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Chapter 5, Drug labels, package inserts, and references, teaches students how to find a wide range of information common to all drug labels and package inserts, then specifi cally how to fi nd information about oral and parenteral medications and medications administered by other routes.
Math for the Pharmacy Technician: Concepts and Calculations Egler • Booth Chapter 5: Drug Labels, Package Inserts, and References McGraw-Hill ©2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved Drug Labels and Package Inserts McGraw-Hill ©2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 5-2 5-3 Learning Objectives When you have successfully completed Chapter 5, you will have mastered skills to be able to: Identify on a drug label the drug name, form, dosage strength, route, warnings, and manufacturing and storage information Locate directions on drug labels and package inserts for reconstituting and diluting medications McGraw-Hill ©2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 5-4 Learning Objectives (con’t) Recognize different types of tablets and capsules Distinguish administration routes for medications Locate additional information in a package insert McGraw-Hill ©2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 5-5 Introduction Now that you have learned basic math, equipment, and drug orders, it is time to learn about drugs The drug label and package inserts contain information that you need to perform dosage calculations Be sure you know exactly what is on the drug label Be sure to read the fine print McGraw-Hill ©2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved Locating Information on Drug Labels and Package Inserts Drug name Form of the drug Dosage strength Total amount in the container Warnings Route of administration Storage requirements Manufacturing information McGraw-Hill ©2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 5-6 5-7 Drug Name Generic name = official name By law this name must appear on the label Trade name = brand name used to market the drug Levothyroxine Levothyroxine Sodium Sodium = = Synthroid Synthroid (generic (genericname) name) McGraw-Hill (trade (tradename) name) ©2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 5-8 Drug Name (con’t) Registered mark® indicates the name has been legally registered with the U.S Patent and Trademark Office Several companies may manufacture the same drug and market it under different trade names McGraw-Hill ©2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 5-9 Drug Name (con’t) You must know both the generic and trade names of drugs Example Vicodin® is a narcotic painkiller Generic name: hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen Other trade names: Anexsia®, Lortab®, Zydone® McGraw-Hill ©2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 5-10 Form of the Drugs Solid oral medications Liquids tablets, capsules, gelcaps, caplets oral, injections, inhalants, drops, sprays, mists Other ointments, creams, lotions, patches, suppositories, shampoos McGraw-Hill ©2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 5-30 Oral Drugs (con’t) You may break tablets to give a partial dose only when the tablets are scored Enteric-coated, controlledrelease, extended-release, and sustained-release medications should never be crushed or broken McGraw-Hill ©2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 5-31 Oral Drugs (con’t) Abbreviations such as SR, CR, and ER listed after the drug name indicates a special drug action SR = sustained release CR = controlled release ER = extended-release McGraw-Hill ©2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 5-32 Oral Drugs (con’t) Liquids Oral Solutions Syrups Elixirs Oral Suspension Simply Liquids McGraw-Hill ©2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 5-33 Oral Drugs (con’t) When you reconstitute a drug, you must write your initials as well as the time and date of reconstitution on the label McGraw-Hill ©2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 5-34 Review and Practice What is the trade name of the drug? Lexapro® How should this medication be administered? What is the dosage strength? McGraw-Hill Orally 10 mg/tablet ©2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 5-35 Parenteral Drugs Packaged as Single-use ampules or vials Single-use prefilled syringes Multi-use vials Small containers have small labels Difficult to read Often need to review package insert McGraw-Hill ©2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 5-36 Parenteral Drugs (con’t) Routes Intradermally (ID) Intramuscularly (IM) Intravenously (IV) Subcutaneously (Sub-Q) Inhalants Transdermal delivery McGraw-Hill ©2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 5-37 Parenteral Drugs (con’t) Dosage strength expressed as ratio mg or mcg units percent mEq McGraw-Hill ©2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 5-38 Review and Practice What is the dosage strength of the drug? 0.2 mg/mL What is the drug’s name? Furosemide What is the route of administration? IM or IV McGraw-Hill ©2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved Drugs Administered by Other Routes Sublingually (under the tongue) Buccally (between the tongue and cheek) Rectally Vaginally Topical Eye or Ear drops Transdermal Inhalants McGraw-Hill ©2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 5-39 Drugs Administered by Other Routes (con’t) Dosage Strength Varies according to medication Examples may be written as 0.2 mg/hr (absorbed over time through the skin) or 84 mcg (dosage per metered spray) McGraw-Hill ©2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 5-40 5-41 Review and Practice What is another name for the brand name? Answer: trade name What is the official name of a drug? Answer: generic name McGraw-Hill ©2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 5-42 Review and Practice True or False Enteric-coated tablets can be crushed and mixed with food False Answer: Capsules may be opened and mixed with food Answer: True McGraw-Hill ©2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 5-43 Review and Practice True or False You may administer a drug after the expiration date has expired if you not have any new ones Answer: False You can use as much solution as you need to reconstitute a powdered medication Answer: False McGraw-Hill ©2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 5-44 Drug Labels and Package Inserts Make sure you know exactly what is found on a drug label, and not forget to read the fine print THE END McGraw-Hill ©2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved ... drug label the drug name, form, dosage strength, route, warnings, and manufacturing and storage information Locate directions on drug labels and package inserts for reconstituting and diluting... where another form of a drug may work better, consult the physician or pharmacist about changing the form of the drug McGraw-Hill ©2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 5- 26... Rights Reserved 5- 15 Total Number or Volume in Container (con’t) Do not confuse the total amount of drug in the container with the dosage strength The container may hold 100 tablets and each tablet