở đầu câu. Ví dụ: - I phoned her, for I wanted to tell her about her exam. Tôi gọi điện cho cô ấy vì tôi muốn nói với cô ấy về kỳ thi của cô ấy. +Mệnh đề chỉ lý do còn có thể đổi ra cụm từ chỉ lý do ( phrases of reason) với because of hoặc due to. Ví dụ: - Because the weather was cold, we stayed home. → Because of the cold weather, we stayed home. → Due to the cold weather, we stayed home. Vì thời tiết lạnh, chúng tôi ở nhà. Because và Because of Because và Because of đều có nghĩa là bởi vì nhưng chúng được dùng với cẩu trúc khác nhau. Hoµng C«ng D¬ng - Trêng THCS Bång Lai - QuÕ Vâ - B¾c Ninh 8 ¤N TËP TIÕNG ANH 9 a ) Because là một liên từ (Conjunction), theo sau nó là một mệnh đề (Clause). Ví dụ: - Because the traffic was heavy, we were late for the meeting. S V Vì xe cộ đông đúc, chúng tôi đến buổi họp trễ. b) Because of là nhóm giới từ ( Prepositional phrase), theo sau nó là một cụm danh từ ( noun phrase) Ví dụ: - Because of the heavy traffic, we were late for the meeting. B-PRACTICE Conditional Sentences VIẾT LẠI CÂU 1. You got into so much trouble because you didn’t listen to me. → If____________________________________________________________ 2. There are so many bugs in the room because there isn’t a screen on the window. → If____________________________________________________________ 3. He is busy right now. So, he can’t help them. → If____________________________________________________________ 4. I can’t make all of my own meals because I am not good at cooking. → If____________________________________________________________ 5. I’m not you, so I can’t tell him the truth. → If I__________________________________________________________ 6. She came, so he wasn’t disappointed. → If____________________________________________________________ 7. He is not a good student. He didn’t study for the test yesterday. → If____________________________________________________________ 8. I didn’t eat breakfast several hours ago, so I am hungry now. → If____________________________________________________________ 9. Mai is sick because she didn’t follow the doctor’s orders. → If____________________________________________________________ 10. He is tired this morning because he didn’t go to bed early last night. → If____________________________________________________________ 11. They don’t behave themselves so their parents are not happy about that. → If____________________________________________________________ 12. She didn’t say sorry so he was angry. → If____________________________________________________________ 13. I am not a rich businessman and I can’t afford to buy an expensive car. → If____________________________________________________________ 14.It rained last night so I didn’t go to the barbecue. → If____________________________________________________________ 15. My parents do not allow me to go, so I have to stay at home. → If____________________________________________________________ 16. She doesn’t pay attention to her cooking so the food is horrible. → If____________________________________________________________ 17. The weather was very nice so we didn’t go camping. → If____________________________________________________________ 18. The computer broke down and I had to stop my work. → If____________________________________________________________ 19. She loves him so she forgives him easily. → If____________________________________________________________ Hoµng C«ng D¬ng - Trêng THCS Bång Lai - QuÕ Vâ - B¾c Ninh 9 ¤N TËP TIÕNG ANH 9 20. He was angry so I didn’t say anything. → If____________________________________________________________ II) TRẮC NGHIỆM 21. If I ……….a lot of money now, I ………… a new car. a. have /will buy b. have / would buy c. had/ will buy d. had/ would buy. 22. If I ……………you, I …………….do that. a. am/ will b. were /would c. were/ will d. had been/ would. 23. If I were offered the job, I think I ………. it. a. take b. will take c. would take d. would have taken. 24. I would be very surprised if he…………… a. refuses b. refused c. had refused d. would refuse. 25. Many people would be out of work if that factory……… down. a. closes b. had closed c. closed d. would close. 26. 6. If she sold her car, she ………… much money. a. gets b. would get c. will get d. would have got. 27. They would be disappointed if we……………. a. hadn’t come b. wouldn’t come c. don’t come d. didn’t come. 28. Would John be angry if I ……. ……his bicycle without asking? a. take b. took c. had taken d. would take. 29. She ……….terrible upset if I lost this ring. a. will be b. would be c. were d. had been. 30. If someone…………in here with a gun, I would be very frightened. a. would walk b. walks c. had walked d. walked. 