Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com Friendship as Sacred Knowing www.Ebook777.com Friendship as Sacred Knowing Overcoming Isolation z SAMUEL KIMBRIEL Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 © Oxford University Press 2014 All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kimbriel, Samuel, 1986– Friendship as sacred knowing : overcoming isolation / Samuel Kimbriel p cm Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 978–0–19–936398–8 (hardcover : alk paper) — ISBN 978–0–19–936399–5 ­(electronic text) Knowledge, Theory of (Religion) Philosophical theology Friendship—Religious aspects—Christianity I Title BL51.K59527 2014 241’.6762—dc23 2013036373 1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper www.Ebook777.com For D My second friend Contents Acknowledgments  ix Abbreviations  xi Introduction  PA RT I: Friendship and Disengagement Friendship and Isolation  Friendship, Virtue, and Contemplation  37 PA RT II: Friendship and Enquiry: Beyond Disengagement Sacred Knowing and Indwelling Love  55 The Porous Enquirer  71 The Veiled Path: Enquiry, Agency, and Desire  99 Human Finitude and the Paradox of Enquiry  115 Friendship and Deification  138 Conclusion  161 Notes  173 Bibliography  Primary Texts Secondary Texts 199 Index  216 Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com Acknowledgments the present work manifests, not least, the great generosity of the friends and communities with whom I have been privileged to share my life I  wish to note how grateful I am for Johannes Börjesson, Federico Tedesco, Blake Allen, Cassie Kimbriel, Cooper Kimbriel, Simon Oliver, Alison Milbank, Karen Kilby, Eric Lee, Vittorio Montemaggi, Jacob Sherman, Elizabeth Powell, Josh Vargo, Alex Englander, Richard McLauchlan, Jeff Phillips, Andrew Davison, and John Hughes Their constant quiet support over these last years has been a great gift In addition to their amity, many of these companions have offered the most fruitful comments about various drafts of this work, as have both of my parents, Beth Ratzlaff and Sam Kimbriel I am particularly indebted to Catherine Pickstock as well as to John Milbank and Janet Soskice for their abundant support and kindness I have been moved by the generosity and attentiveness with which Cynthia Read of Oxford University Press has supported this project, and I am grateful to her and to her assistants, Stuart Roberts and Marcela Maxfield, for their expertise and enthusiasm in preparing the work for publication I am grateful to my sister, Mariah Velasquez, for her help in editing the manuscript and to the Master and Fellows of Pembroke College and the trustees of the Bethune-Baker Fund for financially supporting my ­research I have dedicated this work to D Thompson, who first taught me the word friend It is her love and that perpetually shown to me by my wife, Christine, that continue nearly every day to startle me with the resplendence of what this word could mean SCK Feast of St Benedict 2013 Pembroke College, Cambridge www.Ebook777.com 210 Bibliography McEvoy, J 1981 “Notes on the prologue of St Aelred of Rievaulx’s ‘De spirituali amicitia,’ with a translation.” Traditio 37: 396–411 ——— 1986 “Anima una et cor unum: Friendship and spiritual unity in Augustine.” Recherches de Theologie Ancienne et