ĐÁP ÁN TIẾNG ANH PHẦN ĐỌC HIỂU THI CÔNG CHỨC TỈNH QUẢNG NGÃI 2017 READING COMPREHENSION (20) C1.c Researchers from the University of Arizona studied colonies of rock ants across the western US, both by following them in the wild and by taking whole colonies back to the lab.They found that certain risky behaviours, like foraging widely for food and responding aggressively to a threat, went together, and colonies further north tended to take more of these risks The study suggests those more adventurous personalities could be an adaptation to the limited window of activity left by the long, snowy northern winter Where did the ants studied by the Arizona scientists live? A In colonies across the eastern US B In colonies across the western US C In colonies across the southern US D In colonies across the northern US What ants which look for food further from their nests tend to if they face danger? A They respond aggressively to it B They leave the dangerous place C They call for herds to come D They don’t react The characteristics of ants? A Ants are a social species, living in a large corporation B Ant is an individual living species C Ants react wildly to threats D A&C are correct Which word means ‘change their behaviour to fit a particular situation’? A Adapt B Suitability C Coalescence D Collectivity According to the passage, what does the author mean? A Food of ants B Habitat of ants C Behavior of ants D All correct C2.Scotland has voted to stay in the United Kingdom Around 85% of voters turned out to vote in the referendum A total of 2,001,926 people voted 'No' to independence, whilst 1,617,989 voted 'Yes' It's been history in the making The people of Scotland have decided to continue their 300-year union with England So the UK survives Pro-independence campaigners say they're disappointed, but insist the high turnout shows there's an appetite for change Few would disagree, and accept the result doesn't mean Britain goes back to business as usual In the hours and days ahead, the Prime Minister David Cameron and the other party leaders will now have to deliver on their promise in the last days of the campaign to give Scotland more powers And no-one believes that can be done without a wider shake-up of how the rest of the UK is governed Scotland stay in the United Kingdom after A rejection independence B reject in independence C rejecting independence D reject thing independence Several polls in the weeks before the vote A showed a smaller lead B showed a small lead C showed a smallish lead D showed a smallest lead However, on the day, there was A a cleared victory B a clearer victory C a clears victory D a clear victory The referendum was the culmination of two years of A in tense campaigning B in tents campaigning C intensive campaigning D intense campaigning The result was "a deep personal and A political disappointing B political disappoint meant C political disappointment D political disappointment C3 Walking or cycling to work instead of driving a car can improve people's feelings of health and happiness That's what a study at the University of East Anglia in the UK suggests For many people commuting is a necessary evil Most see going by car or van as the 'least worst' option This study by the researchers at the University of East Anglia challenges that assumption It suggests walking, cycling or travelling by public transport can lift the mood Crucially, it suggests those who switch from the car to an active commute feel better including across a range of psychological measures, concentration, decision making and the ability to face up to problems The researchers say policies encouraging people to leave their cars at home could have a dramatic impact on public wellbeing The benefits of walking or cycling? A Improve people's feelings of health B Improve people's feelings happiness C Improve people's feelings of health and happiness D Improve people's feelings of health and tiredness The “least worst” of commuting for many people? A Walking or cycling B Car or van C Walking or car D Clycling or van Which vehicle can lift the mood? A Walking B Cycling C Travelling by public transport D All correct Why people feel better across a range of psychological measures? A Because they switch from the car to an active commute B Because they switch from the walking to an active commute C Because they switch from the walking or cyling to the car D Because they switch from the car to the walking or cyling The effect of leaving cars at home? A dramatic impact on health B dramatic impact on environment C dramatic impact on public wellbeing D dramatic impact on economy C4 The Earth's protective ozone layer is starting to repair itself, according to a panel of United Nations scientists The main reason behind its recovery, they say, is the fact that certain chemicals, such as those used in aerosol cans, were gradually banned in the 1980s It was in the 1980s that many of us became aware that small individual actions could harm the planet itself.Hairsprays were cited as one of the causes of the hole in the Antarctic ozone layer People were told to wear sunscreen to avoid skin cancer as the layer thinned and more UV light got through.By 1987 world governments had agreed to ban most of the ozone-eating chemicals.The World Meteorological Organisation say at last the ozone layer is showing signs of thickening, although it will be a while before they know if the