CRIME AND PUBLIC SECURITY Crime (n): an illegal act or activity Criminal (adj) Criminal (n) Synonyms: offender/culprit/perpetrator/convict/inmate E.g The government should consider the impositions of stringent punishments on criminals in order to reduce the current crime rate/incidence of crime E.g Petty crime which is likely to happen on an increasingly regular basis is more than just a moral wrongdoing, thus needing stricter penalties Victim (n): a person who has been attacked, injured or killed as the result of a crime, a disease, an accident… Victimize (v): make somebody suffer unfairly because you not like them Victimization (n) E.g Rape victims often have to suffer from severe trauma and may even consider the idea of suicide E.g Sufficient attention should be paid to victims suffering from post-crime problems physically and mentally Violate (v): to go against or refuse to a law, an agreement… = flout/disobey Violation (n) E.g Moral lessons should be provided at an early age to deter the young from violating the law and encourage them to good things against evils E.g Prison acts as a deterrent to make people think carefully before violating the law Guilt (n): a feeling of worry or unhappiness that you have because you have done something wrong; the fact that somebody has done something illegal Guilty (adj) Guiltless (adj) E.g The sense of guilt has a deterrent effect on people, impeding them from flouting the law Writing.tuhoctienganhthanhcong.com Page E.g His guilt was proved beyond all doubt by the prosecution Innocent (adj): not guilty of a crime Innocence (n) E.g After thorough investigation, he was ultimately declared innocent by the jury E.g The accused person should always be presumed innocent until proved guilty by conclusive evidence Offend (v): to make somebody feel upset because you say or something that is rude; to commit a crime Offender (n) Offending (adj) Offense (n) First-time offender/First offender (n): a person who has been found guilty of a crime for the first time Hardened/repeat criminal E.g His status as a first-time offender may help him to reduce the penalty E.g Despite being a first offender, the cold-blooded criminal deserved a death penalty for his appalling murder Track down/hunt down (v): search for somebody until you find or catch them E.g The police have tried to track down the notorious gang for a long time but to no avail E.g Prompt actions have to be taken so that terrorists will be hunted down, assuring public security Bring somebody to justice: to arrest somebody for a crime and put them on trial in court E.g Public outrage has been expressed over the fact that the murderer has yet to be found and brought to justice E.g It is the police’s duty to hunt the criminals down and bring them to justice Imprison (v): to put somebody in a prison Imprisonment (n) E.g The notorious criminal had ultimately been hunted down and sentenced to life imprisonment for murder Writing.tuhoctienganhthanhcong.com Page E.g The innocent man had suffered false imprisonment for 10 years before the truth finally came out 10 Restrict (v): to limit or control something Restriction (n) Restrictive (adj) E.g The new system of video cameras in public places aims to reduce crime but is believed by some people to restrict individual freedom E.g Parents should allow children only restricted access to the Internet to reduce the negative influence of violent contents online 11 Rehabilitate (v): to help somebody to have a normal, useful life again after they have been very ill/sick of in prison for a long time Rehabilitation (n) E.g The new proposals involve rehabilitating even more criminals for life after prison E.g The prison service should try to rehabilitate prisoners so that they can lead normal lives when they leave prison 12 Lenient (adj): not as strict as expected when punishing somebody Leniency (n) Leniently (adv) E.g A lenient sentence will have little or no effect on the criminals’ incentives to flout the law E.g The police and courts may be more lenient with female offenders 13 Juvenile delinquent (n): a young person (not yet an adult) who is guilty of committing a crime Juvenile delinquency (n) E.g Juvenile delinquency has been on the increase due to the insufficient care and attention from parents E.g It is believed that juvenile delinquency can be put down to peer association with ill-behaved adolescents 14 Impulsive (adj): acting suddenly without thinking carefully about what might happen because of what you are doing Writing.tuhoctienganhthanhcong.com Page Impulsiveness (n) Impulsively (adv) E.g It was his impulsive nature and a complete lack of reasoning power that led him into crime E.g An impulsive decision may lead to unpremeditated crimes with terrible consequences 15 Threat (n): the possibility of trouble, danger or disaster Threaten (v) Threatening/Threatened (adj) E.g The increasing crime rate poses a significant threat to national and public security E.g Terrorist threat has become a matter of public concern in many societies recently after the tragic case of Paris 16 Deter (somebody) (from something) (v): to prevent someone from doing something or to make someone less enthusiastic about doing something by making it difficult for that person to it or by threatening bad results if they it Deterrent (n) (to somebody/something) Deterrent (adj): deterrent effect Deterrence (n) E.g Financial penalties are applied to deter people from engaging in activities