31. What would happen if you …………… to work tomorrow? a. don’t go b. didn’t go c. won’t go d. wouldn’t go. 32. We ‘ll get wet if we ………….out. a. go b. did go c. went d. had gone. 33. If I go shopping, I ………some food. a. buy b. will buy c. would buy d. would have bought. 34. If I find it, I ………you. a. will tell b. would tell c. had told d. told. 35. What would you do if you……………a million dollars? a. would win b. win c. had won d. won. 36. They ‘d be hurt if I ………………. a. don’t go b. didn’t go c. hadn’t gone d. wouldn’t go. 37. If we took the 6: 30 train, we…………too early. a. would have arrived b. arrived c. will arrived d. would arrive. 38. If I had known you were in hospital, I …………to see you. a. will go b. would go c. went d. would have gone. 39. If I …………., I would have said hello. a. had seen b. see c. saw d. would see. Hoµng C«ng D¬ng - Trêng THCS Bång Lai - QuÕ Vâ - B¾c Ninh 10 [...]... expect everyone who works here to be a Christian too A since B then C and D but 7 The the disaster was engine failure, not human error A reason by B reason on C reason why D reason for 8 We have to start early we won’t be late A so that B that C because D because of 9 She came in quietly not to wake the baby A as if B so as C such as D if so 10 He was offered the job his qualifications were... The first person is Mr Smith We must see him He is a famous doctor inmy neighbour You have just met his daughter last night Tet is a big occasion The members of family gather on this occasion New York is a famous city Everybody want to live in this city The country is very peaceful and fresh The old people enjoy living there Trinh Cong Son composed songs They are greatly liked by millions of Vietnamese... thank you for your generous donation A According B On behalf C Together D In addition 3 _he wasn’t feeling very well, Mr Graham went to visit his aunt as usual A Although B However C Therefore D Still 4. he had no money for a bus, he had to walk all the way home A For B Thus C So D As 5 _to an accident in the High Street, traffic is moving very slowly on the London Road A Through B Owing C Because... _ 105 People speak English all over the world → _ 106 Tom was writing 2 poems → _ 107 She often takes her dog for a walk → _ 108 How many lessons are you going to learn next month? → _ 109 She didn’t introduce me to her mother → _ 110 Someone had... go b went c would have gone d would go 41 If I ……… a camera, I would have taken some pictures a have b had c would have d had had 42 You won’t pass the examination……………you study more a as long as b unless c if d whether 43 If only I …………you wanted to invest money in business a had known b knew c have known d know 44 If I were to leave my country , I ……………disappointed a probably be b would have been... operated Tom since 10 o’clock → _ 100 This is the second time they have written to us about this → _ 101 Mr Smith has taught us French for 2 years → _ 102 They didn’t look after the children properly → _ 103 Nobody swept this street last week → _ 104 People drink... từ, cụm từ dùng để nối 2 từ, 2 cụm từ hay 2 mệnh đề trong câu hoặc 2 câu với nhau Có 2 loại liên từ: Liên từ kết hợp (Coordinating conjunctions) và liên từ phụ thuộc (Subordinating conjunctions) 1 Liên từ kết hợp gồm có: and (và), but (nhưng), both and (vừa vừa, cả lẫn ), or (hoặc), either or (hoặc hoặc), neither nor (khơng cũng khơng ), not only but also (khơng những mà còn ) Các liên từ này nối... because of rain 8 Reason why và reason for: (lý do) - Sau reason why là một mệnh đề: Ví dụ: The reason why grass is green was a mystery to the little boy (Lý do tại sao cỏ màu xanh là một điều bí ẩn đối với cậu bé) - Sau reason for là danh từ: Ví dụ: The reason for the disaster was engine failure, not human error (Lý do của thảm họa đó là lỗi của động cơ, khơng phải là sai lầm của con người) 9 So that... These people eat puffer fish, a very poisonous species She ‘ll tell you the story That story will surprise you The Nile is the home of a great variety of fish The Nile is in Egypt Yesterday, I visited Tri Nguyen aquarium It has various species of fish The movie Harry Potter is coming soon I’m longing to see it Then he was caught in the mouth of a while shark.It is one of the most dangerous sea creatures... _ 229 He won’t tell me the truth about the situation → _ 230 They can see the valley from the top of this hill → _ 231 All the students choose him the monitor → _ 232 You must wash your hands → _ 233 My favorite football team hasn’t won many matches so far this season → . trong cấu trúc: Noun/ pronoun (person) + who + verb . Ex1: The man has met your boss.He come from Italy. subject → The man who comes from Italy. Subordinating Conjuctions) như Because, Since, As, Now that, As long as, Inasmuch as . chúng ta còn một liên từ kết hợp ( Co-ordinating conjuctions) FOR chỉ