CHUN ÂÃƯ NGỈỴ PHẠP LESSON 1: TENSES IN ENGLISH ( Cạc thç trong tiãúng Anh) TENSES IN ENGLISH (cạc thç trong tiãúng Anh) PHÁƯN A: L THUÚT Tenses Form Trảng tỉì thỉåìng gàûp Cach dng & vê dủ 1.The S. present (Thç Hiãûn tải âån) S + bare-V/V-s/V-es S+do/does+ NOT+ bare-V Do/Does+ S+ bare-V ? - always, ofen, usually,freque ntyly sometimes=o ccasionally, rarely=seldom , once or tiwce a week, never *1 thọi quen hiãûn tải- - ex: He usually (go) goes t o school in the morning * 1 sỉû tháût hiãøn nhiãn hay 1 chán l- - ex: The sun (rise) rises in the East. 2. The Present Continuous (Thç HT tiãúp diãùn) S+ am/is/ are+ V-ing S + am/is/are+ NOT+ V-ing Am/is/are+ S+ V-ing? at the moment, at the time,Verb! (look!, listen!, be quiet) at present = now * 1 sỉû viãûc âang tiãúp diãùn åí hiãûn tải - It (rain) is raining now. - Lan (eat) is eating at preent - Listen! She (sing) is singing 3. The Present Perfect (Thç HT hon thnh) S + have/has + V3/Ved S + have/has +NOT+ V3/V-ed Have/Has + S + V3/V- ed? for + khong tgian since + âiãøm tgian never, ever, just = recently = lately, so far = up to now = up to the present= until now,already, * 1 sỉû viãûc xy ra trong QK khäng cọ thåìi gian xạc âënh r. ex: She (vêsit) has visited Ha Long Bay several times. * 1 sỉû viãûc xy ra åí QK cn tiãúp diãùn åí hiãûn tải, dng “for” hồûc “since” - We (learn) have learnt English for 7 years. - My mother (be) has been sick sinse yesterday * 1 sỉû viãûc vỉìa måïi xy ea, dng “just” hồûc “recently” CHUN ÂÃƯ NGỈỴ PHẠP yet,this is the first time , several times. - Lan (just buy) has just bought a new shirt. 4. The Present perfect continuous (Thç hiãûn tải hon thnh tiãúp diãùn) S + have/has + been + V-ing S+have/has+NOT+be en+V-ing Have/Has + S + been + V-ing? for + khong tgian since + âiãøm tgian so far = up to now = up to the present= until now * Giäúng thç hiãûn tải hon thnh nhỉng nháún mảnh 1 sỉû viãûc bàõt âáưu trong QK kẹo di âãún hiãûn tải v cn tiãúp tủc åí tỉång lai. - She (wait) has been waiting to see you since 2 o’ clock . - He (work) has been working in this factory for 4 years. 5. The Simple Past (Thç Quạ Khỉï âån) S + V2/V-ed S + did + NOT + bare- V Did +S + bare- V? - Yessterday, last (last week /month/ year .), ago, in + year(in 2000 .) * 1 sỉû viãûc xy ra v cháúm dỉït trong QK cọ thåìi gian xạc âënh r. - She (meet) met him yesterday. - Mr Pike (stay) stayed here last night * 1 thọi quen åí QK v cháúm dỉït åí hiãûn tải (= used to + bare -V) ex: He (go) went/ used to go fishing with his father when he a children 6. The Past Continuous (Thç Quạ Khỉï Tiãúp Diãùn) S + was/ were + V-ing S + was/ were + NOT + V-ing Was/ were + S + V- ing? At the time, at the moment, at present, at 5 P.m/ at 5 o’clock + Thåìi gian Quạ Khỉï * 1 sỉû viãûc xy ra åí 1 thåìi âiãøm củ thãø våïi thåìi gian xạc âënh r trong QK. - At this time last night, she (study) was studying lessons at home. * 2 sỉû viãûc xy ra cng 1 lục v kẹo di tải mäüt thåìi âiãøm trong QKhỉï. - My mother (cook) was cooking while my father (watch) was watching TV. * 2 sỉû viãûc cng xy ra teong QK, trong 1 SV dang tiãúp diãùn (dng thç QK tiãúp diãùn) v 1 Sv khạc âäüt ngäüt xy ra (QK âån) -When he ( drive) was driving, he (see) saw a serious accident. CHUYN ệ NGặẻ PHAẽP 7. The Past Perfect : (Thỗ QKHoaỡn Thaỡnh) S + had + V3/ V-ed S + had + NOT + V3/ V-ed Had + S + V3/ V-ed? Caùc tổỡ thổồng duỡng: before, after, by, . *Dióựn taớ 1 haỡnh õọỹng hoaỡn tỏỳt trổồùc tgzin hoỷc haỡnh õoỹng khaùc trong QK - Before 1975, he (work) had worked in that factory - When I (come) come, he (leave) had left - After he (graduate) had graduated, he (go) went abroad. 