Career Development Interventions 5th Edition Spence G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Publisher to insert cover image here Chapter Career Counseling Strategies and Techniques for the 21st Century Developed by: Jennifer Del Corso Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Expanding the Limited View of Career Counseling • Career counseling has traditionally emphasized helping individuals find the “best occupational fit”, however there is a substantial body of evidence that suggested this limited view has “less than desirable outcomes” • A limited view of career counseling has led individuals to overemphasize testing • Counselors in the 21st century recognize that one’s life and career are not separate; and that mental health and work are interwoven Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Career Counseling is Counseling • The 2016 Standards for CACREP continue to identify career development as a core area of counseling competence; thus, career counselors are professional counselors or psychologists with specialized training in the delivery of career development interventions • Career counseling can be classified within the general category of counseling because of the overlap in skills required to conduct general and career counseling Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Career Counseling and Mental Health Counseling • Niles and Anderson (1995) examined the content of more than 250 career counseling sessions and found no pattern for the presentation of career and noncareer concerns in career counseling • Important to view career counseling as a type of psychological intervention that, at times throughout the course of career counseling, may require the counselor and client to focus on non-career concerns Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Crites’ View • The need for career counseling is greater than the need for psychotherapy • Career counseling  can be therapeutic  should follow psychotherapy  is more effective than psychotherapy  is more difficult than psychotherapy Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Definition of Career Counseling (Brown and Brooks) • Career counseling is an interpersonal process designed to assist individuals with career development problems Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Designing Career Counseling Strategies for the 21st Century • Career counselors must respond to:  global unemployment  corporate downsizing  jobless economy  global competition of small companies via information highway  workerless factories Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Designing Career Counseling Strategies for the 21st Century  redefinition of social contract between employers and employees  increase in the number of companies offering daycare and parental leave  increase in the number of families with dual incomes  increase in the number of people working from home Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved (cont.) Designing Career Counseling Strategies • Career counseling issues “must keep pace with our society’s movement to the postmodern era” (Savickas, 1993, p 205) • Hierarchical organizational pyramids have been flattened in corporations- therefore, career success is no longer defined by moving up the “corporate ladder” • Career patterns now resemble roller coasters rather than gradual inclines Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Providing Counseling-Based Career Assistance • Counseling-Based career assistance seeks to empower clients to articulate their experiences, clarify their self-concepts, and construct their own lives • Counselors are not seen as possessing the solution, rather they work collaboratively with the client to address their needs • Counselors must express multicultural sensitivity and be aware of how contextual factors impact clients’ careers Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Phases of the Career Counseling Process (Niles & Harris-Bowlsbey) continued • Ending or Termination Phase  Connect the work done in the beginning and middle phases by assessing client’s current status  Relate current status to client’s goals for counseling Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Premature Closure in Career Counseling (Brown & Brooks) • Clients believe they have achieved their goal • The career counseling experience does not meet the client’s expectations • Clients fear what might be uncovered in career counseling • Clients lack commitment to counseling Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Questions to Ask About Termination • Did I  review the content of what happened in counseling?  review the process of what happened in counseling?  reemphasize the client’s strengths that were evident in counseling?  evaluate what went well and what went poorly? Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Questions to Ask About Termination continued • Did I  explore things unsaid in counseling?  discuss feelings related to the ending of the counseling relationship?  provide clear and direct structure for the client’s next steps? Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Career Counseling Groups • Group counseling offers a mode of service delivery that can be used instead of, or in addition to, individual counseling • Hansen and Cramer describe group counseling as an intervention for 5-15 members, with 5-8 members viewed as optimal Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Career Counseling Groups continued • Structured career counseling groups address a specific issue that is a common concern • Structured career counseling groups typically meet for 3-7 sessions • Less structured career counseling groups focus on the intrapersonal and interpersonal concerns that clients have about career development Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Career Counseling Groups continued • Less structured career counseling groups tend to be more affectiveoriented than structured groups • Less structured groups meet over a longer period of time than structured groups Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Stages in Group Career Counseling (Pyle) • • • • Opening stage Investigation stage Working stage Decision/Operational stage Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Why Use Career Groups? (Kivlighan) • Members learn new information about themselves and others • Members receive social and emotional support from other group members • Members learn from peers who are in similar situations • Members can share resources and ideas Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Criteria for Successful Groups • Members  are in open communication with each other  share a common goal  set norms that direct and guide their activities  develop a set of roles to play within the group  develop a network of interpersonal attraction  work toward satisfaction of individual needs Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Career Counseling Professional Designations and Related Service Providers • Career service providers (such as career centers or career coaches) differ substantially in their training and areas of expertise Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Career Coaches • Career coaches can range from persons with professional counseling degrees and expertise in career development interventions to persons who are essentially paraprofessionals with very little professional training • Career coaches seek to help clients identify strategies for accomplishing their goals in their work lives Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Career Counselors • Career counseling, however, often leads to a deeper exploration of one’s problems/issues which requires professional training as a counselor and/or psychologist who is held accountable to the ethical guidelines put forth by a specific body such as licensing board • Career counselors in many states must be licensed professional counselors (LPC) Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Career Development Facilitators • Career Development Facilitator is a person who has completed the Career Development Facilitator Training Program and works in a career development setting or who incorporates career development information or skills in his or her work • CDF’s must have 120 class/instructional hours provided by a nationally trained and qualified instructor (ncda.org) Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Master Career Counselors • The NCDA offers a Master Career Counselor (MCC) designation to recognize counselors and psychologists who are licensed and have received supervised career counseling training Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved ... intrapersonal and interpersonal concerns that clients have about career development Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris -Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by. .. assist individuals with career development problems Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris -Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education,... sensitivity and be aware of how contextual factors impact clients’ careers Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris -Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson