Decision Support and Business Intelligence Systems (9th Ed., Prentice Hall) Chapter 10: Collaborative ComputerSupported Technologies and Group Support Systems Learning Objectives       10-2 Understand the basic concepts and processes of groupwork, communication and collaboration Describe how computer systems facilitate communication and collaboration in enterprises Know the concepts and importance of the time/place framework Be aware of the underlying principles and capabilities of groupware (e.g., GSS) Know the process gains and losses and how GSS increases/decreases each of them Describe indirect support for decision making, especially in synchronous environments Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Publishing as Prentice Hall Learning Objectives        10-3 Become familiar with the GSS products of the major vendors (e.g., Lotus, Microsoft, WebEx, Groove) Understand the concept of GDSS and describe how to structure an electronic meeting in a decision room Describe the three settings of GDSS Describe how a GDSS uses parallelism and anonymity and how they lead to process/task gains and losses Understand how the Web enables collaborative computing and group support of virtual meetings Describe the role of emerging technologies Define creativity and explain how it can be facilitated by computers Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Publishing as Prentice Hall Opening Vignette: “Procter & Gamble Drives Ideation with Group Support Systems” 10-4  Company background  Problem description  Proposed solution  Results  Answer and discuss the case questions Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Publishing as Prentice Hall Collaboration  What is it? “… making joint effort toward achieving an agreed upon goal.” 10-5  Meeting is a common form of collaboration  Why collaborate? Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Publishing as Prentice Hall Why Collaborate? Make Decisions Synergy Build Trust Share Work Share the Vision Share Information Solve Problems Build Consensus 10-6 Review Socialize Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Publishing as Prentice Hall Collaboration is Difficult Waiting to speak Domination Fear of Speaking Misunderstanding Inattention Lack of Focus Inadequate Criteria Premature Decisions Missing Information Distractions 10-7 Ineffective Collaboration Wrong People Groupthink Poor Grasp of Problem Ignored Alternatives Lack of Consensus Poor Planning Hidden Agendas Conflict Inadequate Resources Poorly Defined Goals Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Publishing as Prentice Hall Collaboration is Expensive  15 Million formal Sessions / day  ? Million Informal Sessions / day  Billion Sessions / year  30-80% Manager’s time Fortune 500 Companies 3M Corporation Study 10-8 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Publishing as Prentice Hall Collaboration is Essential  No one has all the …      Experience Knowledge Resources Insight, and Inspiration …to the job alone  10-9 Bottom line: Collaboration is difficult, expensive, and yet essential for today’s organizations Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Publishing as Prentice Hall How Do People Collaborate? Low Levels of Collaboration Capability Degree of Collaborative Effort High 10-10 Sprinters Level Collected Work : Uncoordinated Individual Efforts Relay Level Coordinated Work: Coordinated Individual Efforts Crew Level Concerted Work: Concerted Team Effort Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Publishing as Prentice Hall Step 5: Review Prioritized Options…  Chose Risks for Further Analysis… 10-39 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Publishing as Prentice Hall Step 5: Review Prioritized Options…  Collect Additional Input On Risks  Collect additional comments on top three risks… 10-40 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Publishing as Prentice Hall Step 5: Review Prioritized Options…  Review Comments on Risks… 10-41 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Publishing as Prentice Hall Step 6: Create an Action Plan  Create an Action Plan… 10-42 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Publishing as Prentice Hall Step 7: Distribute Session Transcripts  Create and Distribute a Final Report… 10-43 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Publishing as Prentice Hall Last Words about GSS?  Why Successful?       Needs…     10-44 Parallelism Anonymity Synergy Structure Record keeping Organizational commitment Executive sponsor Dedicated well-trained facilitator Good planning Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Publishing as Prentice Hall Collaborative Networks   Integrated supply-chain  Collaborative planning, forecasting, and replenishment (CPFR)  Collaborative design and product development Vendor Managed Inventories  10-45 Wal-Mart, …  Collective Intelligence  Animal Intelligence (swarm intelligence) Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Publishing as Prentice Hall Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment (CPFR) An industry-wide project in which suppliers and retailers collaborate in planning and demand forecasting in order to ensure that members of the supply chain will have the right amount of raw materials and finished goods when they need them 10-46 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Publishing as Prentice Hall Collective Intelligence A shared intelligence that emerges from the intentional cooperation, collaboration, and/or coordination of many individuals  Examples: Wikipedia, video games, online advertising, learner-generated context, …  In order for CI to happen: For more info see Center for  Openness Collective  Peering Intelligence at MIT  Sharing (cci.mit.edu) Copyright Pearson Education, Inc Publishing as Prentice Hall  © 2011 Acting globally  10-47 A Taxonomy of Collective Intelligence 10-48 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Publishing as Prentice Hall Creativity       10-49 Is it a fundamental human trait or something that can be learned? Definition: Creativity is a characteristic of a person that leads to production of acts, items and/or instances of novelty Creativity is the product of … a genius vs an idea generation environment Creative people tend to have creative lives CREATIVITY ⇔ INNOVATION Idea Generation via Electronic Brainstorming Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Publishing as Prentice Hall Creativity…  What variables affects creativity  Cognitive variables: intelligence, knowledge, skills, etc Environmental variables: cultural and socioeconomic factors, working conditions, etc Personality variables: motivation, confidence, sense of freedom, etc Creativity is fostered by   Freedom Permission-to-fail Allow and Enable rather than Structure and Control 10-50 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Publishing as Prentice Hall Creativity…  Software that shows creativity    Software that facilitates human creativity     10-51 Intelligent Agents (Softbots) Creativity is an intelligent behavior ThoughtPath: promotes outside-the-box thinking Creative WhackPack (Creative Think): whack you out of your habitual thought process IdeaFisher: provides language specific universality - thesaurus Freedom, Collaboration, Prototyping Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Publishing as Prentice Hall End of the Chapter  10-52 Questions / comments… Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Publishing as Prentice Hall All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher Printed in the United States of America Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc   Publishing as Prentice Hall 10-53 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Publishing as Prentice Hall ... Understand the basic concepts and processes of groupwork, communication and collaboration Describe how computer systems facilitate communication and collaboration in enterprises Know the concepts and. .. underlying principles and capabilities of groupware (e.g., GSS) Know the process gains and losses and how GSS increases/decreases each of them Describe indirect support for decision making, especially... Understand the concept of GDSS and describe how to structure an electronic meeting in a decision room Describe the three settings of GDSS Describe how a GDSS uses parallelism and anonymity and how