Medievale 53: 40–92 McGuire, Brian 2010 Friendship and Community Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press McInerny, R 1992 Aquinas on Human Action: A Theory of Practice Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press McKay, K L 1985 “Style and significance in the language of John 21:15–17.” Novum Testamentum 27 (4): 319–333 McMahon, Robert 1989 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Perspectives 6: 243–259 Zarb, S M 1933 “Chronologia tractatum S Augustini in Evangelium Primamque epistulam Joannis apostoli.” Angelicum 10: 50–110 Index Note: Locators followed by letter ‘n’ refer to notes abiding, 59–60, 62–64, 67, 75, 87, 94, 111–112, 147 actuality and friendship, 41, 148, 151, 155, 159 and knowing, 118–125, 127–132, 133, 140–142, 166–167, 190n4, 191n8, 194n52–53 See also potency Aelred of Rievaulx, 173n5 affinity as basis of friendship, 39–41, 42–46, 47, 146–151, 154–155, 184n2, 177n3 as basis of knowledge, 81, 122–124, 127, 130–132, 142–144, 158–160, 194n53, 197n44 agency and deification, 140–144, 151–152 Divine and human, 63–68, 81–86, 91–97, 98, 99–102, 106–108, 122–125, 132–137, 139–140, 187n45, 196n12 and self-sufficiency, 3, 15–23, 25, 41–52, 81–82, 99–102, 107–109, 132–137, 180n35 another-self, 39–41, 47, 150, 154, 179n24 apologetics See love: as persuasion aporiai of friendship See friendship: aporiai of Aquinas, Thomas, 4–6, 36, 72, 79, 113 on deification and friendship, 138–160 on human enquiry, 117–132, 133, 136, 137 Aristotle, 4–5, 37–52 and contemplation, 48–52, 55–56, 68–69, 71, 118, 123–124, 133, 137, 156 as related to Plato, 41, 46, 133, 178n7, 179n16, 180nn32–33 and the structure of friendship, 26, 37–41, 46–48, 144–146, 147, 149, 150, 163–165, 190n13 Arnold, Matthew, 21–22 attunement, 16–18, 30, 33–36, 93, 176n43 Augustine of Hippo, 5, 72–98, 99, 109–114, 118, 145–146, 156 on the intertwining of knowledge and love, 5, 78–86, 91–97, 109–112, 112–114, 133, 135–136, 154, 159, 165, 167–170, 171 methodological considerations about, 73–75, 185n9 Taylor’s reading of, 14–15, 72 autonomy See agency: and self-sufficiency Index 217 Baudelaire, Charles, beatitude and participation, 123, 141–144, 145–147, 151–156 as proper end of desire, 82, 86–90, 118, 126–127, 139, 190n4, 198n48 befriending, act of as dependent upon virtue, 41–43 as disclosing Divine nature, 5, 61–68, 68–70, 72, 88–90, 94–96, 164–165, 170–172 as sentimentalised, 21–23, 33 See also wisdom: befriending of being-with (Mitsein), 25–26, 34, 189n78 betweenness, 104, 105–112, 133–137 Bloomsbury Group, 22–23 body disengagement from the, 15–18, 22–23, 49, 101–102, 134, 170 entwinement with the, 77, 117, 123–124, 129, 171, 194n53 buffering See self, buffered; disengagement Cavell, Stanley, 28 certainty, 3, 4, 15–19, 28–31, 134–137, 159 Christ See God: Son Cicero, 4, 37–38, 45–46, 173n5, 179nn18–20 confession, 93–96 contemplation, 47–52, 55–56, 56–65, 69, 78–86, 105–112, 125–127, 153–156, 156–160, 182n5, 198n48 See also knowledge; rationality control, 2–3, 4, 16–19, 28, 30, 107–108, 134–137, 159, 171 See also agency: and self-sufficiency; rationality: as control creation and the coherence of human action, 5, 28, 68–70, 71–73, 90, 109–112, 125, 151, 170–171 as continued in salvation, 63, 72, 140–144, 164 and human finitude, 80, 128–132, 133–134 and human