hole is actually healing.The same organisation warned earlier this week that climate change was heading in the opposite direction with greenhouse gases in the atmosphere at a record level What's going on with ozone? A finishing to repair itself B starting to repair itself C starting to repair atmosphere D Being contaminated The main reason behind its recovery? A It’s certain chemicals B It’s used in aerosol cans C A&B are correct D A&B are wrong What were cited as one of the causes of the hole in the Antarctic ozone layer? A Trash B Hairsprays C Vehicle D Factory How the government protects the ozone layer in 1987? A They ban most of the ozone-eating chemicals B They put forth the policy of environmental protection C Ban on chemical production D Family planning What the organisation warned earlier this week? A The atmosphere was deteriorating B The ozone layer was thinner C Higher solar radiation D climate change was heading in the opposite direction with greenhouse gases in the atmosphere at a record level C5 You can live without air conditioning and indoor plumbing, but there are some true necessities of life You can't survive for long without food, water, sleep, or air Survival experts apply the ‘rule of threes’ to lasting without essentials You can go about three weeks without food, three days without water, three hours without shelter, and three minutes without air However, the ‘rules’ are more like general guidelines Obviously, you can last a lot longer outside when it's warm than when it's freezing Similarly, you can last longer without water when it's humid and cool than when it's hot and dry.The technical name for starvation is inanition It is extreme malnutrition and calorie deficiency A starving person is less sensitive to thirst, so sometimes death is from the effects of dehydration Vitamin deficiency may also lead to death If a person lasts long enough, the body starts using protein from muscles, including the heart, as an energy source Usually, the cause of death is cardiac arrest from tissue damage and electrolyte imbalance What is the necessities of life? A Air conditioning and indoor plumbing B Food, water, sleep, or air C Family and community D All are correct The rule that survival experts apply? A Nutritious food B Fresh air C Rule of threes for food, water, shelter and air D Environmental What is the technical name for starvation? A Inanition B Catastrophe C Eradication D Casualties Which factor is more important to life? A Sleep B Food C Enviroment D Water What is the cause of death? A Cardiac arrest B Tissue damage C Electrolyte imbalance D All are correct C6 Water is an essential molecule for life Depending on your age, gender, and weight, you consist of around 50-65% water, which is used to digest food, carry oxygen and nutrients through the bloodstream, remove wastes, and cushion organs Since water is so critical, it should come as no surprise that dying from dehydration is an unpleasant way to go Oh, in the end, a victim is unconscious, so the actual dying part isn't so bad, but that only occurs after days of pain and misery.Lack of water causes cracked skin and a dry, raspy cough Coughing won't be the worst, though While you might be out of fluids, that won't prevent vomiting The increased acidity of the stomach can produce dry heaves Blood thickens, increasing heart rate Another unpleasant result of dehydration is a swollen tongue While your tongue swells, your eyes and brain shrink As the brain shrinks, the membrane or meninges pulls away from the bones of the skull, potentially tearing Death can result from liver failure, kidney failure, or cardiac arrest What is an essential molecule for life? A Air B Water C Food D Shelter Why is water so important? A digest food B carry oxygen and nutrients C remove wastes and cushion organs D All are correct The consequence of lack of water in the body? A cracked skin and a dry, raspy cough B Causing unconsciousness C Illness D Deadly What happens when tongue swells? A Eyes and brain shrink B Eyes and brain swelling C Eyes and brain cracking D Eyes and brain dry Death is the result of? A Liver failure B Kidney failure C Cardiac arrest A Whales breathe on the water, sharks breathe underwater B Sharks breathe on the water, whales breathe underwater C Whales breathe less than sharks D Whales need more air than sharks C12 Money doesn't have any inherent value Unless you enjoy looking at pictures of deceased national heroes, money has no more use than any other piece of paper until, as a country and an economy, we assign value to it At that point, it does have value, but the value isn't inherent; it's assigned and generally agreed upon by users worldwide It didn't always work this way In the past, money generally took the form of coins composed of precious metals such as gold and silver.The value of the coins was roughly based on the value of the metals they contained, because you could always melt the coins down and use the metal for other purposes Until a few decades ago paper money in different countries was based on the gold standard or silver standard or some combination of the two This meant that you could take some paper money to the government, who would exchange it for some gold or some silver based on an exchange rate set by the government The gold standard lasted until 1971 when President Nixon announced that the United States would no longer exchange dollars for