B GIO DC V O TO TRNG I HC BCH KHOA H NI Phan Minh Tõn Nghiờn cu ch to xỳc tỏc Ni-Co-Mo/Al2O3 hot tớnh v quỏ trỡnh x lý lm sch phõn on gasoil t quỏ trỡnh cracking xỳc tỏc ch to nhiờn liu diesel cht lng cao LUN VN THC S KHOA HC NGI HNG DN KHOA HC : PGS.TS Lờ Vn Hiu H NI 2010 MC LC M U Error! Bookmark not defined Chng I: TNG QUAN Lí THUYT TNG QUAN V QU TRèNH HYDRO HO LM SCH TRONG CễNG NGH LC HO DU I.1 Vn ụ nhim mụi trng hin I.2 Gii thiu chung v quỏ trỡnh hydro hoỏ lm sch quỏ trỡnh hydrotreating I.3 Mc ớch, ý ngha ca quỏ trỡnh hydrotreating I.4 C s lý thuyt ca quỏ trỡnh hydrotreating I.4.1 Phn ng hydrodesulfua húa (HDS) I.4.2 Phn ng hydro hoỏ (HYD) 13 I.4.3 Nhng nột chớnh v nhit ng hc phn ng HDS 15 I.5 Nguyờn liu ca quỏ trỡnh hydrotreating 17 I.6 Thnh phn hoỏ hc ca phõn on LCO (Light cycle oil) 18 I.7 Xỳc tỏc cho quỏ trỡnh hydrotreating 19 I.7.1 Thnh phn xỳc tỏc 19 I.7.1.1 Cht mang -Al2O3 19 I.7.1.2 Pha hot ng 21 I.7.1.3 Cht ph tr 22 I.7.2 Cu trỳc ca xỳc tỏc ca quỏ trỡnh hydrotreating 22 I.8 Cỏc yu t nh hng ti xỳc tỏc: 24 I.8.1 nh hng ca cht mang 24 I.8.2 nh hng ca pH 25 I.8.3 nh hng ca phng phỏp ngõm tm 25 I.8.4 nh hng ca quỏ trỡnh sy 25 I.8.5 nh hng ca quỏ trỡnh nung 26 I.9 Kh kim loi bng H2 v hot húa xỳc tỏc bng quỏ trỡnh sulfua húa 27 I.10 Nhng nghiờn cu mi trờn th gii v xỳc tỏc cho quỏ trỡnh hydro húa lm sch 28 Chng II: THC NGHIM 30 II.1 Dng c v húa cht chun b cho thớ nghim 30 II.1.1 Chun b húa cht cho thớ nghim 30 II.1.2 dựng v dng c thớ nghim 30 II.2 Quỏ trỡnh tng hp xỳc tỏc 30 II.2.1 Phng phỏp ngõm tm chõn khụng theo trỡnh t sau 31 II.2.2 Chun b dung dch tm: 32 II.2.3 Chun b cht mang 32 II.2.4 Tng hp xỳc tỏc Co-Mo/-Al2O3 v Ni-Mo/-Al2O3 33 II.3.Cỏc phng phỏp nghiờn cu c trng ca xỳc tỏc: 34 II.3.1 Phng phỏp nhiu x Rnghen (XRD-X Ray Diffraction) nghiờn cu nh tớnh cu trỳc pha tinh th 34 II.3.2 Phng phỏp xỏc nh din tớch b mt riờng theo BET 36 II.3.3 Xỏc nh vi nh ca ht xỳc tỏc bng kớnh hin vi in t quột(SEMScanning Electeron Microscopy) v phõn tớch thnh phn nguyờn t cú mu (EDS-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy) 38 II.3.4 Phng phỏp o phõn b l xp 39 II.3.5 Phng phỏp hp th nguyờn t (AAS) 40 II.4 Phng phỏp nguyờn cu hot tớnh ca xỳc tỏc: 42 II.4.1 Hot húa xỳc tỏc: 42 II.4.2 Tin hnh nghiờn cu phn ng Hydrotreating: 43 II.5 Cỏc phng phỏp ỏnh giỏ cỏc