knowledge, 112–114, 120, 122–123, 128–132, 153, 159–160, 195n7 and intimacy, 57–59, 62, 66–67, 90, 146–150, 196n15 and temporality, 94–95 darkness, 59, 65–67, 86–87, 96, 109, 159–160 deiformity of friendship, 83–84, 144–145, 151–156 and grace, 140–144, 195n9 of the mind, 50–52, 80–81, 84 promoted by longing, 87–88, 110, 154, 159, 165, 170 as response to the paradox of enquiry, 6, 118, 127, 138, 156–160, 170–171 Derrida, Jacques, 26, 32 Descartes, René, 14–18, 79–80, 98, 134–137, 174nn9–11, 175n23 desire See longing disenchantment, 11, 15–16, 19 disengagement definition of, 11 and desire, 3–4, 16–17, 33–4 discomfort within, 1–4, 28, 30–32, 35–36, 100–105, 115–118 establishment of, 9–23 internal incoherence of, 9–10, 24–32, 35–36, 112–114, 139, 161–172 opposition to, 4, 23, 30–32, 42, 71–72, 97–98, 99–105, 133–137 218 Index disengagement (continued) presumed neutrality of, 16–17, 28–32, 79–80, 100–105, 112–114, 115–117, 161–163, 166–170 Elias, Norbert, 20–21 embodiment, 15–17, 19–21, 123–124, 128–132, 194n53 encounter and friendship, 27, 60, 176n43 and perplexity, 57, 60, 79–81, 106–108, 109, 114, 133–134 and the purpose of rationality, 11–16, 30, 56, 101, 103–104, 106, 118–124, 138–139, 152–156, 157–158, 169–170 enquiry, 116–118, 119–125, 162–172 character of buffered, 1–3, 9–10, 14–20, 29–32, 48–52, 79–80 character of porous, 3–6, 11–14, 35–36, 42–43, 57, 59–61, 71–72, 79–86, 90–97, 109–111, 112–114, 119–125, 125–127, 156–160, 162–172 critique of buffered, 29–36, 97–98, 99–105, 106–108, 112–114, 116–118, 132–137, 162–172 paradox of, 5–6, 118, 125–132, 132–137, 138–140, 142–143, 156–160, 166–172 See also knowledge; rationality eros See longing evidentialism, establishment of, 15–17, 79–80 finitude, human and desire for friendship, 27–28, 32–33, 138–140, 154–156, 166–169 and desire for knowledge, 5–6, 118–125, 125–127, 132–137, 158–160, 166–169 fittedness in friendship, 27–28, 33–34, 44, 52, 71–72, 77–78, 148–153, 164–165, 176n37 and the telos of human life, 56, 71–72, 80–82, 98, 103–104, 110, 116–118, 123, 125–127, 127–132, 133, 164–165, 192n26, 194n53 Forster, E M., 22 fragmentation of community, 1–2, 9–10, 19–23, 23–28, 30–35, 164–165 frame, immanent, 4, 18, 30–32 Freud, Sigmund, 175n20 friendship aporiai of, 4, 23–28, 34–36, 37–38, 41–48, 68–69, 71–72, 138–139, 105–106, 163, 171–172 Aristotle’s three types of, 38–41 with Christ, 5, 62–68, 68–70, 71–72, 75–78, 88–90, 90–97, 99–101, 109–112, 112–114, 147, 149–150, 164–165, 169–172 as contemplation, 41–42, 62–65, 68–70, 71–72, 83–86, 87, 90–97, 97–98, 105–109, 111–112, 112–114, 144–156, 156–160, 164–172, 179n24 cosmic, 4–5, 22, 33–36, 41–43, 49–52, 71–72, 75–78, 83–86, 105–112, 139–140, 144–156, 156–160, 164–172 (see also love: economy of ) as exposing incoherence of disengagement, 3–4, 9–10, 23–28, 32–36, 163–172 φιλεῖν, definition of, 41–43 with God, 5, 50–52, 62–68, 68–70, 71–72, 75–78, 83–86, 144–156, 156–160, 169–172 and happiness, 41–48, 48–52, 105–112, 143, 144–146, 151–156 intensification of, 2, 9, 21–23 Index 219 friendship (continued) non-instrumentality of, 26–28, 32–36, 37–41, 43–44, 71–72, 77–78, 84, 108, 149–150, 163–164, 171–172, 177n4 as opposed to slavery, 62–65, 187n53 privatisation of, 2, 19–23, 34–35, 139, 163–164 sentimentalisation of, 2, 21–23, 24, 27, 32–35, 139, 163, 170–171 in tension with