Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com CULTURE A N D SYSTEM IN FAMILY THERAPY www.Ebook777.com Other titles in the Systemic Thinking and Practice Series edited by David Campbell & Ros Draper published and distributed by Karnac Asen, E., Dawson, N., & McHugh, B Multiple Family Therapy: The Marlborough Model and Its Wider Applications Bentovim, A Trauma-Organized Systems Systemic Understanding of Family Violence: Physical and Sexual Abuse Boscolo, L., & Bertrando, P Systemic Therapy with Individuals Burck, C , & Daniel, G Gender and Family Therapy Campbell, D., Draper, R., & Huffington, C Second Thoughts on the Theory and Practice of the Milan Approach to Family Therapy Campbell, D., Draper, R., & Huffington, C Teaching Systemic Thinking Cecchin, G., Lane, G., & Ray, W A The Cybernetics of Prejudices in the Practice of Psychotherapy Cecchin, G., Lane, G., & Ray, W A Irreverence: A Strategy for Therapists' Survival Dallos, R Interacting Stories: Narratives, Family Beliefs, and Therapy Draper, R., Gower, M., & Huffington, C Teaching Family Therapy Farmer, C Psychodrama and Systemic Therapy Flaskas, C , & Perlesz, A (Eds.) The Therapeutic Relationship in Systemic Therapy Fredman, G Death Talk: Conversations with Children and Families Hildebrand, J Bridging the Gap: A Training Module in Personal and Professional Development Hoffman, L Exchanging Voices: A Collaborative Approach to Family Therapy Jones, E Working with Adult Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse Jones, E., & Asen, E Systemic Couple Therapy and Depression Robinson, M Divorce as Family Transition: When Private Sorrow Becomes a Public Matter Smith, G Systemic Approaches to Training in Child Protection Wilson, J Child-Focused Practice: A Collaborative Systemic Approach Work with Organizations Campbell, D Learning Consultation: A Systemic Framework Campbell, D The Socially Constructed Organization Campbell, D., Coldicott, T., & Kinsella, K Systemic Work with Organizations: A New Model for Managers and Change Agents Campbell, D., Draper, R., & Huffington, C A Systemic Approach to Consultation Cooklin, A Changing Organizations: Clinicians as Agents of Change Haslebo, G & Nielsen, K S Systems and Meaning: Consulting in Organizations Huffington, C , & Brunning, H (Eds.) Internal Consultancy in the Public Sector: Case Studies McCaughan, N., & Palmer, B Systems Thinking for Harassed Managers Credit Card orders, Tel: +44 (0) 20-8969-4454; Fax: +44 (0) 20-8969-5585 Email: shop@karnacbooksxom v CULTURE A N D SYSTEM IN FAMILY THERAPY Inga-Britt Krause Foreword b y Archie Smith, Jr Systemic Thinking and Practice Series Series Editors David Campbell & Ros Draper KARNAC LONDON NEW YORK Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com Figure 3.1 (p ) reproduced b y permission of Analytic Press from P Fonagy, M Steele, H Steele, T Leigh, R: Kennedy, G Mattoon, & M Target, "Attachment, the Reflective Self and Borderline States." In: S Goldberg, R Muir, & J Kerr (Eds.), Attachment Theory: Social, Developmental and Clinical Perspectives N e w York: Analytic Press, 1995 First published in 0 b y H K a r n a c ( B o o k s ) L t d , 118 Finchley Road, London NW3 H T A subsidiary of O t h e r P r e s s L L C , N e w Y o r k C o p y r i g h t © 0 Inga-Britt K r a u s e F o r e w o r d c o p y r i g h t © 0 A r c h i e Smith, Jr T h e rights of Inga-Britt K r a u s e t o b e identified a s t h e a u t h o r o f this w o r k h a v e b e e n a s s e r t e d in a c c o r d a n c e w i t h § § 7 a n d o f t h e C o p y r i g h t D e s i g n and Patents Act 1988 All rights r e s e r v e d N o p a r t o f this publication m a y b e r e p r o d u c e d , s t o r e d i n a retrieval s y s t e m , o r transmitted, in a n y f o r m o r b y a n y m e a n s , electronic, m e c h a n i c a l , p h o t o c o p y i n g , recording, o r otherwise, w i t h o u t t h e p r i o r w r i t t e n p e r m i s s i o n of t h e publisher