8. The Past Perfect : (Thỗ QKHoaỡn Thaỡnh tióỳp dióựn) S + had + been + V- ing S + had + NOT + been + V-ing Had + S + been + V- ing? Caùc tổỡ thổồng duỡng: before, after, by, . * Dióựn taớ 1 haỡnh õoỹng xaớy ra vaỡ keùo daỡi trong quaù khổù cho õeùn khi coù haỡnh õọỹnh quaù khổù thổù 2 khaùc xaớy ra ( haỡnh õọỹng naỡy duỡng thỗ quaù khổù õồn) vaỡ thồỡi gian keùo daỡi thổồỡng nóu roợ trong cỏu. - They (play) had been playing card for 2 hours before I came. 9. The Simple future (Thỗ Tổồng Lai õồn) S + will/ shall + bare-V S + will/shall + NOT + bare-V Will/Shall + S + bare- V? Tomorrow, next (next week/ month/ year .), someday, . *dióựn taớ 1 haỡnh õọỹng seợ xaớy ra trong tổồng lai. - Tomorrow he (visit ) will viisit me. - She (stay) will stay at next Monday. *** Mọỹt sọỳ trổồỡng hồỹp lổu yù: 1. Mọỹt sọỳ õọỹng tổỡ khọng dổỷoc duỡng ồớ thỗ tióỳp dióựn nhổ: be, see, hear, feel, taste, know, understand, like, hate, want, need, love, prefer, remember, forget, realize, believe, seem, suppose, . Ex: They want to go for a walk CHUYÃN ÂÃÖ NGÆÎ PHAÏP PHÁÖN B : BAÌI TÁÛP Choose a, b, c or d that best completes each sentence: I will see him when he . here tomorrow. a. comes b. will come c. has come d. had come The boys broke a window when they football. a. played b. were playing c. haf played d. are playing What . to you yesterday? a. happened b. did happen c. had happen d. was happening It was the most exciting film I . a. never saw b. ever saw c. had ever seen d. have ever seen He said that he his work since 7 o’clock. a. Did b. has done c. had done d. would do I . about him when suddenly he came in. a. talk b. talked c. am talking d. was talking Please don’t touch anything before . a. the police will come b. the police comes c. the police come d. the police would come “When .?” - In 1928 a. penicillin was discovered b. was penicillin discovered b. did penicillin discovered d. did penicillin discover They have been in love with each other . they were young a. while b. until c. for d. since Do you know what . there yesterday? a. she is doing b. was doing c. did she do d. she did At present, that author a historical novel. a. is writing b. was writing c. has written d. had written By next month, I my first novel. a. will finish b. am going to finish b. finish d. will have finished I . the money from him yet. a. haven’t received b. don’t receive c. will receive d. am receiving Don’t make noise. My mother with her friend. a. is talking b. was talking c. talks d. talked the teacher gave me a passing grade. a. After taking the test b. After I take the test b. After I took the test d. After I had taken the test No sooner .the office than the phone rang a. was he leaving b. he was leaving c. he had left d. had he left 17. How many times there so far? A few times. a. have you been b. would you be c. were you d. had you been 18. It’s at least a month since Tom. CHUYÃN ÂÃÖ NGÆÎ PHAÏP a. I last seen b. I last see c. I have last seen d. I last saw 19. Up to then, I such a big fire. a. have never seen b. had never seen c. never seen d. never see 20. I her since I a student. a. know/ am b. knew/ was c. have known/ am d. have known/ was 21. They .for 3 hours when the storm suddenly broke. a. had been running b. have been running c. are running d. will be running 22. I assumed you