knowledge/ contemplation, 1–3, 19–23, 23–28, 32–36, 46–52, 71–72, 138–139, 164–165 of the virtuous, 38–41, 43–48, 61–68, 75–78, 83–86, 106–112, 144–156 See also love 62–65, 90–97, 97–98; as Truth, 59–61, 64–67, 92–96, 188n69 as source of human love, 62–68, 68–70, 75–78, 82–86, 109–112, 151–156 Spirit of Truth, 61, 64, 84, 86–90, 149–151, 158–159, 164–165, 186n38, 187n52, 187n58 transcendence of, 50–52, 55–59, 62, 68–69, 128–132, 145–148, 194n52, 196n15 grace, 75–77, 82, 84, 105, 110, 140–144, 147, 151, 153, 155, 170, 185n12, 186n40, 190n4, 195n9 grief in friendship, 27, 76, 86–88, 176n37 God as always present to the human soul, 57, 59, 62–64, 66–68, 83–86, 90–97, 99, 133, 136–137, 140–144, 165, 167–172 as basis of human knowledge, 48–52, 58–61, 63–64, 78–86, 90–97, 109–112, 118–125, 125–127, 127–132, 132–137, 156–160 Father, 56–68, 68–69, 75, 87, 88, 91, 95, 149–150, 164–165, 171 and the goal of metaphysics, 48–52, 55–56, 56–61, 121–124, 125–127, 127–132, 155–156, 156–160 love within, 50–52, 58–59, 61, 62–64, 66–68, 68–70, 71–72, 148–151, 164–166, 167–170 and self-knowledge, 58–59, 62–63, 128–132, 152–156, 159–160 Son: and Divine self-knowledge, 58–59, 62–63; as making friendship accessible, 62–68, 149–150, 164–165, 169–172, 186n39; as Revealer, 59–61, habit and deification, 140–144, 151, 155–156 and isolation, 1–2, 9–10, 18, 21, 23, 174n11 and virtue, 17, 39–40, 43–44, 50, 171 happiness as divided or unreachable, 41–52, 125–127, 128–132, 132–137, 180n35 as unified, 68–70, 71–72, 86–90, 105–112, 151–156, 193n35 See also beatitude Heidegger, Martin, 25–26, 34, 189n78 highest intelligibles as made available by friendship, 105–109, 110, 114, 156–160 and rationality, 3, 12, 45, 48–52, 55–56, 101, 105–109, 125–127, 133–134, 139 See also knowledge: and Divinity Hobbes, Thomas, 10 Holy Spirit See God: Spirit of Truth Husserl, Edmund, 25 2 Index Idea as cosmic, 12–14, 15, 42, 49–50, 79–85, 92–97, 97–98, 99–102, 103–105, 106–108, 119–125, 130–132, 156, 194n53 (see also highest intelligibles) as an internal representation, 11, 15–17, 29–30, 79, 97–98, 99–104 identity, relational, 65–66, 149–151 illumination, 59–61, 64, 67, 91–97, 97–98, 110, 130–132, 140–141, 192n24, 195n9 immediacy and contemplation, 60–61, 82, 106–108, 132–134, 141–142, 150, 153, 157–158 severing of, 3, 15–18, 101–102, 134, 170 impartiality, 24, 28–31, 34, 99–105, 112–114, 115–117, 134–137 See also knowledge: depersonalisation of incarnation, 59–66, 71–73, 86–90, 92–93, 170–172 See also God: Son indwelling, 58–61, 62–68, 72, 82, 147, 164–165, 182n10 infirmity, ontological disrupting creation, 59–60, 66–68, 109–110, 139–140, 143–144, 164 hindering knowledge, 57–58, 79–80, 92–97, 97–98, 101–102, 130–132, 133–137, 188n72, 190n4 injustice, 25–28, 32–33, 42–46, 81–82, 138, 176n44 Inner Teacher, 5, 73, 86, 90–97, 97–98, 101–102, 109–112, 113–114, 122, 165, 168–169 instrumentalisation, 3, 16–18, 27–28, 30, 101–102, 134, 171 interiority as interwoven with Divine otherness, 71–73, 81–82, 91–97, 97–98, 99, 99–102, 112–114, 122–124 as walled off from exteriority, 1, 3, 14–23, 71–72, 97–98, 99–102, 134–137, 167–168, 169–172 intimacy See love: and union involvement, 14, 16, 19–20, 22–23, 33–34, 42–44, 80, 100–102, 105–108, 116–118, 134–137, 139–140, 167–169 invulnerability, 3–4, 6, 10, 14–23, 27–28, 30–32, 136–137, 