ch tiờu cht lng ca nguyờn liu v sn phm 44 II.5.1 Phng phỏp im anilin xỏc nh hm lng hydrocarbon thm nhiờn liu lng: 44 II.5.2 Phng phỏp hunh quang tia X (XRF X Ray Fluorescence) xỏc nh hm lng lu hunh tng nhiờn liu lng 45 II.5.3 Phng phỏp tớnh ch s diezen ca nhiờn liu lng 47 III.5.4 Phng phỏp sc ký ph (GC-MS: Gas Chromatography Mass Spectometry) 48 Chng III: KT QU V THO LUN 50 III.1 Kho sỏt c trng húa lý ca h xỳc tỏc Ni-Co-Mo/-Al2O3 ti u 50 III.1.1 Cỏc c trng húa lý ca cht mang Al2O3 dng ht di 50 III.1.2 Gin TPR ca cỏc oxyt h xỳc tỏc Ni-Co-Mo/-Al2O3 ti u 51 III.1.3 Gin nhiu x tinh th ca h xỳc tỏc Ni-Co-Mo/-Al2O3 52 III.1.4 Kt qu phõn tớch xỳc tỏc trờn kớnh hin vi in t quột SEM v ph tỏn sc nng lng tia X (EDX) 57 III.1.5 Kt qu phõn tớch hp th nguyờn t (AAS) 59 III.2 nh hng hm lng cht hot ng (Molybdenum Mo) ti hot tớnh xỳc tỏc 59 III.3 nh hng t l cht xỳc tin (Cobalt Co) xỳc tỏc ti kh nng thỳc y phn ng hydrotreating 60 III.6 nh hng ca nhit phn ng hydrotreating ti hot tớnh xỳc tỏc Ni-Co-Mo/-Al2O3 75 III.7 nh hng ca t l hydro/nguyờn liu ti hot tớnh xỳc tỏc Ni-CoMo/-Al2O3 i vi phn ng hydrotreating 79 III.8 So sỏnh hot tớnh cỏc h xỳc tỏc Ni-Co-Mo/-Al2O3 cú v xỳc tỏc CoMo/-Al2O3 v i vi phn ng hydrotreating 84 III.9 Chiu hng ca phn ng kh DBT trờn h xỳc tỏc Ni-Co-Mo/Al2O3 85 KT LUN 89 TI LIU THAM KHO 90 DANH MC CC CH VIT TT TRONG N BET: Brunauer Emmett Teller (Tờn riờng) XRD: Nhiu x tia X (X Ray Diffraction) XRF: Hunh quang tia X (X-Ray Fluorescence) HDS: Hydrodesulfua hoỏ (Hydrodesulfurization) HDN: Hydrodenit hoỏ (Hydrodenitrogenation) HDO: Hydrodoxy hoỏ (Hydrodeoxygenation) HYD: Hydro hoỏ (Hydrogenation) SEM: Kớnh hin vi in t quột (Scaning Electron Microcopy) EDX hay EDS : Ph tỏn sc nng lng tia X (Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) GC-MS: Gas Chromatography Mass Spectometry BP: Biphenyl BT: Benzothiophene CHB: Cyclohexylbenzene DBT: Dibenzothiophenne DMDS: Dimetyldisunfit DMS: Dimetylsunfit FCC: Cracking xỳc tỏc KL: Kim loi LCO: Light cycle oil Ol: Olefin PNA: Parafin- naphatenic- aromatic DANH MC CC BNG Bng 1.1 Túm tt nhng ng dng ca quỏ trỡnh hydrotreating Bng 1.2 Xỳc tỏc dựng cho quỏ trỡnh hydrodesulfua húa cỏc hp cht thiophene Bng 2.1: Cỏc mu xỳc tỏc tng hp c Bng 3.1 im anilin ca sn phm quỏ trỡnh hydrotreating ly theo thi gian trờn cỏc xỳc tỏc cú t