Grammar: GERUNDS & INFINITIVES A). VERBS + GERUND and VERBS + INFINITIVE : M ột động từ theo sau 1 động từ khác có thể là GERUND ( Verb-ing = Danh động từ) hoặc INFINITIVE ( nguyên mẫu -to V) tùy theo loại động từ đứng trước nó: - I always enjoy reading books in my free time.( Enjoy + Gerund ) - I want to read as many books as possible.( Want + Infinitive ) Verbs + Gerund Admit (thừa nhận,công nhận), avoid ( tránh,né), delay( trì hoãn), deny( chối), detest, dislike( không thích,không ưa), consider( xem xét,cứu xét),enjoy( thưởng thức, hưởng), finish( hoàn tất,làm xong), give up (=quit: từ bỏ, thôi), imagine( tưởng tượng), keep( giữ), not mind ( không phiền), postpone ( hoãn lại, đình lại), practise ( thực hành), quit( bỏ, từ bỏ), suggest( đề nghò), can’t help( không thể ngăn cản), can’t stand (không thể chòu đựng được), put off ( hoãn lại), ….etc. Verbs + Infinitive Agree ( đồng ý,nhất trí), afford, appear ( xuất hiện), arrange( sắp xếp,thu xếp), attempt( cố gắng), ask ( đòi hỏi,yêu cầu), choose ( chọn, lựa), decide ( quyết đònh), demand ( ra lệnh), expect ( mong,trông ngóng), fail ( hỏng,không thành công,(thi) rớt), happen (xảy ra) , hope ( hy vọng), learn ( hay tin), manage ( xoay sở, tự lo được), offer ( dâng ,tặng), plan ( kế hoạch, dự tính), pretend ( giả vờ), promise (hứa hẹn), refuse ( từ chối), seem ( có vẻ như, dường như), threaten ( đe dọa), want, wish ( ao ước), would like ( muốn),…etc. -I always avoid making noise in class. - I decide to study engineering at University. -Have you finished writing the report ? - She’s expecting to get a reply from the company. -Anne practised playing the piano at an early age. - Do you agree to join us for the holyday ? - I don’t mind doing a lot of homework. - We can’t afford to build a new house. - He can’t stand working ten hours a day. - Can you manage to get some tickets for the pop concert on Saturday ? - When did you give up smoking, Bill ? - Bob refused to lend me his car. B). VERBS + GERUND or INFINITIVE : VERBS + GERUND or INFINITIVE ( Ýùnghóa không khác nhau ) VERBS + GERUND or INFINITIVE ( Cho ý nghóa khác nhau ) Start ( bắt đầu, khởi động), begin ( bắt đầu), continue ( tiếp tục),intend ( tính, dự đònh), like, love, hate ( ghét), prefer (thích hơn,ưa hơn). Stop, try ( thử, cố gắng) , forget (quên), remember ( nhớ), need ( cần), go on ( tiếp tục), regret. Ex : - When did you start learning English ? or - When did you start to learn English ? - It began raining heavily. or - It began to rain heavily. - Does Pam continue writing to you ? or - Does Pam continue to write to you ? - He intended making a film for children. or - He intended to make a film for children. - He stopped smoking three years ago. ( He doesn’t smoke any more now.) - He stopped to smoke a cigarette. ( He stopped working in order to smoke ). - You should try to study harder. ( try = cố gắng ) - You should try taking these tablets, ( try = thử ) - You need to practise English every day.( = You have to practise English every day). - Your shirt needs washing .It smells. ( = Your shirt needs to be washed ). C). VERB+PREPOSITIONS + GERUND : Động từ theo sau giới từ thường dùng ở dạng Gerund. Ex : - I’m interested in listening to music on the radio. - He’s bored with staying at home day after day. - Some people are afraid of driving in rush hours. - Many overweight people try to lose weight by going on a diet. - Don’t forget to turn off the gas before going out. D) ADJECTIVE + TO infinitive: Ex: - I’m afraid to drive alone at night. - Were you disappointed not to win the race ? - The actress seems eager to go on stage. - The parents are proud to have a healthy child. - Citizens ought to feel lucky to be able to vote.