159, 167, 169 isolation, habit of, 1–2, 9–10, 14–23, 28–36, 97–98, 99–102, 113–114, 122–123, 165, 167 Johannine writings, 4–5, 55–70, 71–72, 112, 164–165, 167, 170–171 dichotomies within the Gospel, 65–66 reception: Augustine, 74–76, 83–85, 86–90, 91, 97; Aquinas, 118, 127, 145–147, 198n48 structure of the Gospel, 56–61, 62 judgement, rational,- 32, 35–36, 38, 79–82, 99–105, 106–108, 109–110, 112–114, 115–117, 119, 152–156, 156–160, 161–163, 166–172 justice, 26–27, 32–34, 37–38, 41–44, 52, 71–72, 75–78, 80–84, 138–139, 159, 163–164, 167, 171–172, 176n43–44, 178n15 and judgement, 58–59, 64–68, 68–69 See also political friendship knowing See enquiry; knowledge; rationality Index 221 knowledge as analogous to perception or encounter, 60–62, 82, 90–97, 102–105, 106–109, 118–125, 127–132, 157–160, 182n15, 182n18 competing meanings of: premodern/ modern, 12–17, 29–32, 79–86, 99–105, 106–108, 112–114, 115–117, 132–137, 156–160, 161–172; Aristotle, 48–52; John, 55–56, 58–61, 68–70; Augustine, 78–86; Aquinas, 118–125, 129–132, 156–160, 166–168 as dependent upon or identified with love, 57–61, 62–65, 68–70, 82–86, 86–89, 92–97, 106–112, 112–114, 125, 151–156, 156–160, 164–165, 168, 170–172, 197n34, 198n48 depersonalisation of, 14–15, 19–23, 175n23 and Divinity, 48–52, 56–61, 63–64, 78–86, 88–90, 91–97, 125–127, 129–132, 141–143, 156–160 impossibility of, 57–58, 80–81, 127–132, 141–143 incompleteness of, 64, 80, 86–89, 93–94, 96–97, 127–132 modern equivocation in definition of, 1–2, 15–16, 101–105, 115–117, 134–137, 169 as ontological relation, 72, 78–86, 86–87, 90–97, 97–98, 102–105, 106–109, 112–114, 118–125, 128–132, 139–140, 156–160 as related to faith (πιστεύειν), 60–61, 65–66, 80–82, 90, 152–154 See also enquiry; rationality life, 56, 59–60, 61, 63, 64, 67–68, 85, 87, 110, 133 light, 45, 59–60, 64–65, 86–87, 92, 94–96, 98, 107, 110, 123–124, 130–132, 153, 155, 182n15, 195n9 See also illumination likeness See affinity Locke, John, 17–18, 79, 134–135, 174n9 Logos, 59, 62, 63, 67–68, 92, 110, 182n4 See also God: Son loneliness See isolation, habit of longing and disengagement, 17, 29–30, 115–117, 134–137, 159 and fittedness, 5, 27–28, 32–35, 41–45, 51–52, 71–72, 118, 132–137, 138–139, 176n37 and human nature, 2–3, 57–58, 60, 67–68, 76–78, 81–82, 86–89, 93–97, 132–137, 177n4, 186n40–41, 190n10, 196n12 and reason or knowledge, 12, 57, 60–61, 64–65, 86–90, 93–97, 99, 104, 105–109, 118, 124–125, 125–127, 132–137, 138–139, 149, 154–156, 158–160, 166, 169–172, 187n57, 190n4, 193n35 and the stretching of the soul, 86–90, 90–97, 109–112, 154, 159–160, 165, 170, 187n57 love and accessibility to God, 50–51, 61–68, 71–72, 81–86, 90–97, 109–112, 140, 142–144, 144–156 as contemplation, 56–61, 61–65, 105–109, 151–156, 156–160, 198n48 and cupiditas, 76–78 as deeper than created being, 66–67, 68–70, 97–98, 109–112, 112–114, 164, 167–168, 170–172 economy of, 49–52, 61–70, 71–72, 75–78, 106–112, 112–114, 116–117, 132–137, 139–140, 144–156, 159–160, 164–166, 168–172 222 Index love (continued) as entwined with knowledge, 57–59, 62–64, 68–70, 78–81, 82–86, 90–97, 102, 106–112, 112–114, 125, 151–156, 156–160, 197n34, 198n48 and extasis, 150–151 in God, 50–52, 58–59, 61, 62–64, 66–68, 68–70, 71–72, 148–151, 164–166, 167–170 as guarding against deception, 85–86 and hatred, 42–43, 77–78, 83, 88 