paying for the repairs until the end of last year. a. have been b. was been c. are being d. had been 23. .get tired of answering the same questions every day? a. Have you ever b. Had you ever c. Do you ever d. Are you ever 24. She .working on that manuscript for 2 year now. a. will be b. has been c. had been d.is 25. I .there once a long time ago and .back since. a. went/have not been b. go/am not c. have gone/was d. was going/had not been 26. She .trying to pass her driving test but fails every time. a. kept b. is keeping c.did want d. keeps 27. I .complete silence now while I try this experiment. a. am wanting b. want c. had wanted d. have wanted 28.The students .by Mrs.Monty. However, this week they .by Mr.Tanzer. a. are usually taught/are being taught b. usually teach/are teaching c. have usually been taught/have been teaching d. were usually teaching /are teaching 29. No matter what happens next I .help you. a. am b. have c. will d.would 30. In the last hundred years, traveling .much easier and more comfortable. a. becomes b. has become c. became d. will become 31. In the 19th century, it two or three months to cross North America by covered wagon. a. took b. had taken c. had taken d.was taking 32. In the past the trip very rough and often dangeruos, but things a great deal in the last hundred and fifty years. a. was/have changed b. is/change c. had been/will change d.hasbeen/changed 33. Now you .from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours. CHUYÃN ÂÃÖ NGÆÎ PHAÏP a. are flying b. would fly c. will fly d. can fly 34. When Carol last night, I .my favorite show on television. a. was calling/watched b. called/have watched c. called/was watching d. had called/watched 35.By this time next summer, you your studies. a.completes b.will complete c.are completing d. will have completed 36. Right now, Jim the newspaper and kathy dinner. a. reads/has cooked b. is reading/is cooking c.has read/was cooking d. read/will be cooking 37. Last night at this time, they .the same thing. She .and he the newspaper. a. are doing/is cooking/is reading b. were doing/was cooking/was reading c. was doing/has cooked/is reading d. had done/was cooking/read 38. When I .home last night, I .that Jane a beautiful candle light dinner. a. had arrived/discovered/preparing b. was arriving/has discovered/was preparing c. have arrived/was discovering/had prepared d. arrived/discovered/was preparing 39.The sun late in winter. a. is rising always b. rises always c. is always rising d. always rises 40. While I Tv last night, a mouse ran across the floor. a. watch b. watched c. was watching d. am watching 41.This is the most intersting novel . a. I’ve read b. I had read c. I’ve never read d. I’ve ever read 42. When it began to rain, they .in the yard. a. played b. had played c.were playing d. have played 43.I haven’t seen you a. since a long time b. for ages c. ages d. for long existence 44. It .every day so far this week. a. rained b. has rained c. rains d. is raining 45. I any letter from him yet. a. haven’t received b. will receive c. don’t receive d. didn’t receive 46. We .to Dalat several times. It’s a foggy city. a. were b. have been c. were being d. had been 47. Be careful! The bus near. a. will come b. will be coming c. is coming d. has come 48.I haven’t met him since he .school. CHUYN ệ NGặẻ PHAẽP a. left b. was leaving c. had left d. was left 49. My uncle .on this farm since he was 20. a. has worked b. have worked