British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A C L P for this b o o k is available f r o m t h e British L i b r a r y ISBN: 8 5 7 8 10 E d i t e d , d e s i g n e d , a n d p r o d u c e d b y C o m m u n i c a t i o n Crafts www.karnacbooks.com Printed & bound by Antony Rowe Ltd, Eastbourne www.Ebook777.com To Cecilia, Farra, Marigold, Nurun, Rabia, and Raima CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS EDITORS' FOREWORD FOREWORD by Archie Smith, Jr CHAPTER ONE Introduction I Culture a n d systemic CHAPTER TWO System CHAPTER THREE Culture CHAPTER FOUR Culture and system vii thinking VIII CONTENTS CHAPTER FIVE Information and experience II Cross-cultural clinical work CHAPTER SIX Connectedness and rationality CHAPTER SEVEN Choosing meaning: CHAPTER EIGHT Choosing meaning: CHAPTER NINE From Macpherson to ethnography APPENDIX: REFERENCES INDEX THE REFLECTIVE LOOP Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I w i s h to thank Farra Khan, who has worked with me with some of the clients and families about whom I write in this book I also want to thank my clients for giving me their consent to have details about themselves recorded and referred to here I have changed personal details as far as possible, but I am mindful that in writing about their lives I may expose them to consequences that neither I nor they can foresee I also thank Peter Gray for his suggestions and, finally, Ros Draper and in particular David Campbell for their encouragement and comments ix www.Ebook777.com 122 REFERENCES Hildebrand, J (1998) Bridging the Gap: A Training Module in Personal and Professional Development London: Karnac Hoffman, L (1993) Exchanging Voices: A Collaborative Approach to Fam­ ily Therapy London: Karnac Hoffman, L (1998) Setting aside the model in family therapy Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 24 (2): 145-156 Horton, R (1970) African traditional thought and western science In: R Wilson (Ed.), Rationality Oxford: Blackwell Howe, L (2000) Risk, ritual and performance The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute (incorporating Man), (1): 63-80 Ingoid, T (1986) Evolution and Social Life Cambridge: Cambridge Uni­ versity Press Jackson, M (1996) Introduction: phenomenology, radical empiricism and anthropological critique In: M Jackson (Ed.), Things as They Are: New Directions in Phenomenological Anthropology Bloomington, IL, & Indianapolis, IN: Indiana University Press Jacobson-Widding, A (1997) I lied, I farted, I stole Dignity and morality in African discourse of personhood In: S Howell (Ed.), The Ethnography of Moralities London & New York: Routledge Jenkins, R (1992) Pierre Bourdieu London & New York: Routledge Jenkins, R (1997) Rethinking Ethnicity: Arguments and Explorations London: Sage Kirmayer, L J (1993) Healing and the invention of metaphor Culture, Medicine & Psychiatry, 17:161-195 Kirmayer, L J (1994) Improvisation and authority in illness meaning Culture Medicine & Psychiatry, 18:183-214 Kleinman, A (1987) Anthropology and psychiatry: the role of culture in cross-cultural research on illness British Journal of Psychiatry, 151: 447-^54 Kleinman, A., & Kleinman, J (1996) Suffering and its professional transformation: toward an ethnography of interpersonal experi­ ence In: M Jackson (Ed.), Things as They Are: New Directions in Phenomenological Anthropology Bloomington, I L , & Indianapolis, IN: Indiana University Press Kogan, S M., & Gale, J E (1997) Decentering therapy: textual analysis of a narrative session Family Process, 36:101-126 Kohut, H (1971) The Analysis of the Self New York: International Universities Press REFERENCES 123 Krause, I.-B (1988) Caste and agrarian relations in North West Nepal Ethnos (1-2): 5-36 Krause, I.-B (1989) The sinking heart: a Punjabi commiinication of distress Social Science and Medicine, 29: 563-575 Krause, I.-B (1993) Anthropology and family therapy: a case for emo­ tions Journal of Family Therapy, 15 (1): 35-56 Krause, I.-B (1994) Relationship thinking: a paradigm for medical anthropology British Medical Anthropology Review, 2: 7-14 Krause, I.-B (1998) Therapy across Culture London: Sage Kuper, A (1999) Culture: The Anthropologist's Account Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press Kurtz, S (1992) All the Mothers Are One: Hindu India and the Cultural Reshaping of Psychoanalysis New York: Columbia University Press Laderman, C , & Roseman, M (Eds.) (1996) The Performance of Healing New York & London: Routledge Laird, J (1998) Theorizing culture: narrative ideas and practice prin­ ciples In: M, McGoldrick (Ed.), Revisioning Family Therapy: Race, Culture and Gender in Clinical Practice New York & London: Guil­ ford Press Lancy, D (1996) Playing on the Motherground: Cultural Routines for Children's Development New York & London: Guilford Press LeVine, R A., Dixon, S., LeVine, S., Richmen, A., Leiderman, P H , Keefer, C H , & Brazelton, T B (1994) Childcare and Culture: Les­ sons from Africa Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Lewis, G (1980) Day of Shining Red: An Essay on Understanding Ritual Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Littlewood, R (1991) Against pathology: the new psychiatry and its critics British Journal of Psychiatry, 159: 696-702 Littlewood, R (1998) The Butterfly and the Serpent: Essays in Psychiatry, Race and Religion London & New York: Free Association Books Maclntyre, A (1970) The idea of a social science In: B Wilson (Ed.), Rationality Oxford: Blackwell Macpherson, Sir William (1999) The Stephen Lawrence Inquiry London: HMSO Main, M., & Goldwyn, R (1984) "Adult Attachment Scoring and Classification System." Unpublished manuscript, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley Main, M., & Goldwyn, R (1985/1991) "Adult Attachment Scoring and 124 REFERENCES Classification System." Unpublished manuscript, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Malik, R (1997) "Depression Kills More than a Self: Concepts of Mental Distress amongst Pakistanis." Unpublished PhD thesis, University of London Mattingly, C (1998), Healing Dramas and Clinical Plots: The Narrative Structure of Experience Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Maturana, H , & Varela, F, J (1980) Autopoiesis and Cognition: The Realization of Living Boston, MA: D Reidel Mehta, D, (1997) Work, Ritual, Biography: A Muslim Community in North India Delhi: Oxford University Press Minuchin, S (1998) Where is the family in narrative family therapy? Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 24: 397-403 Minuchin, S (1999) Retelling, reimagining and re-searching: a con­ tinuing conversation Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 25 (1): 9-14 Minuchin, S., & Fishman, H C (1981) Family Therapy Techniques Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press Nadel, S F (1952) Witchcraft in four African societies: an essay in comparison American Anthropologist, 54:18-29 Nagel, T (1986) The View from Nowhere Oxford: Oxford University Press Nuckolls, C W (1998) Culture: A Problem That Cannot Be Solved Madi­ son, WI: University of Wisconsin Press Obeyesekere, G (1990) The Work of Culture: Symbolic Transformation in Psychoanalysis and Anthropology Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press Ostor, A., Fruzetti, L., & Barnett, S (1982) Concepts of Person: Kinship, Caste and Marriage in India Delhi: Oxford University Press Parry, J P (1979) Caste and Kinship in Kangra London & Boston, MA: Routledge & Kegan Paul Pocock, D (1995) Searching for a better story: harnessing modern and postmodern positions in family therapy Journal of Family Therapy, 17(2): 149-174 Pocock, D (1999) Therapist reflections—loose ends Journal of Family Therapy, 21 (2): 187-194 Race Relations (Amendment) Act (2000) London: Home Office Commu­ nication Directorate REFERENCES 125 Raffin, C , & Prata, G (1998) From methodological to ethical rigour Human