- He was not at all surprised to hear the news. - I’m looking for someone qualified to type a thesis. - E) ADJECTIVE + PREPOSITION + GERUND: Các tính từ đi kèm giới từ được theo sau bởi Gerund. Ex : - Police soon get accustomed to arresting criminals. - Are you capable of completing the work within an hour ? - Eli Whitney is famous for inventing the cotton gin. - The driver was intent on passing the other car. - The treasurer is responsible for keeping the books. ***** o0o ***** Approve of ( chấp thuận, tán đồng), argue about ( tranh cãi về…), complain about ( than phiền, phàn nàn về…), concentrate on ( tập trung vào…), depend on ( tùy thuộc vào…), decide on ( quyết đònh về…), feel like ( cảm thấy thích, thiên về…), forget about ( quên về…). Look forward to ( trông mong, ngóng…), insist on ( nài nỉ…), keep on ( cứ tiếp tục…), object to ( phản đối về…), plan on ( dự tính về…), rely on ( tin vào, dựa vào…), succeed in ( thành công trong việc…), think about ( nghó về…), worry about ( lo nghó về…, lo lắng về…). Approve of ( chấp thuận, tán đồng), argue about ( tranh cãi về…), complain about ( than phiền, phàn nàn về…), concentrate on ( tập trung vào…), depend on ( tùy thuộc vào…), decide on ( quyết đònh về…), feel like ( cảm thấy thích, thiên về…), forget about ( quên về…). Look forward to ( trông mong, ngóng…), insist on ( nài nỉ…), keep on ( cứ tiếp tục…), object to ( phản đối về…), plan on ( dự tính về…), rely on ( tin vào, dựa vào…), succeed in ( thành công trong việc…), think about ( nghó về…), worry about ( lo nghó về…, lo lắng về…). Approve of ( chấp thuận, tán đồng), argue about ( tranh cãi về…), complain about ( than phiền, phàn nàn về…), concentrate on ( tập trung vào…), depend on ( tùy thuộc vào…), decide on ( quyết đònh về…), feel like ( cảm thấy thích, thiên về…), forget about ( quên về…). Look forward to ( trông mong, ngóng…), insist on ( nài nỉ…), keep on ( cứ tiếp tục…), object to ( phản đối về…), plan on ( dự tính về…), rely on ( tin vào, dựa vào…), succeed in ( thành công trong việc…), think about ( nghó về…), worry about ( lo nghó về…, lo lắng về…). Afraid ( sợ, e sợ ), ashamed ( xấu hổ ), considerate ( tế nhò ), disappointed ( thất vọng ), eager ( hăm hở), foolish ( điên rồ), fortunate ( may mắn, hên ), happy ( sung sướng ), lucky ( may mắn ), pleased ( hài lòng), proud ( hãnh diện), qualified ( có đủ tư cách ), ready ( sẵn sàng), sorry ( ân hận) surprised ( ngạc nhiên). Accustomed to ( quen với…), afraid of ( lo sợ, e sợ về…), ashamed of ( xấu hổ về…), capable of ( có khả năng, có thể… ) bored with ( chán với…), disappointed in / with ( thất vọng về…), fond of ( thích về…), hopeful of ( hy vọng về…), intent on ( đeo đuổi, chăm chú về…), interested in ( quan tâm về…), opposed to ( chống đối với…),proud of ( hãnh diện về…), responsible for ( có trách nhiệm về…), sorry about ( ân hận về…), successful in ( thành công trong…), surprised at ( ngạc nhiên về…), tired from ( mệt nhọc vì…), tired of ( chán với…), worried about ( lo lắng về….).used to ( quen với…). EXERCISES : A). Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form : GERUND or INFINITIVE .( In some sentences, both forms are correct ). 1. I’m not in a hurry. I don’t mind……………………………………………….( wait ) for you. 2. I’ll lend you the book when I’ve finished……………………………………… ( read ) it. 3. How old were you when you learnt …………………………………………….( drive ). 4. My father gave up …………………………………………….( smoke ) three years ago. 5. Would you mind ……………………………………… ( keep ) silent ? I’m trying ………………………………………………( study ). 6. I always try to avoid………………………………………( borrow ) money from my friends. 7. The traffic was very heavy this morning, but I managed ……………………………… ( get ) to school on time. 8. Could you please stop ……………………………………….( make ) so much noise ? 9. I hope ……………………………………… ( run ) in the marathon next month. 10. Look ! It’s started …………………………………….( rain ) again. 11. It was too late, so we decided………………………………….( take ) a taxi home. 12. My sister always enjoys …………………………………( listen ) to classical music. 13. I’ve put off …………………………………( write ) the letter so many times. I really must do it today. 14. Sarah gave up ………………………( try ) to find a job in this country and decided………………( go ) abroad. 15. You can’t stop me ……………………… ( do ) what I want. 16. They don’t have much money. They can’t afford……………………………………( go ) out very often. 17. I’m still looking for a job but I hope…………………………… ( find ) something soon. 18. My mother can’t stand……………………………………( stay ) at home without doing anything. 