against the law E.g Regulatory bodies must implement harsher punishment to deter corporate crime such as bribery or air/water pollution E.g Longer imprisonment is believed to have a deterrent effect on crime rate 17 Trauma (n): a mental condition caused by severe shock, especially when the harmful effects last for a long time Traumatic (adj) Traumatically (adv) Traumatize (v) Writing.tuhoctienganhthanhcong.com Page E.g People with childhood trauma of sexual abuse may have to suffer from a lifetime of PTSD (Post-traumatic Stress Disorder), depression and anxiety E.g Victims of emotional and physical trauma stand a higher chance of contracting autism 18 Abide by (v): to accept and act according to a law, an agreement, … = comply with E.g The government has introduced some tough new laws on food hygiene by which food production firms must abide E.g Defendants have to abide by the definitive decision of the jury 19 Rampant (adj): existing or spreading everywhere in a way that cannot be controlled Rampantly (adv) E.g The government must put a stop to the rampant crime that plagued the country immediately E.g Prompt actions must be taken in no time to deal with the rampant crime in the society recently 20 Prevent (v): to stop somebody from doing something; stop something from happening Prevention (n) Preventable (adj) Preventive/preventative (adj) E.g Preventive measures should be implemented immediately to deal with the rampant crime E.g In the past years, preventative measures have radically reduced the incidence of crimes in the country Writing.tuhoctienganhthanhcong.com Page SPEAKING PART Describe a method to reduce crime in your country You should say: What this method is What kind of crime it targets How it should work And whether it is an effective method In my view, there are a number of actions that have been taken to deal with rampant crimes but I guess the most effective one is the enforcement of security in certain places In more details, in crowded spots which are often a potential place for pickpocketing, the increasing number of security guards can minimize thieves’ incentives to commit such a crime As a result, not only local citizens but also foreign visitors can enjoy their walk freely without constant worries about such a case For instance, in Nguyen Hue walking street, which is a dynamic and energetic destination in Ho Chi Minh City, security forces are set up to ensure the safety of the place, which proves to have a deterrent effect on criminal activities Another point I would like to add is that under the regular surveillance of the police in deserted roads which are reported to be the active location of snatch thieves, the incidence of crime is considerably reduced The policemen usually ride along these streets at night to make sure that potential victim will not have to become one This preventive measure proves to have certain positive effects on reducing the crime rate Nevertheless, I suggest that a more sustainable solution is to set up a close-watch CCTV system around the city to protect the safety of residents, especially those living in dangerous neighborhood or vulnerable victims such as children and females Writing.tuhoctienganhthanhcong.com Page SPEAKING PART What you think the most common crime in your country is? In my opinion I guess I would have to say that there are probably a number of rampant crimes in my country One prominent act of crime would be pickpocketing, which is a kind of petty crime to steal something, usually money, from other people’s pocket in public places As well as this a subsequent common crime might be snatch theft for the main means of transportation in our country is motorbike, which snatches thieves usually working in a group of two use to steal valuable items such as purses, bags, mobile phones from reckless pedestrians or vulnerable females The growing incidence of crime in the city these days pose a threat to people’s security in crowded spots, thus requiring prompt actions to be taken without delay What can be done to alleviate these crimes? Well I suppose that there are a number of preventive measures that could be implemented When dealing with the first problem, the easiest way to work it out would be to increase the number of security guards in public places so as to reduce repeat offenders’ incentives to take actions Taking on the second problem, the most successful way to confront this would be to set up CCTV system around the city along with the enhanced management of data on driver’s information In fact, not only can such a combination help the police hunt down snatchers in a brief manner but it also guarantees the safety of the innocent What you think are the main causes for the increasing crime rate in your country? In my opinion I guess I would have to say that there are probably a number of factors involved Primarily, one key motivation would be because the criminal law in Viet Nam does not have a sufficient deterrent effect, resulting in the increasing numbers of perpetrator violating the legal restrictions As well as Writing.tuhoctienganhthanhcong.com Page this a subsequent incentive might be because of the poor living standards and the growing unemployment rate Suffering from their destitute life, poor or idle people often make impulsive decisions when catching the sight of something valuable, and to make it worse, they may revert to the crime once getting too indulged in its seduction Do you think all criminals should