Systems, (3-4): 203-212 Raheja, G G., & Gold, A G (1994) Listen to the Heron's Words: Reimag­ ining Gender and Kinship in North India Berkeley, C A : University of California Press, Roland, A (1988) In Search of Self in India and Japan: Toward a Cross- Cultural Psychology Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press Scarman, Lord (1981) The Brixton Disorders, 10-12 April 1981 Cmnd 8427 London: HMSO Schieffelin, E L (1996) O n failure and performance: throwing the medium out of the seance In: C Laderman &c M Roseman (Eds.), The Performance of Healing New York: Routledge Segal, L (2000) Why Feminism: Gender, Psychology, Politics Oxford: Polity Press Selvini Palazzoli, M., Boscolo, L., Cecchin, G., & Prata, G (1980) Para­ dox and Counter-Paradox: A New Model in the Therapy of the Family in Schizophrenic Transactions New York: Jason Aronson Shweder, R A (1984) Anthropology's romantic rebellion against the Enlightenment, or There's more to thinking than reason and evi­ dence In: R A Shweder & R A, LeVine (Eds.), Culture Theory: Essays on Mind, Self, and Emotion Cambridge: Cambridge Univer­ sity Press Shweder, R A., & Bourne, E J (1982) Does the concept of the person vary cross-culturally In: A J Marsella & G M White (Eds.), Cul­ tural Conceptions of Mental Health and Therapy Dordrecht: D Reidel Shweder, R A., Much, N C , Mahapatra, M., & Park, L (1997) The "Big Three" of morality (autonomy, community, divinity) and the "Big Three" explanations of suffering In: A M Brandt & P Rozin (Eds.), Morality and Health New York & London: Routledge Simon, R (1992) One to One: Conversations with Shapers of Family Therapy New York: Guilford Press Simpson, B (1998) Changing Families: An Ethnographic Approach to Divorce and Separation Oxford: Berg Singh, T (1955) English-Panjabi Dictionary Ludhiana: Lahore Book­ shop Sluzki, C E , & Ranson, D C (1976) Double Bind: The Foundations of the Communicational Stratton Approach to the Family New York: Grune & 126 REFERENCES Smith, B Herrnstein, (1997) Belief & Resistance: Dynamics of Contempo­ rary Intellectual Controversy Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press Strathern, M (1999) Property, Substance and Effect: Anthropological Es­ says on Persons and Things London: Athlone Press Strawson, M (1996) In deepest sympathy: towards a natural history of virtue Review of M Ridley, The Origins of Virtue Times Literary Supplement, 29 November, pp 3-4 Tamasese, K., Tuhaka, F., & Waldergrave, C (2000) Untitled Address delivered at conference on Institutionalised Racism and Social Jus­ tice: Therapeutic and Organisational Strategies, Institute of Family Therapy, London (2 June) Taylor, C (1985) Philosophy and the Human Sciences: Philosophical Pa­ pers, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Trawick, M (1992) Notes on Love in a Tamil Family Berkeley, C A : University of California Press Waldergrave, C (2000) Untitled Address delivered at conference on Institutionalised Racism and Social Justice: Therapeutic and Or­ ganisational Strategies, Institute of Family Therapy, London (2 June) Wallerstein, I (2000) The albatross of racism: Europe's oldest dis­ grace London Review of Books, 18 May, pp 11-14 Watzlawick, P., Beavin, J., & Jackson, D D (1967) Pragmatics of Human Communication New York: W W Norton Weingarten, K (1998) The small and the ordinary: the daily practice of a postmodern narrative therapy Family Process, 37: 3-15 White, M (1989) Selected Papers Adelaide: Dulwich Centre Publica­ tions White, M (1992) Deconstruction and therapy In: Experience, Contra­ diction, Narrative and Imagination: Selected Papers of David Epston and Michael White Adelaide: Dulwich Centre Publications White, M (1997) Narratives of Therapists Lives Adelaide: Dulwich Centre Publications White, M (2000) Exploring notions of spirituality and religion Con­ text, 48 (April): 5-8 White, M., & Epston, D (1990) Narrative Means to Therapeutic Ends New York & London: W W Norton Whyte, S Reynolds (1997) Questioning Misfortune: The Pragmatics of REFERENCES 127 Uncertainty in Eastern Uganda Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Winch, P (1970) Understanding a primitive society In: B Wilson (Ed.), Rationality Oxford: Blackwell Young, A (1995) The Harmony of Illusions: Inventing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press Zimmerman, F (1987) The Jungle and the Aroma of Meats: An Ecological Theme in Hindu Medicine Press Berkeley, C A : University of California INDEX B a l i , c u l t u r e , , 41 a b o r i g i n a l art, 34 A d u l t A t t a c h m e n t I n t e r v i e w , 19, 111 B a n k s , M , 26 A n d e r s e n , T , 12, , , B a r n e t t , S., A n d e r s o n , H , , , 56, , 1 , Barth, R , 26 anthropology: Bateson, G , 34-42 art, 35 cross-cultural patterns a n d communication, relationality, 10 universality of O e d i p u s 24 difference, 28, 34 Iatmul N a v e n ritual, 9-10 witchcraft, debates concerning, ­ information, 34 51 m e a n i n g , 4, - , , art, 34, 35 assumptions, digital/analogic, 78 complex, metacommunication, 16 67,102 c o n s t r u c t i v e u s e of, p a t t e r n s , 24, 6 , - n e e d f o r a w a r e n e s s o f , 101 slash mark, 35-36 personhood a n dculture, 39-41 v i o l e n c e , c o n t r o l , p o w e r , i s s u e e s of, see also d o x i c 29 experiences astonishment, 104 Battaglia, D., 39 a t t a c h m e n t theory, - , 22, 23, 30, B e a v i n , J., 10 , , , 111 B e n j a m i n , W.: o n explanations of stories, 33-34, see also c o n n e c t e d n e s s 35 atrunement, 52-53 H e r o d o t u s ' s story, 33 u n d e r s t a n d i n g a s , 103 information a n d experience, A y u r v e d i c p r a c t i t i o n e r s , 83, 86, 88 37, , 41 A z a n d e , 88 witchcraft, 50-51 Berger, M M , 29, 34 129 32-33, 130 INDEX B e r t r a n d o , P., 9, , religion, 86-87 B h a c h u , P., , responsibility, - B o g r a d , M , 13 r i s k , - B o o n , J A , shoplifting, - Boscolo, L., 44,103 superstition, 85, 88 boundaries, o fsocial systems, 25-26 uncertainty, a n d destiny, 81-89 B o u r d i e u , P., , - C o h e n , L , 83 B o u r n e , E J., Colour of Justice, The, Bowen, M , C o m b s , G., , B o w l b y , J., , communication: Brah,A., 26 connectedness, 50 bride, P u n j a b i client (clinical doxic experiences, vignette), 95-99 100-103 language loop, 35 m e t a c o m m u n i c a t i o n , 67, 102 Briggs, C L., 67,104 Brixton Disorders, The ( S c a r m a n reflective loop, 109 see also l a n g u a g e ; Report), meanings c o n c e r n , m o t i v a t i o n for joining a B r u n e r , J., 12, 3 Bunyole, Uganda, diviners, 42 system, 29 connectedness, B u r c k , C , 12 83,106-107 a n d rationality, - B u t l e r , S., Byng-HalLJ v 9 see also a t t a c h m e n t c o n s t r u c t i o n i s m , 19, 31, , 1 carer-infant relationship: a t t a c h m e n t theory, 19-21 constructionist therapy, 4,11,12, 13,16 a n d culture, 22-23 limitations, 102 i n t e r n a l i z a t i o n of, - , m e a n i n g a n dlanguage, 18 reciprocity, 2 a n d systemic therapy, , see also a t t a c h m e n t theory carers: and systemic thinking, 11,12-16 a n d s y s t e m s , , 31 of o r p h a n e d children, role of (clinical vignette), - as transmitters o fculture, 22-24 C a r r i t h e r s , M , 17 c a t e g o r y f a l l a c i e s , 110-111 Cecchin, G v 28, 44, 7 see also s o c i a l c o n s t r u c t i o n i s m c o n t e n t , a n d p r o c e s s , 31 context, control, 13-14 motivation for joining a system, 29 c o n v e r s a t i o n a l a n a l y s i s , 13 C h r i s t m a s , m e a n i n g of, C o o k l i n , A , 105 clinical cross-cultural therapy, a n dr a c i s m , ­ vignettes: attempted suicide, 81-99 Brazilian client, - 7 carers of o r p h a n e d children, role of, - destiny, 85-86, 8 cross-cultural patterns, a n d relationality, 10 C s o r d a s , T J , culture, 10,17-24 ethnographic questions, 60-77 a n d social s y s t e m , 16 k i