c. worked d. was working 50. It . me 15 minutes to go to school every morning. a. takes b. has taken c. is takening d. took 51. When I woke up this morning, it a. rained b. was raining c. has rained d. is raining 52. He London 2 years ago and I .him since then. a. left/ hadnt seen b. left/ havent seen c. was living/ havent seen d. left/ didnt seen 53. By the time Tom got back,Peter a. have gone b. went c. will go d. had gone LESSON 2: PASSIVE VOICE ( THỉ Bậ ĩNG) PHệN A: LYẽ THUYT I. Cọng thổùc chung : BE + PAST PARTICIPLE II. Cọng thổùc cuớa tổỡng thỗ: TENSES ACTIVE PASSIVE 1. The simple present S + bare - V/ V-s/es S + am/is /are + PP 2. The pre. Continuous S + am/ is/ are + v-ing S+ am/is / are/ + being + PP 3. The present perfect S + have/ has + PP S + have/ has + been + PP 4. The simple past S + V2/ V-ed S + was/ were + PP 5. The past continuous S + was/ were + V- ing S + was/ were + be+ V -ing CHUN ÂÃƯ NGỈỴ PHẠP 6. The past perfect S + have/ has + PP S + have/has + been + PP 7. The simple future S + will/ shall + bare-V S + will/ shall + be + PP 8. The near future S+ am/ is/ are going to+ bareV S+am/is/are going to+be+PP 9. The Modal verbs S + can/could/may .+ bare-V S + can/could/may + be + PP III. Quy tàõc âäøi tỉì cáu ch âäüng sang cáu bë âäüng: 1. Xạc âënh S, V, O ca cáu ch âäüng. 2. Hoạn âäøi SvO(S ca ch âäüng lm O ca bë âäng, O ca ch âäüng lm S ca bë âäüng) 3. Chuøn V tỉì dảng ch âäüng sang dảng bë âäüng 4. Thãm giåïi tỉì “by” trỉåïc O ca cáu bë âäüng. IV. Cáúu trục : Ch âäüng : S V O Bë âäüng : S V ( BY + O) ( BE + PP) V. Examples: 1. My mother has made that cake. S V O ---- That cake has been made by my mother 2. Nam is asking me a lot of questions. S V O ---- I am being asked a lot of questions by Nam. VI. Cạc trỉåìng håüp cáưn lỉu : 1. S ca cáu ch âäüng l âải tỉì nhán xỉng( he, she, you, they, we ) v cạ tỉì nhỉ: someone, somebody, anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, . thç lỉåüc b O trong cáu bë âäüng. Ex: Someone has sent me the flowers. ---- I have been sent the flowers. She must do all homework before going to bed. ---- All homework must be done before going to bed. 2. Trảng ngỉỵ chè nåi chäún âàût trỉåïc “by + O bë âäüng”. Ex: The police found him in the foresst. ----He was found in the forest by the police. 3. Trảng ngỉỵ chè thåìi gian âàût sau “by + O bë âäüng”. Ex: Mr Brown bought the house last week. ---- The house was bought by Mr Brown last week. 4. Trảng ngỉỵ chè thãø cạch âỉïng giỉỵa “BE + PP”. Ex: The boss has treated them badly. ---- They have been badly treated by the boss. 5. Âäúi våïi 1 säú âäüng tỉì cọ 2 tán ngỉỵ thç 1 trong 2 tán ngỉỵ âãưu cọ thãø dng lm ch ngỉỵ trong cáu bë âäüng; tuy nhiãn tán ngỉỵ chè ngỉåìi thỉåìng âỉåüc sỉí dủng nhiãưu hån. Ex: He sent me a postcard. ---- I was sent a postcard. CHUYN ệ NGặẻ PHAẽP ---- A postcard was sent to me. V. Mọỹt sọỳ daỷng cỏu biỷ õọỹng õỷc bióỷt: 1. Causitive form: ( Thóứ nhồỡ baớo): Have hoỷc Get. a. Have * chuớ õọỹng : S + have + O.1(person) + bare -V + O.2 ( thing) * bở õọỹng : S + have + O.2 (thing) + past participle Ex: I had him repair the roof yesterday. ---- I had the roof repaired yesterday. b. Get * chuớ õọỹng : S + get + O.1(person) + to- inf + O.2 ( thing) * bở õọỹng : S + get + O.2 (thing) + past participle Ex: I will get her to cut my hair ---- I will get my hair cut. 2. Verbs of Opinion: Say, think, believe, know, report, declare . Coù 2 daỷng bở õọỹng: * chuớ õọỹng: S1 + V of pinion + (that) + clause (S2+V + O) * bở õọỹng : It + be + V of opinion ( PP) + (that) + clause. Hoỷc: S2 + be + V of opinion (PP) + to-inf Ex: - They said that John is the brightest student in class. ---- It is said that John is the brightest student in class. ----- John is said to be the brightest student in class. - They knew that Mary won the competition. ---- It was known that Mary had won the competition ---- Mary was known to have won the competition. 