Welcome to our class Welcome to our class What are you doing when I rang What are you doing when I rang you last night? you last night? I I was having was having a bath a bath when when you you rang rang me last night. me last night. Conjunctions: Conjunctions: - When When - Once - Once - While While - As - As - After After - etc. - etc. - Before Before - Since Since - Whenever Whenever - As soon as As soon as - Till / Until Till / Until - By the time By the time Adverbial clauses Adverbial clauses of time of time AFTER AFTER  Future tense is not used in this adverb Future tense is not used in this adverb clause. clause. Ex 1: Ex 1: After she graduates, After she graduates, she will get a she will get a job. job. Ex 2: Ex 2: I will leave I will leave before he comes before he comes . . WHEN WHEN  When I arrived, he was talking on the When I arrived, he was talking on the phone. phone.  When I see him tomorrow, I will ask When I see him tomorrow, I will ask him. him. WHILE, AS WHILE, AS During that time. During that time. * Adverb clause is in * Adverb clause is in past progressive past progressive . . While I While I was walking was walking home home , it began to , it began to rain. rain. As I As I was walking was walking home home , it began to rain. , it began to rain. By the time By the time  By the time he arrived, we had By the time he arrived, we had already left. already left.  By the time he comes, we will have By the time he comes, we will have already left. already left. Since Since  From that time to the present From that time to the present • The present perfect is used in The present perfect is used in the the main clause. main clause. • I haven’t seen him I haven’t seen him since he left since he left this morning. this morning. • I’ve known her I’ve known her ever since I was ever since I was a child. a child. Until Until  We stayed there until we finished We stayed there until we finished our lesson. our lesson.  We stayed there till we finished our We stayed there till we finished our lesson. lesson.