gold This ended the Bretton Woods system, which will be the focus of a future article Now the United States is on a system of fiat money, which is not tied to any other commodity So these pieces of paper in your pocket are just that: pieces of paper By the text, what is the author talking about? A Money B Value of money C Denomination of money D Use the money What is the form of money before? A Money generally took the form of coins composed of precious metals such as gold and silver B Money generally took the form of coins composed of precious metals such as alloy C Money generally took the form of coins composed of precious metals such as denominations D Money generally took the form of coins composed of precious metals such as paper When will the gold exchange last? A Until 1969 B Until 1970 C Until 1971 D Until 1972 Currently, the value of money? A System of fiat money B Not tied to any other commodity C A&B are correct D A&B are not correct Today, what is the material of money? A Gold B Silver C Paper D metal C13.If we print more money, prices will rise such that we’re no better off than we were before Why will prices go up after a money supply increase?In short, prices will go up after a drastic increase in the money supply because:If people have more money, they’ll divert some of that money to spending Retailers will be forced to raise prices, or run out of the product.Retailers who run out of product will try to replenish it Producers face the same dilemma of retailers that they will either have to raise prices, or face shortages because they not have the capacity to create an extra product and they cannot find labor at rates which are low enough to justify the extra production.Inflation is caused by a combination of four factors: The supply of money goes up.The supply of goods goes down.Demand for money goes down.Demand for goods goes up.This gets us to why drastically increasing the money supply on the surface seems like a good idea When we say we’d like more money, what we’re really saying is we’d like more wealth The problem is if we all have more money, collectively we’re not going to be any more wealthy Increasing the amount of money does nothing to increasing the amount of wealth or more plainly the amount of stuff in the world Since the same number of people are chasing the same amount of stuff, we cannot on average be wealthier than we were before What happens when printing more money? A Prices will rise B Inflation fell C Wealthy people D The government is out of control Why will prices go up after a money supply increase? A If people have more money, they’ll divert some of that money to spending B Retailers will be forced to raise prices C Retailers who run out of product will try to replenish it D All are correct If people have a lot of money, what happen? A They’ll divert some of that money to spending B They will save money C They will deposit into the bank D They will buy gold to hoard What factors cause inflation? A The supply of money goes down.The supply of goods goes up Demand for money goes down Demand for goods goes up B The supply of money goes up.The supply of goods goes down Demand for money goes down Demand for goods goes up C The supply of money goes up.The supply of goods goes down Demand for money goes up Demand for goods goes down D The supply of money goes down.The supply of goods goes up Demand for money goes up Demand for goods goes down How does the amount of money affect wealth? A Increasing the amount of money will increase the amount of wealth B Increasing the amount of money will decrease the amount of wealth C Increasing the amount of money does nothing to increasing the amount of wealth D Increasing the amount of money will affect to increasing the amount of wealth C14.Between 2000 and 2012, deforestation occurred on 888,000 square miles globally This was partially offset by 309,000 square miles where forests grew back The net result is an average forest loss of 31 million acres per year during that period – that’s about the size of the state of Mississippi, each year.This forest loss trend is not distributed evenly over the planet Several areas are experiencing important reforestation, the regrowth of recently cut forest, and afforestation, the planting of new forests were none were in recent history, i.e., less than 50 years.Intensive forestry in subtropical areas and in boreal forests is a major agent of forest loss The vast majority of forest loss in tropical areas occurs when forests are converted to agriculture production and pastures for cattle Forests are not logged for the commercial value of the wood itself, but instead they are burned as the fastest way to clear land Cattle are then brought in to graze on grasses that now replace the trees In some areas plantations are put in, notably large palm oil operations In other places, like Argentina, forests are cut to grow soybeans, a major ingredient in pig and poultry feed According to the passage, what is the author talking about? A Climate Change B Greenhouse effect C Deforestation D Pollution water From 2000 to 2012, how much forest area was lost? A 888,000 B 309,000 C 579,000 D 1,197,000 What are the remedies for deforestation? A Reforestation B Deforestation C Don’t deforest D Raise awareness Causes of deforestation in the tropics? A Converted to agriculture production and pastures for cattle B Converted to industrial zones C Converted