go to prison? Well I suppose that there are quite a few clear benefits of imprisonment To be more precise, prison acts as a deterrent to make people think carefully before violating the law Nevertheless, I would probably say that only certain types of culprits should receive a jail sentence depending on the seriousness of the criminal act Primarily, one key motivation would be that first-time or juvenile offenders can be offered with lenient penalties such as reeducation and community service only as long as the crime is considered minor and they show a sense of guilt and remorse As well as this incentive might be because the higher the number of criminals sent to prison, the greater the burden for the national budget which is mainly constituted by citizen’s taxes Instead, this government spending should be focused on rehabilitation for inmates after jail Do you think death sentence should be abolished? It's universally accepted that there are a few moral hazards involved with death penalty Essentially, one fundamental concern is probably that criminals are also human who deserve the full rights to live and thus giving them a second chance to compensate for their wrongdoing should be a wiser solution than sentencing them to death This fact is unmistakably controversial because quite many claim that offenders causing mental and physical trauma or murderers must be deprived of any human rights the moment they commit such inhumane and brutal acts of crime My own belief is that culprits of vicious and unforgiveable crimes should not be given an easy death but have to spend Writing.tuhoctienganhthanhcong.com Page the rest of their life eaten up by the feeling of guilt and remorse for what they have done Writing.tuhoctienganhthanhcong.com Page WRITING Topic: Levels of youth crime are increasing rapidly in most cities around the world What are the reasons for this, and suggest some solutions One of the issues about which sociologists as well as educators have to be seriously concerned is the topic surrounding the problem of juvenile delinquency in a good few modern societies The truth of the matter is that the number of young offenders is significantly increasing in most cities, and the rate seemingly fails to slow down Certain proper actions, from my perspective, needs to be taken in no time However, before any measure is taken, it is sensible to look into the main causes It is a mere fact that nowadays, people lead a hectic lifestyle in which they are engaged mostly in professional work and hence leaving little room for family life, especially their children Consequently, the latter fail to receive sufficient moral lessons, thus making impulsive decisions which may lead to undesirable outcomes later on To make it worse, children without constant care from parents may get into unexpected tragic circumstances which lead to children’s suffering from trauma What is more, the fact that many young children have a tendency to commit violent crimes does stem from the adverse impact of various media, among which, violent movies and games need to be taken in account There can be different ways to tackle this issue, but the suggestions as follows can be of great help In particular, it proves very important that parents spend more time with their children, giving them advices or supporting words especially when they have to encounter psychological problems It is also worth noting that children’s access to Internet and other mass media should be restricted to a certain extent to minimize their exposure to violent contents At the same time, government, instead of imposing lenient penalties for the young, should implement stricter preventative measures and severe punishments to deter teenagers from criminal acts, and hopefully, this can make them become decent and law-abiding citizens Writing.tuhoctienganhthanhcong.com Page 10 SPEAKING PART What are some essential qualities every teacher should have? To be frank, I believe the first and most important characteristic of a teacher is patient Like, they need to be patient when dealing with different type of, you know, adolescent students… Secondly, teacher should, obviously, be a subject specialist Since it is their job to teach, to nurture students with knowledge, they are required to master in that specific subject Does everybody get equal opportunities to study? It is sad to admit, but frankly, I don’t think people have the same chances in studying Schooling requires money, you see So it depends on your financial capabilities…Some schools and universities are just too expensive Only a small fraction of people can afford to study there Moreover, I think it also depends on a country you live in, like, the education system you receive as well Why people choose to become teacher? Firstly, probably is because they feel that they are qualified enough for this type of job You know, for example, if a person is patient enough in dealing with different kind of people or, um, if they specifically expert at a subject, then teaching is a perfect career for them Another reason may lie on the fact that teaching is a stable job Like, there is no need to move to another workplace frequently and, also, the salary is very steady although it is, honestly, quite low Can students learn from computers? I guess yes and no, depending on how they take advance of it For example, if they use the computer to write their essays, assignments and get information through the internet