and instrumentalisation, 26–28, 32–36, 38–41, 42–48, 138–139, 176n45 order of, 5–6, 62–68, 75–78, 86–90, 93, 97–98, 101–102, 111–112, 133–137, 138, 158–159, 166–168 as persuasion, 99, 109–112, 112–114, 171–172, 190n13 receiving (being loved), 27–28, 32–36, 41–44, 59–68, 75–78, 109–112, 144–155, 164 significance of various Greek and Latin terms for, 38–41, 41–42, 73–74, 76–78, 144–148, 183n27, 184nn3–4, 184n7, 187n58 and union, 1–2, 9–10, 20–23, 26–28, 39–40, 49–50, 57–61, 62–64, 71–72, 78, 85–86, 106–112, 126, 133, 145, 147–155, 159–160, 170–172, 186n43 See also friendship; indwelling; longing MacIntyre, Alasdair, 46, 115, 176n42 madness, 105–109, 133 meaning, Taylor’s usage of, 174n5 modernity, epoch of, 173n3 See also disengagement; self, buffered Montaigne, Michel, 21 motion, 51, 60–61, 80, 82, 94, 121–124, 128, 130, 141, 143–144, 147, 150–152, 159–160, 170, 192n17 See also agency Nancy, Jean-Luc, obedience, 62–64, 187n53 objectification, 15–18, 101, 104, 134, 167, 175n22 paradox of enquiry See enquiry: paradox of participation, 5–6, 12, 14–15, 16, 34, 71–72, 84–86, 102, 104, 110, 114, 120, 122–124, 130–132, 140–142, 147–148, 151, 154–156, 159, 163, 165–166, 170–172, 192n23–24, 193n37 See also sharing: of reality particularity, 25–26, 32–36, 67–68, 71–72, 120–124, 131–132, 139, 159, 161–162, 165–167, 189n78, 192n23 perplexity, 60–61, 93–95, 130–132, 106–108 philosophy as love of wisdom See wisdom, befriending of Plato and enquiry, 12–14, 15, 17, 42–43, 49, 69, 101, 102–105, 106–109, 112–114, 133, 164, 170, 171, 178n7 Lysis, 37–38, 41–44, 46, 47, 49 Meno, 102–105, 105–106, 109, 170 Phaedrus, 49–50, 105–109 Symposium, 49–50, 105–106 Theaetetus, 180n33 Timaeus, 178n7 political friendship in Aristotle, 4, 37–38, 39–41, 46–48, 49–52, 71–72, 178n15 in Cicero, 45–46 Johannine, 64–68, 171–172 Index 223 political friendship (continued) and particularity, 25–26, 71–72 and privatised intimacy, 10, 14, 19–23, 33–35, 139–140, 164–165 porosity See self, porous potency, 118–123, 125–127, 131, 140–141, 194n53 practice of befriending, 9–10, 11, 20, 24, 26–28, 32–35, 42–43, 76, 163–164, 170–172 and reason, 5, 52, 69–70, 71–72, 73, 91–97, 98–99, 100–103, 110–111, 113–114, 115–117, 136–137, 156–160 disengaged, 1–4, 15–17, 29–30, 139, 161, 167–168 proceduralism See rationality, as procedure rationality and the analogy of encounter or perception, 11–14, 48–52, 78–86, 90–97, 118–124, 179n24 as contemplation (or θεωρία), 11–14, 37–38, 48–52, 55–56, 68–70, 78–86, 90–97, 97–98, 102–105, 105–109, 118–125, 125–127, 132–134, 151–156, 156–160, 164–172, 179n24 as control, 2–3, 16, 107–109, 134–137, 159, 169, 171 juxtaposed against control, 99, 106–112, 112–114, 132–133, 158–160, 171–172 as procedure, 3, 14–17, 28–30, 71–72, 79–80, 97–98, 101–105, 112–114, 115–117, 134–137, 161–164, 169–170 as related to virtue, 12–13, 38–41, 41–44, 48–52, 80–82, 93–97, 101–102, 138–140, 141–143, 156–158, 164–165, 168–169 as related to will, 2–3, 16, 106–109, 124–125, 132–137, 151–156 shift in definition of, 2, 15–16, 78–86, 101–105, 107, 115–117, 134–137, 169 reciprocity, 26–28, 32–34, 73–74, 83, 111–112, 114, 145–148, 150–156, 184nn2–3, 189n78 relativism, 30–32, 35, 113–114, 115–118, 136–137, 161, 166–170 representationalism, as contrasted with substantival reason, 11–16, 79–80, 100–105, 132–137, 169 