n s h i p connections, 79-81, 89-99 a n d system, 25-31 l u c k , , 8 N i g e r i a n client, 53-58 Dallos, R., 9,45 obedience, D a v i e s , C A , 110 mother-child relationship, 97-98 P a t h a n c l i e n t , - P u n j a b i S i k h client, 81-99 deconstruction, thick description as, 76 D e l l , P F , , Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com INDEX destiny (clinical vignette), 85-86, 88 difference, a n d interpretation, 35 131 G e e r t z , C , , , 111 cultural patterns, 40 thick description, 66 DiNicola, V , 67 d i s c o u r s e a n a l y s i s , 12 Gell, A., 90 diviners, Bunyole, Uganda, 42 gender, control a n d relationships, ­ 14 Douglas, M , 88 d o x i c experiences, - , 40, 42, ­ 79, , , , 9 , - Gergen, K v 11,12,16 Giddens, A., r e f l e c t i v e l o o p , 114 G i l r o y , P., 101 risk a n d uncertainty, 8 Gold, A G , 90 D w i v e d i , K N , 33, 34 Goldner, V ,29, 30 D y c h e , L., 101,103 G o l d w y n , R , G o o l i s h i a n , H , 12, , 1 , Gower, M , E a g l e t o n , T , , emotional connectedness, E p s t o n , D., 12 Haber, R., 105 ethnographic questions, 59, 78,108, H a c k i n g , I., H a l e y , J., 110 Harper, D., 105 clinical vignette, 60-77 H a r r i e s - J o n e s , P., , reflective l o o p , 113-114 ethnography, 59, 78,110 H a r w o o d , R L M , 111 E v a n s - P r i t c h a r d , E E , - H a s t r u p , K., 104 experience, and information, 32-45 H e n r i q u e s , J., experiential learning, 109 H i l d e b r a n d , J., 109 expertise, 30 H i n d u religion, 83 explanations o f stories a n d paintings, Hoffman, L., "friendly editor", 12 33-34 perception a n d culture, 22 externalization, 58 Herodotus, story of K i n g Psammenirus, 33 Falicov, C , 9,101 f a m i l y therapy, a n d systemic therapy, 5,10 H o r t o n , R , 51 H o w e , L., 104 f a t e : see d e s t i n y h u m a n condition, and F i s h m a n , H C , , , fit, connectedness, 49, hypotheses, a n d questions, 4 F o n a g y , P.: a t t a c h m e n t theory, 19-20, 30, 36, social/cultural systems, and mother-infant relationship, 29 forbloffelse, Iarmul N a v e n ritual, - information, a n d experience, 32-45 50,102 104 I n g o l d , T., , , , inheritance, 90-91 internalization: F o u c a u l t , M , 12 of caregiver, F r e e d m a n , J., , transmission ofculture, 21-23 19-20,102 F r e u d , S , interpretations, o fstories, 33-35 F r o s h , S., I r i z a r r y , N L , I l l Fruggeri, L., 45 irreverence, 4 Fruzetti, L., 83 J a c k s o n , D D , , , G a l e , J E , o n M W h i t e , - , J a c o b s o n - W i d d i n g , A , 114 Gardner, D J a m e s , W., v 34 www.Ebook777.com 132 INDEX Jenkins, R., , , 26, 38 M a h a p a t r a , M , 39 joining, 28, 56 M a i n , M , 19 K h a n , R , Manyika, Zimbabwe, kinship connections, 43-44 Mattingly, C , 45 Malik, R , 83 clinical vignette, 79-81, 89-99 K i r m a y e r , L J., 5 , 1 , 114 M a t u r a n a , H , 28 meanings: kismat, 8 constructionism, 18 Kleinman, A., 55,101,107 definition, 35-36 c a t e g o r y f a l l a c i e s , , , 110-111, e x p l a n a t i o n s of stories a n d 113 paintings, 34 K l e i n m a n , J., 5 , 1 , knowledge, knowledge, 42 31 l a n g u a g e , 22, - and meanings, 42 as "more-or-less" patterns, 57 K o g a n , S M , o n M W h i t e , 13-15,42 K o h u t , G , I l l a n d patterns, 42,103 therapists' understanding, 42 K r a u s e , I.-B., 34, 37, 59, , , 1 c u l t u r e , , 17, M e h t a , D , m e n t a l i z a t i o n , a t t a c h m e n t theory, ­ 21 k i n s h i p c o n n e c t i o n s , , 81 linguistic competence, 110 metacommunication, O e d i p u s complex, 24 M i l l e r , J G , I l l p a t t e r n s i n society, 10 M i n u c h i n , S., 6 q u e s t i o n s , l e a r n i n g h o w to a s k , 37, 105 67,102 emotional connectedness, f r e e d o m , 57 K u p e r , A , 17 j o i n i n g , 28, 56 K u r t z , S., , o n n a r r a t i v e f a m i l y t h e r a p i s t s , 11 u n i v e r s a l truth, 56 morality, Shona-speaking L