l Co/Mo thay i Bng 3.2 s liu hm lng lu hunh tng ca sn phm ti cỏc t l Co/Mo Bng 3.3 Cỏc ch tiờu khỏc ca sn phm quỏ trỡnh hydrotreating ly theo thi gian trờn cỏc xỳc tỏc cú t l Co/Mo thay i Bng 3.4: im anilin ca sn phm theo ỏp sut phn ng Bng 3.5 s liu hm lng lu hunh tng ca sn phm ti cỏc hm lng %NiO v ỏp sut khỏc Bng 3.6 Cỏc ch tiờu khỏc ca sn phm quỏ trỡnh hydrotreating ly theo ỏp sut trờn cỏc xỳc tỏc cú nng %NiO thay i Bng 3.7 im anilin ca sn phm quỏ trỡnh hydrotreating trờn cỏc xỳc tỏc Ni-Co- Mo ti u thi gian hot húa xỳc tỏc thay i Bng 3.8 Cỏc ch tiờu khỏc ca sn phm quỏ trỡnh hydrotreating trờn cỏc xỳc tỏc Ni-Co- Mo ti u thi gian hot húa xỳc tỏc thay i Bng 3.9 im anilin ca sn phm quỏ trỡnh hydrotreating trờn cỏc xỳc tỏc Bng 3.10 Cỏc ch tiờu khỏc ca sn phm quỏ trỡnh hydrotreating trờn cỏc xỳc tỏc Ni-Co- Mo ti u nhit phn ng thay i Bng 3.11 im anilin ca sn phm quỏ trỡnh hydrotreating trờn cỏc xỳc tỏc Co-Mo ti u t l H2/nguyờn liu thay i Bng 3.12 Cỏc ch tiờu cht lng khỏc ca sn phm phn ng hydrotreating t l H2/nguyờn liu thay i Bng 3.13: Cỏc ch tiờu cht lng ca nguyờn liu v sn phm trờn cỏc h xỳc tỏc Ni-Co-Mo/-Al2O3 v Co-Mo/-Al2O3 khụng cú cht xỳc tin Ni DANH MC CC HèNH V, TH Hỡnh 1.1: C ch phn ng HDS ca DBT trờn xỳc tỏc Ni(Co)-Mo/-Al2O3 Hỡnh 1.2: Hng ca phn ng kh DBT Hỡnh 1.3: S bin i gia lu hunh hot ng v l trng trờn xỳc tỏc sunfua Co(Ni) Mo quỏ trỡnh HDS M: Co hay Ni; : l trng lu hunh Hỡnh 1.4 Cu trỳc lp xỳc tỏc ca MoS2 Hỡnh 1.5 Mụ phng pha CoMoS, nhng cu trỳc lu hunh khỏc v Co trờn b mt nhụm oxyt24 Hỡnh 2.1: S thit b tm chõn khụng Hỡnh 2.2 s h phn ng Vinci Technologies Hỡnh 2.3 Dng c xỏc nh im anilin Hỡnh 2.4 Tng tỏc ca vt cht vi tia X Hỡnh 3.1 Gin phõn b l xp ca -Al2O3 Hỡnh 3.2 Gin TPR ca cỏc oxyt xỳc tỏcNi- Co-Mo/-Al2O3 cha hot hoỏ Hỡnh 3.3 Gin nhiu x tinh th -Al2O3 dng ht di Hỡnh 3.4 Gin nhiu x tinh th mu xỳc tỏc 12%MoO3/-Al2O3 Hỡnh 3.5 Gin nhiu x tinh th mu xỳc tỏc Co-Mo/-Al2O3 ti u Hỡnh 3.6 Gin nhiu x tinh th mu xỳc tỏc Ni-Co-Mo/-Al2O3 Hỡnh 3.7.a Kt qu o EDX ca mu xỳc tỏc Ni-Co-Mo/-Al2O3 12%MoO3/ -Al2O3, Co/Mo=0,4 Hỡnh 3.7.b nh SEM ca mu Ni-Co-Mo/-Al2O3 (12%MoO3/ -Al2O3; Co/Mo=0,4; 0,4%NiO) mag 500x.kớch thc ht 200àm Hỡnh 3.7.c nh SEM ca mu Ni-Co-Mo/-Al2O3 (12%MoO3/ -Al2O3; Co/Mo=0,4; 0,4%NiO) mag 8000x.kớch thc ht 10àm th 3.1 im anilin ca sn phm t l Co/Mo thay