3. Verbs of perception ( ọỹng tổỡ chố giaùc quan): see, watch, hear, . * chuớ õọỹng : S + V + O + bare - inf / V-ing * bở õọỹng : S + Be + V (PP) + to-inf/ V-ing Ex: - People saw him steal your car. ---- He was seen to steal your car. - The teacher is watching them work. ---- They are being watched working by the teacher. PHệN B: BAèI TP I. Choose the best answer: 1. Those eggs of different colors are very artistic. Yes, they in Russia a.were painted b. were paint c. were painting d. painted 2. David is in prison for smoking drugs He that it was against the law. is telling b. was told c. told d. tells 3. The maintenance people didnt remove the chairs from ballroom Dont the worry. They them before the dance begins a. will have been moved b. will have moved c. were moved d. moved 4. Gold in California in the 19 th century. a. was discovered b. has been discovered c. was discover d. they discovered CHUYÃN ÂÃÖ NGÆÎ PHAÏP 5. that military spending is extremely high. a.We are felt b. It feels c. It is felt d. We feel that it is 6. They . time and money doing such a thing. a.were advised not to waste b. were advised not to be wasted c. were advising not to waste d. were advising not to be wasted 7. These students . so much that they feel very tired and bored. a.are made to study b. are made study c.are making to study d. are made to be studied 8. I . in the lounge for ten minutes. a.was told waiting b. was told to wait c.was telling to be waited d. was told to be waited 9. The students . to be at school at 8 am a. tell b. told c. have told d. were told 10. Our children to school by bus every morning. a.take b. are taken c. have taken d. are taking 11. Bicycles in the driveway. a. must not leave b. must not be leaving c. must not be left d. must not have left 12. Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony . next weekend. a. is going to be performed b. has been performed c.will be performing d. will have performed 13Reagan . an actor years ago. a. is said to be b. was said being c. was said have been d. is said to have been 14. I hate . personal questions by nearly acquainted friends. a. to be asking b. to be asked c. being asking d. of asking 15. It that learning a foreign language a lot of time. a. says/ is take b. is saying / has been taken c. is said/ takes d. was said/ was taken 16.All bottles . before transportation. a. frozen b. were froze c. were frozen d. are froze 17. . yet? a. Have the letters been typed b. Have been the letters typed c. Have the letters typed d. Had the letters typed 18. English has become a second language in countries like India, Nigeria or Singapore where for administration, broadcasting and education. a. is used b. it is used c. used d. being used 19. The telephone by Alexander Graham Bell. a. is invented b. is inventing c. invented d. was invented 20. Lots of houses by the earthquake. a. are destroying b. destroyed c. were destroyed d. were destroying 21. In the Us the first stage of compulsory education as elementary education .