to tourist resorts D Converted to residential area In argentina, what is the forest used for? A Tourist resorts & industrial zones B Residential area C Agriculture production and pastures for cattle D Cut to grow soybeans C15.The loss of forests means disappearing habitats for wildlife and degraded watersheds, but it also impacts our climate in a multitude of ways Trees absorb atmospheric carbon dioxide, the number one greenhouse gas and contributor to climate change By cutting down forests we reduce the planet’s capacity to pull carbon out of the atmosphere and achieve a balanced carbon dioxide budget Slash from forestry operations is often burned, releasing in the air the carbon stored in the wood In addition, the soil left exposed after the machinery is gone continues to release stored carbon into the atmosphere.Forest loss affects the water cycle, too The dense tropical forests found along the equator release phenomenal amounts of water in the air through a process called transpiration This water condenses into clouds, which then release the water further away in the form of torrential tropical rains It is too soon to really understand how deforestation’s interference with this process affects climate change, but we can be assured that it has consequences within and outside tropical regions What does forest loss mean? A Disappearing habitats for wildlife and degraded watersheds B Disappearing food for wildlife and degraded watersheds C Disappearing habitats for wildlife and reduce water in the rivers D To narrow the habitats for wildlife and degraded watersheds What is the impact of deforestation? A Reduce the planet’s capacity to pull carbon out of the atmosphere B Achieve a balanced carbon dioxide budget C Affects the water cycle D All correct The message the author wants to send to us? A Stop Deforestation B Water protection C Plant trees D Both A&C correct The process of tropical rain? A This water condenses into clouds, which then release the water further away in the form of torrential tropical rains B This water condenses into steam, which then release the water further away in the form of torrential tropical rains C This water condenses into clouds, which then absorb the water further away in the form of torrential tropical rains D This water condenses into water balloon, which then release the water further away in the form of torrential tropical rains What is the greenhouse effect caused by the emissions? A O2 B H2 C CO2 D N2 C16.Behavior is what we humans Behavior is observable and measurable Whether it is walk from one place to another or to crack our knuckles, behavior serves some ‘function’ or the research based approach modifying ‘function’ an inappropriate behavior in order to of to other.Applied Behavior Analysis, behavior, seeks to find a find the the replacement behavior to replace it Every behavior serves some function, and provides a consequence, reinforcement, for the behavior.When we successfully identify the ‘function’ of the behavior we can reinforce an alternate, acceptable behavior that will replace it When the student has that particular function fulfilled by an alternate means, the ‘need’ or mal-adaptive or unacceptable behavior is less likely to reappear If a child needs attention, and we give them attention in an appropriate way because of appropriate behavior, we cement the appropriate behavior and make the inappropriate or unwanted behavior less likely to appear What is behavior? A Behavior is what we humans B Behavior is observable C Behavior is measurable D All correct What is the function of behavior? A Applied Behavior Analysis, the research based approach modifying behavior B Applied Behavior Analysis C The research based approach to modifying behavior D All is incorrect What will be like when we successfully identify the ‘function’ of the behavior? to A The research based approach to modifying behavior B Behavior is what we humans C We can reinforce an alternate, acceptable behavior that will replace it D We cement the appropriate behavior and make the inappropriate or unwanted behavior less likely to appear What will behavior when the student has that particular ‘need’ or function fulfilled by an alternate? A The mal-adaptive or unacceptable behavior is less likely to reappear B The mal-adaptive or unacceptable behavior is more likely to reappear C The mal-adaptive or unacceptable behavior is not likely to reappear D The mal-adaptive or acceptable behavior is less likely to reappear What should we if a child needs attention? A We cement the appropriate behavior and make the inappropriate or unwanted behavior more likely to appear B We cement the appropriate behavior and make the inappropriate or unwanted behavior less likely to appear C We cement the appropriate behavior and make the inappropriate or wanted behavior less likely to appear D We cement the appropriate behavior and make the inappropriate unwanted behavior isn’t likely to appear or C17 The clearest evidence of how a behavior functions for a child is seen in the Antecedent and the Consequence The Antecedent is everything that happens immediately before the behavior occurs It is sometimes also referred to as ‘the Setting Event’ but a setting event may be part of the antecedent, but not the whole The teacher/ABA practitioner needs to ask ‘Is there something in the environment that may lead to the behavior i.e., escaping loud noises, a person who always presents demand, a change in routine that might seem frightening to a child?’ Is there something that happens in that environment that seems to have a causal relationship, like the entrance of a pretty girl, attention, or a loud noise? The Consequence In ABA, the term consequence has a very specific meaning, which at the same time is broader than the use of ‘consequence’, as it usually is, to mean ‘punishment’ The consequence is what happens as the result of the behavior That consequence is usually the ‘reward’ or ‘reinforcement’ for the behavior The best evidence of how a child's behavior is seen? A In the Antecedent and the Consequence B In the Antecedent and the Reason C In the Reason and the Consequence D In the Antecedent and the Result What is the The Antecedent? A The Antecedent is nothing that happens immediately before the behavior occurs B The Antecedent is everything that happens immediately after the behavior occurs C The Antecedent is everything that happens immediately before the behavior occurs D The Antecedent is everything that happens immediately before the behavior What is the Antecedent sometimes called? A The Setting Event B The Consequence Seting C The Setting Cause D The Setting Problem What is the consequence? A The consequence is what happens as the result of the behavior B That consequence is usually the ‘reward’ or ‘reinforcement’ for the behavior C A&B are correct D A&B are wrong What makes a child afraid? A Is there something that happens in that environment that seems to have a causal relationship B Is there something that happens C that environment that seems to have a causal relationship D All are wrong C18.During Grace Abbott’s early childhood in Grand Island, Nebraska, her family was fairly well off Her father was the Lieutenant Governor of the state, and her mother was an activist who had been an abolitionist and advocated women’s rights including woman suffrage.But the 1893 financial depression, plus the drought afflicting the rural part of Nebraska where the family lived, meant that plans had to change Grace studied at and graduated in 1898 from Grand Island College, a Baptist school She moved to Custer County to teach after graduation, but then returned home to recover from a bout of typhoid In 1899, when Edith left her teaching position at the high school in Grand Island, Grace took her position.Grace was able to study law at the University of Nebraska from 1902 to 1903 She was the only woman in the class She taught at the University of Chicago’s School of Social Service Administration from 1934 to 1939, where her sister was the dean She also served, during those years, as editor of The Social Service Review which her sister had founded in 1927 with Sophonisba Breckenridge In 1935 and 1937, she was a United States delegate to the International Labor Organization In 1938, she published the 2- volume treatment of federal and state laws and programs protecting children, The Child and the State What is Grace Abbott's parents job? A Her father was the President, and her mother was an activist B Her father was the Lieutenant Governor of the state, and her mother was an activist C Her father was the Lieutenant Governor of the state, and her mother was a Diplomat D Her father was the Diplomat of the state, and her mother was an activist What did her mother do? A She had been an abolitionist and advocated women’s rights including woman suffrage B She had been an abolitionist C She had been advocated women’s rights including woman suffrage D She had been advocated women’s rights What the university was Grace graduated, in what year? A Island College, a Baptist school, 1897 B Island College, a Baptist school, 1898 C Island College, a Baptist school, 1899 D Island College, a Baptist school, 1900 Which school Grace studied law? When? A University of Nebraska from 1900 to 1902 B University of Nebraska from 1902 to 1903 C University of Nebraska from 1903 to 1905 D University of Nebraska from 1905 to 1907 What school did Grace teach? A She taught at the University of Chicago’s School of Social Service Administration from 1934 to 1939 B She taught at the University of Chicago’s School of Social Service Administration from 1935 to 1940 C She taught at the University of Chicago’s School of Social Service Administration from 1936 to 1941 D She taught at the University of Chicago’s School of Social Service Administration from 193 to 1942 C19 The name ‘Canada’ comes from ‘kanata’,the Iroquois-Huron word for village Aboriginal people used the word to describe the village of Stadacona (present-day Quebec City) to French explorer Jacques Cartier during his trip along the St Lawrence River in 1535 Cartier used the word Canada to refer to both the settlement of Stadacona as well as the surrounding area, which was then ... sound sleep If you can remember anything you hear during your sleep, it's a sure sign you're not sleeping well.Reduce caffeine by switching to something healthier, like bottled water.Limit after-school... What are the signs of not having good sleep? A Remember anything you hear during your sleep B Think about the day's work C Imagine bad things D Turn yourself down By the text, what you want to... Antecedent is nothing that happens immediately before the behavior occurs B The Antecedent is everything that happens immediately after the behavior occurs C The Antecedent is everything that happens