a d e r m a n , C , 104 Manyika, 114 L a i r d , J , 101 L a n c y , D , I l l "more-or-less" patterns, 26-28, 36-37, L a n e , G ,44, 77 43, language: 57,105,115 M o r g a n , K , 12 c o n s t r u c t i o n i s m , 18 m o t h e r - i n f a n t r e l a t i o n s h i p : see c a r e r ­ l o o p , - , 36, 56, 57, 67, , , 108, infant relationship M u c h , N C , meaning, 22, 27-28 M u s l i m religion, 83 social relationships, 24 L a w r e n c e , S , m u r d e r of, , , 52,101 N a d e l , S R , 54 L a w r e n c e Inquiry, 1-3,101 N a g e l , T , 57, , 1 L e V i n e , R A , I l l , 123,124 Naritjin, explanations of paintings, 34, L e w i s , G , 104 Littlewood, R., 101,105 n a r r a t i v e therapy, , 1 , , , l u c k (clinical vignette), 84, 88 limitations, 102 M a c l n t y r e , A , 51 see also c o n s t r u c t i o n i s m a n d systemic therapy, , M a c p h e r s o n , Sir W.: concept of institutionalized racism, 1-3,6 R e p o r t , 2, 3,11, Nepal, 51-52 neutrality, 28 Nilotic people, 50-51 52,101,112,116 see also S t e p h e n L a w r e n c e I n q u i r y non-rationality, 28-30 N u c k o l l s , C W , 17 133 INDEX obedience, mother-child relationship (clinical vignette), 97-98 R a f f i n , C , Raheja, G G , 90 O b e y e s e k e r e , G , 24, 83 Ranson, D C , 29,34 objectivity, 12, rationality: 49-58 object r e l a t i o n s , 19 a n d connectedness, o b s e r v a t i o n , a n d p a r t i c i p a t i o n , 15 non-rationality, 28-30 Oedipus complex, 24 a n d relationality, - , 107 o r p h a n e d c h i l d r e n , role o f carer of a n d witchcraft, 51-52 (clinical vignette), 62-65 Ray, W A , 44., 7 reciprocality, Ostor, A., , reciprocity, c a r e r - i n f a n t relationship, 22 P a r k , L , P a r r y , J P., recursivity, 102 p a r t i c i p a t i o n , a n d o b s e r v a t i o n , 15 reflection, 6, 20, , , - Pathan, client from (clinical vignette), 79-81, 9 self-reflection, 6, , , 1 reflective l o o p , , - 1 patterns, 24 relationality: c u l t u r e a n d relationaliry, 10-11 and connectedness, 49-50 and meaning, 42,103 a n d cross-cultural patterns, 10 "more-or-less", 26-28, 36-37, 43, , , 115 a n d rationality, - , 107 relationships, Penn, R , 29 r e l a t i v i s m , c u l t u r a l , 18 personhood, assumptions about religion (clinical vignette), - representation, a n d a t t a c h m e n t , 19 culture, 39-40 Pocock, D., research, a n d therapy, 7 police, a n d r a c i s m , 1-2 responses, culture as a system, 22 p o s i t i v i s m , 101 responsibility, role of carer of postmodernism, a n d family therapy, 10-11 Pragmatics of Human o r p h a n e d children (clinical vignette), 62-65 Communication ( W a t z l a w i c k et al.), 10 risk (clinical vignette) 81-89 Roland, A., 83 prasad, R o s e m a n , M , 104 P r a t a , G , 39, 4 Ryle, G , 66,107 p r o c e s s , a n d c o n t e n t , 31 P s a m m e n i t u s , K i n g , s t o r y of, 3 , Salvador, emotional connectedness, Punjab, client from (clinical vignette), S a m o a n culture, 104 81-99 Scarman, Lord, on racism, Schieffelin, E L , 104,110 questions: science, a n d culture, 18-19 a n d hypotheses, 44 S e g a l , L „ 105 l e a r n i n g t o a s k , self-reflection, 6, a n d reflection, 104^105 relatedness, 58 reflective loop, 109,110 S e l v i n i P a l a z z o h , M , 4 sexual attraction, b e t w e e n client a n d R a c e Relations A c t , 1-2 racism: therapist, 79-80 Sheinberg, M , 29 a n d cross-cultural therapy, - shoplifting (clinical vignette), Macpherson Report, 1-3,101,112, S h w e d e r , R A , 29, 116 Scarman Report, 83-85 Sikh religion, 83 client f r o m (clinical vignette), 81-99 134 INDEX S i m o n , R , 12 Tamasese, K , 104 S i m p s o n , B., 89 Taylor, C , attunement, 52 S i n g h , T., 8 theories, a s p o s s i b l e i m p e d i m e n t to slash m a r k (Bateson), 35-36 understanding, S i u z k i , C E „ 29, 34 therapist, role, 12-13 Smith, B H : therapy, a n d research, 7 l a n g u a g e loop, - , , 36, 50, 