In that case, I guess computer can be considered as a beneficial tool But when you use it for hours after hours to useless stuff 78 Tự Học IELTS Writing 7.0 | FB.com/tuhocieltswriting7.0 Writing.tuhoctienganhthanhcong.com Page 82 like, you know, video games or chatting, then I don’t think in that case computers are educational or even healthy Has education changed in the last twenty-five years? I think it’s changed a lot, although I can’t say that I, you know, absolutely sure what education was like twenty five years ago But definitely, the whole education system has, you know, revolutionized since then The first thing is, probably, you have many more opportunities to be able to go to school or even to choose your favorite subject comparing to that in the past And you use like different equipment, like computer and things, all these audio-visual teaching material I guess in that way education has changed a lot 79 Tự Học IELTS Writing 7.0 | FB.com/tuhocieltswriting7.0 Writing.tuhoctienganhthanhcong.com Page 83 WRITING Topic: Some people believe the aim of university education is to help graduates get better jobs Others believe there are much wider benefits of university education for both individuals and society Discuss both views and give your opinion The topic of the purpose of education has never ceased to attract public attention from the past until now, among which the components of university education seem to be controversial Even though it is definitely directed towards generating lucrative employment opportunities for the advanced students; there are additional arrays of associated benefits of tertiary education that are worth mentioning This essay will examine both sides of the argument Those who hold graduate degrees are regarded as highly qualified individuals since they own a means of better employability The first benefit can be seen through the attractive incomes they obtain Market researches in developed countries have shown that post graduates are able to command a considerable higher salary at workplace when compared to graduates or simple high school diploma holders Moreover, the specialist world of certain white collared highly respected professions In detail, those of physicians, engineers, scientists can only be pursued, after graduating from the respective university courses Furthermore, in certain fields like management, employees have a better chance of promotion based on their qualifications In this context it is worth mentioning that, apart from generating lucrative jobs for students, universities also contribute to the nation by creating educated societies, containing an immense pool of forward thinking individuals, who can contribute towards social development by their respective expertise For example, doctors and scientists research day and night with unwavering aims of finding cures for cancers, asthmas and muscle dystrophies, or engineers and architects craft and construct buildings that can withstand floods and earthquakes Individuals graduating from universities also additionally benefit from the multicultural environments that promote intercultural tolerance and brotherhood The process of tertiary education also 80 Tự Học IELTS Writing 7.0 | FB.com/tuhocieltswriting7.0 Writing.tuhoctienganhthanhcong.com Page 84 promotes teamwork and collective development amongst individuals Over and above, numerous long lasting friendships, business partnerships and courtships also bloom from the university campus life Finally, to sum up, it can be confidently stated that apart from generating respectable employment, there are numerous associated positive aspects of university education I believe that it opens people to better career opportunities but most importantly, it immensely aids in improving for a better society 81 Tự Học IELTS Writing 7.0 | FB.com/tuhocieltswriting7.0 Writing.tuhoctienganhthanhcong.com Page 85 TECHNOLOGY Technology (n): the practical, especially industrial, use of scientific discoveries Technological (adj) Technologically (adv) E.g Modern technology is amazing, isn't it? What this country needs is a long-term policy for investment in science and technology Transform (v): change the form, appearance or characteristic of something tranformation (n) transformational (adj) E.g The appearance of advanced technology in the beginning of the 21st century has transformed the society in various aspects E.g In the past 10 years, computers and the internet have transformed traditional offices into virtual ones Digital (adj): recording or storing information as series of the numbers and 0, to show that a signal is present or absent Digitally (adv) Digit (n) E.g Viewers can get more than 100 channels of incredibly sharp pictures with digital cable or satellite E.g A green light appeared on the digital display and the door swung open Electronic (adj): using, based on, or used in a system of operation that involves the control of electric current by various devices Electronically (adv) E.g Even with a load of electronic gadgetry, you still need some musical ability to write a successful song E.g He has learnt to play electronic keyboard for three years Network (v): to connect computers together so that they can share information 82 Tự Học IELTS Writing 7.0 | FB.com/tuhocieltswriting7.0 Writing.tuhoctienganhthanhcong.com Page 86 Network (n) E.g Our computer system consists of about 20 personal computers networked to a powerful file-server E.g I don't really