Sartre, Jean-Paul, 25–26 scripture, theological reading of, 181n2 self-love, 38–41, 66–68, 75–78, 108, 155–156, 177n2 self-sufficiency See agency self, buffered character of the modern, 3–4, 11–23, 29–32, 71–72, 79–80, 97–98, 99–102, 115–118, 134–137, 161– 163, 167–169 and friendship, 19–23, 23–28, 32–36, 42, 69, 156–160, 166–172 as not exclusively modern, 3–4, 37–38, 48–52, 176n45 self, modern See self, buffered self, porous and love as knowledge, 68–70, 71–72, 79–85, 97–98, 106–112, 156–160, 169–172 as lingering in immanent attunement, 22–23, 34–36, 37–38, 163–164, 168–170 and the ontology of enquiry, 3–4, 11–14, 42–43, 102–105, 112–114, 115–118, 118–125, 132–133, 133–137, 139 Seneca, 38, 45–46, 180n35 Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com 224 Index sentimentalisation See friendship: sentimentalisation of sharing of agency, 47, 50, 123 of reality (sharing in) 59–61, 62–64, 67–68, 79–81, 105, 106–108, 129–130, 136, 142, 145–147, 166, 170–172 (see also participation) of sentiment, 21–22, 27, 93 sin See infirmity, ontological slavery, 20, 62–64, 67, 83, 108, 145, 187n53 Socrates, 41–44, 48, 52, 94, 103–104, 105–109, 189n2 solitude See isolation, habit of split loyalties, 24–25, 29–36, 167–168 spontaneity, 15, 17–18, 104 See also immediacy stance, 3, 11–14, 28–32, 51–52, 100–102, 112–114, 161–162, 166–172 stance, disengaged See disengagement Stoicism, 45–46, 48, 52, 68, 180n35 Stroud, Sarah, 24, 25, 26, 28, 34 subtraction stories, 29, 103 superstition, 29–30, 103 Taylor, Charles on disengagement, 2–4, 10–23, 28–34, 37–38, 69, 72, 79–80, 97–98, 101–104, 115–117, 134–137, 161–163, 166–169 and historiographic method, 174n6 theological language, insufficiency of, 58, 60–61, 63, 86–87 Truth, 5–6, 17, 59–61, 64–65, 67, 72, 73, 79–85, 89–90, 91–96, 97–98, 101, 109–110, 114, 119–120, 124, 156, 170–171, 182n8, 188n69, 191n7, 192n9 vice incoherence of, 39–41, 177n4, 178n8 virtue as basis of friendship, 4, 32–36, 38–41, 42–46, 46–48, 190n13 and coherence, 38–40, 102–105, 141–144, 164–172, 177n4, 178n8 definition of, 39, 75–78, 141 and perception of the Good, 38–40, 48–52, 78–86, 102–105, 105–109, 139–140, 151–156, 186n43 relationship between types of, 38–41, 48–52, 68–70, 71–72, 157–158, 164–165, 168, 177n4, 180nn26–28 vulnerability, 3, 121, 133–137, 155, 159, 165–167, 169, 172 Wallace, David Foster, 27, 32 wisdom befriending of, 1, 3, 14, 41–43, 49–52, 92, 105–108, 151, 156–160, 197n39–40 practical (φρόνησις), 39–41, 50–52, 177n4, 178n6, 178n8 word See Logos world blindness of the, 57–59, 62, 64–67 mind and, 2, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 25, 80, 97, 99–102, 122–123, 135–136, 152, 166–167 www.Ebook777.com ...Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com Friendship as Sacred Knowing www.Ebook777.com Friendship as Sacred Knowing Overcoming Isolation z SAMUEL KIMBRIEL Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com... Intimacy was thus severed from the activity of knowing as it was confined to the sphere of the private and sentimental, away from official public human activity Whilst I discuss various reasons that... Disengagement comes to be seen not now simply as Taylor would have it, as a life inside of a buffer in which all vulnerability has been eschewed, but as a life that has been half-severed even from its own