102,109 meaning a n dlanguage, 27-28 " t h i c k d e s c r i p t i o n " (Geertz), 66, 70, 78,107 as deconstruction, 76 reflective loop, T r a w i c k , M , I l l responses, 22 Trilling, L , 76 social constructionism, 80,101-102, 105 a t t a c h m e n t theory, 21 truth, 42-43, 76,101-102 tsika, 1 T u h a k a , E , 104 see also c o n s t r u c t i o n i s m social relationships: Uganda, Bunyole, diviners, 42 and racism, 2-3 U n a n i practitioners, 83 see also s y s t e m uncertainty, a n ddestiny (clinical social systems: a n d c u l t u r e , 16 vignette), - understanding: as non-rational, 29 as attunement, 103 patterns a n d routines, 105-106 attunement a n drationality, spiralling (DiNicolla), 67 universal truth, joining, 56 Stephen L a w r e n c e Inquiry, 1-3,101 Urry, A., see also L a w r e n c e , S ; M a c p h e r s o n Report s t o r i e s , s i g n i f i c a n c e of, 3 - V a r e l a , R J , " v i e w f r o m n o w h e r e " , 57, , 1 S t r a t h e r n , M , 10, 34, , S t r a w s o n , M , 21 Waldergrave, C , 101,104 S t r i c k l a n d - C l a r k , S., 12 Walker G , 29 "Style, Grace a n dInformation in W a l l e r s t e i n , I , 101 Primitive A r t " (Bateson), ­ W a t z l a w i c k , P., 36 Weingarten, K., 9,101,103 suicide, attempted (clinical vignette), 81-99 s u p e r s t i t i o n ( c l i n i c a l v i g n e t t e ) , , 8 s y s t e m , 9-11 W h i t e , M „ 6 , externalization, 58, 83 t h e r a p y s e s s i o n b y , - , , W h y t e , S R , a n d constructionism, 12-16 W i e n e r , J , a n d c u l t u r e , 5, 2 - W i n c h , P., definition, 36 witchcraft, a n d rationality, - levels of, 105-108 motivation for joining, 29 Y o u n g , A , 105 n e e d for therapist to k e e p i n m i n d , 41-45 see also s o c i a l r e l a t i o n s h i p s ; s o c i a l systems systemic psychotherapy, - Zayas, L H , 101,103 Zimbabwe, Shona-speaking 114 Z i m m e r m a n , R , 83 Manyika, Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com In this important book Dr Inga-Britt Krause takes as her starting point the MacPherson Report and its pronouncements on racism in Britain and in particular 'institutionalised racism Dr Krause focuses on the practice of family therapy and draws on her expertise as both anthropologist and systemic family psychotherapist to formulate a cogent critical evaluation of the field At the heart of her book, furnished with very useful clinical material, is a concern to identify the necessary conditions for 'an anti-discriminatory, non-ethnocentric and ethical way of working cross-culturally' In illuminating the way in which underlying and frequently unexamined assumptions serve to perpetuate institutionally discriminatory outcomes, the author outlines a model for the development of a culturally sensitised, questioning, and self­ reflexive practice This book will serve as an invaluable reference-point for all those concerned to avoid and eliminate institutional discrimination This is a bold and courageous book The author meets the challenge of working across cultures and the problem of institutionalised racism head on - with courage, integrity, and intellectual strength' Archie Smith, Jr from the Foreword lain Harris L o g o : Terry Berkowitz/Sidney Guard Cover Design: karnac books P e m b r o k e Buildings London, N W I O 6RE, U K www.karnacbooks.com www.Ebook777.com ... the natural stand­ point of our everyday world and inform our thinking and be­ haviour They shape meaning and ways of seeing Unquestioned and unexamined assumptions play out in our interactions... tools include the culture and context of therapy, culture as a system, and social systems that maintain as well as transmit value consensus, meaning, and behaviour Systemic think­ ing and cultural... failure in family therapy (Macpherson, 1999) I n this book I therefore want to bring the idea of "the system" back into the foreground of thinking in family therapy and I want to suggest that in cross-cultural