19. How long have you been able……………………………………………(swim), John ? 20. You must promise…………………………………………….( not / be ) late again. 21. When I saw her in that funny hat, I couldn’t help……………………………………( laugh). 22. They refused……………………………………………… ( lend ) him the money although he needed it badly. 23. Please, don’t forget………………………………………………( post ) the letter for me today ! It’s urgent. 24. Some people strongly dislike……………………………………….( hear ) foul language. 25. If you want……………………………( improve ) English , you should practise……………………………( speak ) it more often. B). Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 1. Jane enjoyed……………………………… ( work ) for Brinkman. 2. However, she did not plan…………………………………( be ) a secretary all her life. 3. She didn’t mind……………………………… ( be ) a secretary for a few years. 4. But she couldn’t imagine…………………………… ( do ) the same job for years and years. 5. She hoped ……………………………………….( become ) a lawyer herself. 6. The only thing that prevented her from………………………………….( study ) law was a lack of time and money. 7. She often remembered …………………………… ( talk ) to her father before he became ill. 8. She couldn’t help………………………………………( think ) about him as she worked. 9. ‘I must remember…………………………………….( phone ) the hospital ,‘she thought. 10. He had always urged her ……………………………………………….( think ) of her future. 11. he used………………………… ( talk ) about the value of a good education when she was younger. 12. ‘ Men will have to get used to ………………………………… ( think ) of women as equals, and not just as housewives or pretty faces,’ he often said. 13. You must remember …………………………………( buy ) some sugar. We haven’t got any now. 14. Did you remember…………………………………… ( post ) the letter for me this morning ? 15. Don’t forget……………………………………………… ( wake ) me up before six o’clock tomorrow. C/. Complete each sentence with one of these verbs: Answer apply be listen make see try use wash work write 1. He tried to avoid …………………………………… my question. 2. Could you please stop……………………………… so much noise ? 3. I enjoy………………………………………to music. 4. I considered……………………………for the job but in the end I decided against it. 5. Have you finished………………………………your hair yet ? 6. If you walk into the road without looking, you risk ……………………………. knocked down. 7. Jim is 65 but he isn’t going to retire yet. He wants to carry on…………………………………. 8. I don’t mind you…………………………the phone as long as you pay for all your calls. 9. Hello ! Fancy………………………….you here ! What a surprise ! 10. I’ve put off………………………… the letter so many times. I really must do it today. 11. What a stupid thing to do ! Can you imagine anybody……………………… so stupid ? 12. Sarah gave up………………………………to find a job in this country and decided to go abroad. D/. Put the verb into the correct form, - ing or to……….Sometimes either form is possible. 1. They denied…………………………… the money. ( steal ) 2. I don’t enjoy…………………………….very much. ( drive ) 3. I don’t want……………………………….out tonight. I’m too tired . ( go ) 4. I can’t afford………………………………out tonight. I haven’t got enough money. ( go ) 5. Has it stopped………………………… yet ? ( rain ) 6. Can you remind me………………………… some coffee when we go out ? ( buy ) 7. Why do you keep………………………… me questions ? Can’t you leave me alone ? ( ask ) 8. Please stop…………………………….me questions! ( ask ) 9. I refuse……………………………any more questions. ( answer ) 10. One of the boys admitted…………………………the window. ( break ) 11. The boy’s father promised…………………………for the window to be repaired. ( pay ) 12. Ann was having dinner when the phone rang. She didn’t answer the phone, she just carried on ……(eat) 13. “ How did the thief ger into the house ? “ “ I forgot……………… the window. ( shut ) 14. I’ve enjoyed………………………… you.( meet ).I hope ……………………you again soon.( see ) 15. The baby began……………………in the middle of the night. ( cry ) 16. Julia has been ill but now she’s beginning…………………………… better. . Grammar: GERUNDS & INFINITIVES A). VERBS + GERUND and VERBS + INFINITIVE : M ột động từ theo sau 1 động từ khác. his car. B). VERBS + GERUND or INFINITIVE : VERBS + GERUND or INFINITIVE ( Ýùnghóa không khác nhau ) VERBS + GERUND or INFINITIVE ( Cho ý nghóa khác nhau