enjoy these conferences, but they're a good opportunity to network Automatic (adj): An automatic machineor device is ableto operate independently of human control Automatically (adv) Automation (n) Automotive (a) Automaton (n) E.g These automatic cameras have a special focusing mechanism E.g The state legislature passed an act banning the sale of automatic weapons Machine (n): a piece of equipment with several moving parts that uses power to a particular type of work Machinery (n): a group of large machines or the parts of a machine that make it work E.g The different sizes of eggs are sorted by a machine E.g I got some chocolate from a vending machine Produce (v): to make something or bring something into existence Product (n): something are made to be sold Production (n) Productive (adj) Productively (adv) E.g France produces a great deal of wine for export E.g Red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow Advance (v): to go or move something forward, or to develop or improve something Advance (adj): happening, done, or ready before an event Advantage (n) Advantageous (adj) 83 Tự Học IELTS Writing 7.0 | FB.com/tuhocieltswriting7.0 Writing.tuhoctienganhthanhcong.com Page 87 Advantageously (adv) E.g The advantage of booking tickets in advance is that you get better seats E.g Despite the twin advantages of wealth and beauty, she did not have a happy life 10 Promote (v): to encourage people to like, buy, use, do, or support something Promotion (n) Promotional (adj) E.g Advertising companies are always having to think up new ways to promote products E.g It has long been known that regular exercise promotes all-roundgoodhealth 11 Facilitate (v): to make something possible or easier Facilitation (n) E.g The new ramp will facilitate the entry of wheelchairs E.g The current structure does not facilitate efficient work flow 12 Inform (v): to tell someone about particular facts Information (n) Informative (adj) E.g Do you have any information about/on train times? E.g I read an interesting bit/piece of information in the newspaper 13 Innovate (v): to introduce changes and new ideas Innovation (n) Innovative (adj) Innovational (adj) E.g Technological innovations designed to save energy E.g Innovation is crucial to the continuing success of any organization 14 Damage (v): to harm or spoil something Damage (n) Damaging (adj) Damaged (adj) E.g Many buildings were badly damaged during the war E.g It was a scandal that damaged a lot of reputations 84 Tự Học IELTS Writing 7.0 | FB.com/tuhocieltswriting7.0 Writing.tuhoctienganhthanhcong.com Page 88 15 Weak (adj): not physically strong Weakly (adv) Weaken (v) E.g It's not surprising you feel weak if you haven't eaten properly for days E.g The electromagnetic field strength becomes weaker as you move further away from high voltage cables 16 Health (n): the state of being well Healthy (adj) Healthily (adv) E.g She's a normal, healthy child E.g He looks healthy enough 17 Secure (v): protect something from danger or risk Secure (adj) Security (n) E.g The station was closed for two hours because of a security alert E.g The banks must tighten security against fraud 18 Violate (v): to break or act against something, especially a law, agreement, principle, or something that should be treated with respect Violation (n) Violator (n) E.g It was clear that they had not acted in violation of the rules E.g He claimed that the way he’d been treated was a gross violation of his human rights 19 Private (adj): personal Privately (adv) Privacy (n) E.g She has a small office that is used for private discussions E.g I caught him looking through my private papers 20 Isolate (v): to separate something from other things Isolation (n) Isolating (adj) 85 Tự Học IELTS Writing 7.0 | FB.com/tuhocieltswriting7.0 Writing.tuhoctienganhthanhcong.com Page 89 Isolated (adj) E.g A high wall isolated the house from the rest of the village E.g They tried to isolate the cause of the problem 86 Tự Học IELTS Writing 7.0 | FB.com/tuhocieltswriting7.0 Writing.tuhoctienganhthanhcong.com Page 90 SPEAKING PART Describe a piece of electronic equipment that you find useful You should say: What the piece of equipment is When and where you got it What you use it for And explain why you find it useful When it comes to a useful means of technology, the first thing comes to my mind is my iPhone, which is given to me on my 18th birthday My parents bought it so, yeah, it became more precious to me… Besides from functioning as a normal phone, which helps you make a call or text message to others, I can also surf the Internet and send email Moreover, you can buy or download several applications on the online app store, which includes some really useful ones like maps, games, social networking apps, music, videos and books These apps, you know, at some point, facilitate everything in my life More important, iPhone has the great security system, so I not need to worry about my private information been leaked out So, um, for so many thing rolled into just one small electronic device, this phone is really crucial, at least to me 87 Tự Học IELTS Writing 7.0 | FB.com/tuhocieltswriting7.0 Writing.tuhoctienganhthanhcong.com Page 91 SPEAKING PART What have been the most significant technological developments of recent years? Probably it is Internet It transforms everyone in the world into a, um, global village, where we can connect with everyone at any time It is, like, a marvelous innovation that marks the