i th 3.2 Hm lng lu hunh tng t l Co/Mo thay i th 3.3 Ch s diesel ca sn phm t l Co/Mo thay i th 3.4 im anilin ca sn phm theo ỏp sut %NiO thay i th 3.5: im anilin ca sn phm theo ỏp sut %NiO thay i th 3.6: im anilin ca sn phm theo ỏp sut %NiO thay i th 3.7: im anilin ca sn phm thay i thi gian hot húa xỳc tỏc th 3.8: Ch s diesel ca sn phm thay i thi gian hot húa th 3.9: im anilin ca sn phm trờn h xỳc tỏc Ni-Co-Mo thay i nhit phn ng th 3.10: Ch s diesel ca sn phm trờn h xỳc tỏc Ni-Co-Mo thay i nhit phn ng th 3.11: im anilin ca sn phm trờn h xỳc tỏc Ni-Co-Mo thay i nhit phn ng th 3.12: Ch s diesel ca sn phm trờn h xỳc tỏc Ni-Co-Mo thay i lng H2 Bng 3.11 im anilin ca sn phm quỏ trỡnh hydrotreating trờn cỏc xỳc tỏc Co-Mo ti u t l H2/nguyờn liu thay i Lng H2 im anilin sn Lng nguyờn liu (g/h) (nl/h) phm(C) 30 37 30 41 30 46 30 47 Da trờn cỏc s liu bng 3.11, xõy dng th 3.11 im anilin im anilin ca sn phm trờn h xỳc tỏc Ni-Co-Mo ti u thay i nhit phn ng 48 46 44 42 40 38 36 34 32 10 Nhit phn ng ( C) th 3.11: im anilin ca sn phm trờn h xỳc tỏc Ni-Co-Mo/-Al2O3 thay i nhit phn ng S gia tng giỏ tr ca im anilin sn phm trờn th 3.11 cng th hin quy lut tng theo s gia tng ca t l H2/nguyờn liu iu ny th hin u th ca phn ng hydro hoỏ quỏ trỡnh hydrotreating cỏc iu kin nghiờn cu ú l 81 s gim mnh hm lng hydrocarbon thm ca sn phm so vi nguyờn liu (da trờn im anilin sn phm tng ỏng k (48C ) so vi nguyờn liu (32C), c bit tng hm lng H2 u vo (khi lng H2 tng t nl/h lờn nl/h, im anilin tng tng ng t 41C lờn 46C) Mt s ch tiờu cht lng khỏc ca sn phm Kt qu xỏc nh mt s ch tiờu cht lng khỏc ca sn phm cỏc phn ng tin hnh vi cỏc t l H2/nguyờn liu khỏc c th hin bng 3.12 Bng 3.12 Cỏc ch tiờu cht lng khỏc ca sn phm phn ng hydrotreating t l H2/nguyờn liu thay i Lng H2 Lng nguyờn liu T trng API Ch s diesel (nl/h) (g/h) sn phm (d15.64) sn phm sn phm 30 0.8296 39.0641 38.5172 30 0.8294 39.1053 41.3734 30 0.8291 39.1670 44.9637 30 0.8290 39.1876 45.9627 Da trờn cỏc s liu v ch s diesel bng 3.12, xõy dng th 3.12 82 Ch s diesel Ch s diesel ca sn phm trờn h xỳc tỏc Ni-Co-Mo ti u thay i lng H2 46 44 42 40 38 36 Lng H2 (nl/h) th 3.12: Ch s diesel ca sn phm trờn h xỳc tỏc Ni-Co-Mo thay i lng H2 T cỏc s liu bng 3.12, ta cng rỳt nhng nhn xột tng t v cht lng sn phm nh vi im anilin So vi nguyờn liu, t l H2/nguyờn liu cng cao