TEACHING READING Presented by QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION I. Reading skills and strategies II. Principles behind the teaching of reading. III. Guidelines for teaching reading IV. Follow-up activity Choose a text in Tieng Anh 12 nang cao and design a lesson plan. I. Reading skills and strategies 1. Scanning: Students read the text in order to find some specific information. When reading, they do not have to read every word and line. e.g. instructions on how to find a house 2. Skimming: Students read the text quickly in order to get the gist or the general idea or global meaning. e.g. reading a magazine article 3. Reading for detailed comprehension: Students read the text and try to get all the details, concentrating hard on specifics. e.g. instructions on how to find a house 4. Predicting: Students predict what the text is about before reading and continuing to predict what will come next while reading. 5. Guessing: Students guess the meaning of unknown words from the context. 6. Using a dictionary: Students use dictionaries (both monolingual and bilingual) to look up new words to facilitate reading. 7. Inferring: Students read the text and try to work out the writer’s opinions, implications, and attitudes. II. Principles behind the teaching of reading.  Principle 1: Reading is not a passive kill. It is an incredibly active activity. Both teachers and students must understand the meanings of words, the arguments and work out if they agree with each other. If not doing so, they only scratch the surface of the text and quickly forget it.  Principle 2: Students need to engaged with what they are reading. If they are not interested in reading the text, they cannot benefit much from the text. II. Principles behind the teaching of reading (continued)  Principle 3: Students should be encouraged to respond to the content of a reading text, not just to the language. The meaning, the message of the text is important so teachers should give students an opportunity to respond to that message, to express their feelings about the topic. This will make them be engaged with the reading text and the language. II. Principles behind the teaching of reading (continued)  Principle 4: Prediction is a major factor in reading.The book cover, the headlines, the photographs, the word-processed page can be used as hints to make a student’s brain start predicting what he/she is going to read. Predicting what is coming will help students become better and more engaged readers. II. Principles behind the teaching of reading (continued)  Principle 5: Match the task to the topic. Teachers should choose good reading tasks for students to read. The most exciting passage is the one with appropriate questions, imaginative and challenging tasks.  Principle 6: Good teachers exploit the reading text to the full. Teachers should integrate the reading text into interesting class sequences, using a variety of tasks to help students read and comprehend the text thoroughly. Top-down and bottom-up processing  In top-down processing, the reader gets a general view or idea of the reading text by absorbing the overall picture/ reviewing what he knows about the topic to interpret the message he is reading.  In bottom-up processing, the reader focuses on individual words, phrases or cohesive devices and achieves understanding by stringing these detailed elements together to build up a whole. [...]... into descriptions Students read jumbled instructions for a simple operation (using a public phone box etc.) and have to put the instructions in the correct order V Types of reading texts (continued) 3 4 5 6 Students read a recipe and after matching instructions with pictures; they have to cook the food! Students are given a number of words from a text In groups, they have to predict what kind of a text . details, concentrating hard on specifics. e.g. instructions on how to find a house 4. Predicting: Students predict what the text is about before reading and continuing. language. II. Principles behind the teaching of reading (continued)  Principle 4: Prediction is a major factor in reading.The book cover, the headlines, the