HOW TO DO A RESEARCH (CONT.) Pham The Hai We have stepped thru… Define your research topic/target -needed! (for the world/Vietnam/YOU) Collect information From reliable sources! Approaches & How to do? Methods ? What toPlan do? In what sequence? So what to next? Brainstorm Sit down & analyze the info you have Discuss with experts/your instructors Planning the research • • • • List all the activities needed to be completed Organize the activities How to complete them? approaches/methods What data need to be collected? How to collect data? • Figure out a time frame/time sequence -> make a flexible plan; prepare contingency plans Choosing research approaches/methods • Crucial!  this decides the quality/reliability of your results  Be reasonable! • Consider what you can do: - Time - Money - Availability of materials - Availability of equipment - Instructor Choosing research approaches/methods • Example: Activity: Identifying a microorganism Approach A: morphology-based: method 1: light microscopy method 2: electron microscopy! + biochemical tests based: method 1: cell wall analysis method 2: enzyme analysis Approach B: morphology-based:… + molecular biology based: method 1: rDNA analysis method 2: specific gene analysis Choosing research approaches/methods • How to collect data? - You should yourself develop a good way of record-tracking/note-taking - During that process, ask yourself: Am I recording all relevant data? Can I read and understand my notes? Am I keeping track of what I did at each step? Am I being objective in my data collection? ... Choosing research approaches/methods • Crucial!  this decides the quality/reliability of your results  Be reasonable! • Consider what you can do: - Time - Money - Availability of materials - Availability... activities How to complete them? approaches/methods What data need to be collected? How to collect data? • Figure out a time frame/time sequence -> make a flexible plan; prepare contingency plans Choosing...We have stepped thru… Define your research topic/target -needed! (for the world/Vietnam/YOU) Collect information From reliable sources! Approaches & How to do? Methods ? What toPlan do? In what