thỡ sn phm hm lng cỏc hydrocarbon nng cng gim (t trng gim t 0.8298g/cm3 xung 0.829 g/cm3), hm lng parafin v naphtenic cng tng, th hin qua tng ch s diesel (t 34.74 lờn 45.9627); chng t hiu qu ca phn ng hydrotreating trờn h xỳc tỏc Ni-Co-Mo/-Al2O3 Nh vy, cỏc kt qu kho sỏt trờn cho thy xỳc tỏc Ni-Co-Mo/-Al2O3 th hin hot tớnh khỏ tt vi phn ng hydrotreating, nht l lng H2 np vo ln iu ny c gii thớch l phn ng hydro hoỏ l phn ng gim ỏp sut khớ nờn lng hydro tng, cõn bng s chuyn dch thun chiu phn ng lm gim th tớch khớ Tuy nhiờn, gii hn hot ng ca h Vinci Technologies, cng nh yu t ỏp sut phn ng, chỳng tụi ch dng li kho sỏt tc np H2 giỏ tr cao nht l nl/h Nh vy, phm vi nghiờn cu ca mỡnh, chỳng tụi chp nhn giỏ tr np liu H2 nl/h cho phn ng hydrotreating trờn h Vinci Technologies l giỏ tr ti u 83 III.8 So sỏnh hot tớnh cỏc h xỳc tỏc Ni-Co-Mo/-Al2O3 cú v xỳc tỏc Co-Mo/Al2O3 v i vi phn ng hydrotreating Tin hnh phn ng hydrotreating trờn hai h xỳc tỏc Ni-Co-Mo/-Al2O3 cú cựng hm lng cht hot ng 12%MoO3; cú t l Co/Mo = 0.4 v Co-Mo/-Al2O3, vi cựng ch cụng ngh phự hp nht c tỡm t cỏc phn III.4.1, III.4.2, III.4 Sn phm ca cỏc phn ng c a i xỏc nh cỏc ch tiờu cht lng Kt qu c trỡnh by bng 3.13 cựng vi cỏc ch tiờu cht lng ca nguyờn liu diesel ban u Bng 3.13: Cỏc ch tiờu cht lng ca nguyờn liu v sn phm trờn cỏc h xỳc tỏc Ni-Co-Mo/-Al2O3 v Co-Mo/-Al2O3 khụng cú cht xỳc tin Ni Mu im anilin (C) Nguyờn liu T trng (d15.64) API Ch s diesel Hm lng S tng (ppm) 32 0.8298 39.02 34.74 370 36 0.8292 39.146 37.894 260 50 0.8285 39.2906 47.93 145 Sn phm trờn CoMo/-Al2O3 Sn phm trờn Ni-CoMo/-Al2O3 Nhn xột: T cỏc s liu bng 3.13 ta thy rừ hot tớnh ca cỏc h xỳc tỏc Ni-Co-Mo/Al2O3 cú v khụng cú cht xỳc tin Ni i vi phn ng hydrotreating nguyờn liu phõn on gasoil iu ny c th hin qua vic ci thin rừ rng tt c cỏc ch tiờu cht lng sn phm so vi nguyờn liu sau phn ng Kt qu tt ca im anilin i vi c hai xỳc tỏc chng t chỳng cú kh nng thỳc y phn ng hydro 84 hoỏ khỏ tt, giỳp no hoỏ cỏc olefin v cỏc hp cht hydrocarbon thm (im anilin cao) Hm lng lu hunh tng ca sn phm cng gim so vi nguyờn liu u 255ppm i vi phn ng trờn mu xỳc tỏc cú cht xỳc tin Ni-Co-Mo/-Al2O3 v 110ppm i vi mu xỳc tỏc Co- Mo/-Al2O3 Sn phm thu c t phn ng trờn h xỳc tỏc cú cht xỳc tin Ni-Co-Mo/-Al2O3 cú cht lng tt hn nhiu so vi h xỳc tỏc Co-Mo/ -Al2O3 th hin qua im