beginning of this technology era And nowadays, people can easily connect to the Internet from almost everywhere, and you can access to an unlimited source of information and knowledge Do you think we need to know much about computers? As much as you hate it or not, it is especially vital to master in using this kind of machine Firstly, almost everyone, nowadays, uses computer in their study or business, so you need to, also, catch up with this trend Secondly, despite from its drawbacks, like, no one can deny the huge benefits it brings back Computers help facilitate many tasks in people life That why, knowing how to use computers is just for your own good In what ways have these developments changed society for the better? Well, like I have mentioned before, they have bought people closer in many ways But there are also pros and cons First of all, some people seems to believe or even imitate, what they read, see online, which is obviously dangerous Then, many people spend too much time surfing the Internet instead of going out and socializing This leads to the losing of not only, um, the ability to communicate probably, face-to-face of that person, but also affects heavily on their health Are people in your country nostalgic about life before technology? Yeah, I think a lot of people feel so, not only the older generation Young people, too, are beginning to see that community is not what it was and that is largely due to technological developments Like, for example, when I and my 88 Tự Học IELTS Writing 7.0 | FB.com/tuhocieltswriting7.0 Writing.tuhoctienganhthanhcong.com Page 92 friend gather around, although we still talk to each other, we was distracted several moment to use our phone How effective is the use of computer in the classroom? Hmm… in my opinion, using computers in the classroom is very effective I think it is important for students to become competent in the use of computers to prepare them for the workplace … you know, computers are used everywhere in the workplace now But… I also think that having computers so easily available gives teachers the opportunity to introduce students to the variety of information on the Internet 89 Tự Học IELTS Writing 7.0 | FB.com/tuhocieltswriting7.0 Writing.tuhoctienganhthanhcong.com Page 93 WRITING Topic: Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships that people make? Has this been a positive or negative development? Due to the rapid development in the digital world, it is true that new technologies have had an influence on facilitating the way people communicate with each other Yet, there is still an argument of whether that impact will bring back benefits or drawbacks to human relationship In my opinion, there are both positive and negative effects Technology has had an impact on relationships in business, education and social life Firstly, workers can take full advance of equipment like the telephones and the Internet in business by interacting with people in different countries without ever meeting each other Secondly, services like Skype create new possibilities for relationships between students and teachers For example, a student can now take video lessons with a teacher in a different city or country Finally, many people use social networks, like Facebook, to make new friends and find people who share common interests, and they interact through their computers rather than face to face On the one hand, these developments can be extremely advantage Cooperation between people in different countries was much more difficult when communication was limited to written letters or telegrams Nowadays, thanks to the innovation of machinery, interactions by email, phone or video are almost as good as face-to-face meetings, and many of us benefit from these interactions, either in work or social contexts On the other hand, the availability of new communication technologies can also have the result of isolating people and discouraging real interaction Taking social networks as an example, many young people choose to make friends online rather than mixing with their peers in the real world, and these ‘virtual’ relationships are a poor substitute for real friendships Another factor that is under negative impact 90 Tự Học IELTS Writing 7.0 | FB.com/tuhocieltswriting7.0 Writing.tuhoctienganhthanhcong.com Page 94 of this trend is probably user’s health Spending more than eight hours per day looking at the screen will no good but weaken your own physical condition In conclusion, it can be denied that technology has certainly revolutionised communication between people in several ways However, by the same token, not all of the outcomes of this revolution can be considered positive Writing.tuhoctienganhthanhcong.com Page 95 91 Tự Học IELTS Writing 7.0 | FB.com/tuhocieltswriting7.0 Writing.tuhoctienganhthanhcong.com Page 96 ... impress the global people 35 Tự Học IELTS Writing 7.0 | FB.com/tuhocieltswriting7.0 Writing.tuhoctienganhthanhcong.com Page 37 36 Tự Học IELTS Writing 7.0 | FB.com/tuhocieltswriting7.0 Writing.tuhoctienganhthanhcong.com... something that is old or damaged and replace it with something new of the same kind Renewable (a) Renewable resources # non-renewable (a) Renewables (n) Renewal (n): the situation in which something... someone Do you think there will be more environmental disasters caused by humans in the future? I don''t think there will necessarily be more Procedures are always getting tighter so in theory there