anilin ln hn (50C so vi 36C); API v ch s diesel cao hn (39.2906 so vi 39.146 v 47.93 so vi 37.894, xem bng 3.13) c bit, hm lng lu hunh tng gim thờm lng tng i cú mt cht xỳc tin Ni-Co (t 370ppm xung 145ppm) Kt qu ny minh chng nhng nh hng tớch cc ca cỏc cht kớch ng i vi hot ng ca xỳc tỏc hydrotreating Núi cỏch khỏc, s cú mt ca cht kớch ng khụng ch trỡ v nõng cao kh nng phn ng hydro hoỏ (th hin qua im anilin tng) m cũn cú tỏc dng y mnh cỏc phn ng HDS v HDN ch xy yu khụng cú cht kớch ng (th hin qua API v ch s diesel tng mnh ng vi s gim ỏng k hm lng cỏc hydrocarbon nng s thoỏt S v N, cựng s gim tng i ca hm lng lu hunh tng sn phm) Nh vy, kim loi xỳc tin a lờn xỳc tỏc ó th hin c vai trũ ca mỡnh i vi phn ng hydrotreating, phự hp vi cỏc kt qu nghiờn cu c cụng b trờn th gii.[16] III.9 Chiu hng ca phn ng kh DBT trờn h xỳc tỏc Ni-Co-Mo/-Al2O3 Kho sỏt chiu hng ca phn ng HDS ti hot tớnh xỳc tỏc hydrotreating trờn h Vinci Technologies vi ch cụng ngh nh sau: Nguyờn liu: DBT c pha n-hecxan theo t l: 3000ppm 1lit n-hecxan Tc np: 30g/h Khi lng xỳc tỏc Ni-Co-Mo/-Al2O3: 10 g Hot húa xỳc tỏc dũng CS2 pha n-hexan theo t l 2/100ml Nhit hot húa xỳc tỏc: 400oC p sut hot húa l: 20 bar Thi gian hot húa xỳc tỏc: 120 phỳt 85 Tc dũng np H2: 6nl/h p sut phn ng khụng i: 60bar Nhit phn ng: 370 oC Thi gian phn ng: 120 phỳt Sau cỏc phn ng, tụi tin hnh o GC-MS sn phm vi ch : Oven : 60 ặ 160 tc 5/min 160ặ 300 tc 15/min Hold Column DB-5MS Flow 0.5ml/min Inlet : 280 Split : 100:1 Injector volumn : 0.2àl Kt qu c th hin ph lc v ph lc Nhỡn vo kt qu chy ph GC-MS ta thy cú Phenylcyclohexane v Diphenyl vi nng khỏc th hin bng sau: Mu xỳc tỏc M3 M4 Hm lng Phenylcyclohecxance(%) Hm lng Diphenyl (%) 99 10.4 89.6 86 104 100 117 160 91 50 78 131 145 70 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 (mainlib) Benzene, cyclohexylName: Benzene, cyclohexylFormula: C12H16 MW: 160 CAS#: 827-52-1 NIST#: 228262 ID#: 65690 DB: mainlib Other DBs: Fine, TSCA, RTECS, HODOC, NIH, EINECS, IRDB Contributor: Japan AIST/NIMC Database- Spectrum MS-NW-3826 10 largest peaks: 104 999 | 117 799 | 160 697 | 91 516 | 92 214 | 118 151 | 105 140 | 41 104 | 115 103 | 161 93 | Synonyms: 1.Cyclohexane, phenyl2.Cyclohexylbenzene 3.Phenylcyclohexane 4.1,1'-Biphenyl, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro 154 100 50 51 63 60 (replib) Biphenyl 76 87 80 102 100 87 115 128 120 139 140 160 Name: Biphenyl Formula: C12H10 MW: 154 CAS#: 92-52-4 NIST#: 34804 ID#: 20630 DB: replib Other DBs: Fine, TSCA, RTECS, EPA, HODOC, NIH, EINECS, IRDB Contributor: GULF R ' D CO., PITTSBURGH, PA, USA 10 largest peaks: 154 999 | 153 271 | 152 221 | 155 130 | 76 121 | 77 75 | 51 68 | 63 62 | 151 61 | 115 47 | Synonyms: 1.1,1'-Biphenyl 2.Bibenzene 3.Diphenyl 4.Phenylbenzene 5.1,1'-Diphenyl 6.Lemonene 7.Phenador-X 8.PHPH 9.Xenene 10.Carolid al 11.Tetrosin ly Trong ú thy mu xỳc tỏc M4 cú pick ca Diphenyl ln hn rt nhiu vi t l Diphenyl = (ph lc 6), cũn mu xỳc tỏc M3 nng Phenylcylohecxance Phenylcyclohexane quỏ (ph lc 5) iu ny chng t phn ng kh DBT xy theo hng kh lu hunh trc tip T kt qu chy ph GC-MS M3 ny cng khng nh s phõn tỏn ca kim loi Ni mao qun -Al2O3 khụng tt ( b co cm), kt qu thu c hon ton phự hp vi vic phõn tớch im anilin v ch s diesel (xem III.4) 88 KT LUN Qua quỏ trỡnh nghiờn cu tng hp xỳc tỏc Ni-Co-Mo/Al2O3 sulfua hoỏ, xỳc tin cho quỏ trỡnh hydro hoỏ lm sch (hydrotreating) phõn on gasoil t quỏ trỡnh Cracking xỳc tỏc vi mc ớch ci thin cht lng phõn on ny lm nhiờn liu v gúp phn bo v mụi trng, chỳng tụi a mt s kt lun nh sau: 1) ó tỡm cỏc t l ti u gia cht mang, cht hot ng v cht xỳc tin (12%wt MoO3, Co/Mo=0.4, 0.4%NiO) Tng hp xỳc tỏc v kho sỏt hot tớnh cho quỏ trỡnh hydrotreating vi mu xỳc tỏc Ni-Co-Mo/-Al2O3 i vi phõn on gasoil thu t quỏ trỡnh cracking xỳc tỏc 2) Tỡm ch cụng ngh phự hp (nhit phn ng 370C, ỏp sut phn ng 60bar, t l H2/nguyờn liu nl/h, thi gian hot hoỏ xỳc tỏc 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5000, Zeton Project Number 332, 4, 740 Oval Court, Burlington Ontario, Canada 94 95 ... loại xúc tác cho trình hydrotreating, trình thiếu nhà máy lọc dầu Việt Nam ứng dụng để làm phân đoạn LCO thu từ trình cracking xúc tác (FCC) nhà máy lọc dầu Dung Quất Đây trình chế tạo xúc tác. .. tăng tính ổn định nhiên liệu; Nhiên liệu phản lực √ √ √ khử Ar để làm giảm nhiệt phát xạ lửa hạ điểm đông đặc Để tạo phân đoạn chưng chân Cặn √ √ √ √ √ √ √ chất lượng cao cho trình cracking xúc tác, ... đề tài nghiên cứu tổng hợp xúc tác thúc đẩy trình hydrotreating nâng cao phẩm chất phân đoạn diesel thu từ trình cracking xúc tác( FCC) [2] I.4 Cơ sở lý thuyết trình hydrotreating Cơ sở trình hydrotreating