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After completing this unit, you should be able to: Explain what Xrays are and how they are used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, compare invasive and noninvasive diagnostic procedures, carry out the medical assistant’s role in Xray and diagnostic radiology testing, discuss commo
CHAPTER 50 Diagnostic Imaging © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 50-2 Learning Outcomes 50.1 Explain what X-rays are and how they are used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes 50.2 Compare invasive and noninvasive diagnostic procedures 50.3 Carry out the medical assistant’s role in X-ray and diagnostic radiology testing 50.4 Discuss common diagnostic imaging procedures © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 50-3 Learning Outcomes 50.5 Describe different types of radiation therapy and how they are used 50.6 Explain the risks and safety precautions associated with radiology work 50.7 Relate the advances in medical imaging to EHR © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 50-4 Introduction • Diagnostic radiology • Medical assistant – Role during testing – Screening – Safety issues – Clinical diagnosis – Proper handling and storage of films – Preparation and instruction of patients © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 50-5 Brief History of the X-Ray • Discovered in 1895 by Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen • X-ray – High energy level – Short wavelength © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 50-6 Brief History of the X-Ray (cont.) • Diagnostic and therapeutic uses • Radiologic technologists • Radiologist – Performs invasive procedures – Interprets films © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 50-7 Diagnostic Radiology • Use of X-ray technology to diagnose • Contrast medium – Makes internal organs denser – Produces a clearer image – Types • Gases • Heavy metal salts • Paramagnetic compounds • Iodine compounds © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 50-8 Diagnostic Radiology (cont.) • Invasive procedures – A testing device is inserted into a blood vessel or organ – Requires surgical aseptic technique – Patients must be closely monitored © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 50-9 Diagnostic Radiology (cont.) • Noninvasive procedures – View internal structures – Uses the conventional x-ray machine or specialized instruments © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 50-10 Apply Your Knowledge electromagnetic X-rays are waves that travel at the speed of light and penetrate solid objects What is the difference in noninvasive and invasive procedures? ANSWER: Noninvasive procedures not require inserting devices, breaking the skin, or special monitoring and use conventional x-ray machines or specialized instruments to visualize internal organs Invasive procedures require surgical aseptic technique for the insertion of a catheter, wire, or other testing device into an organ or blood vessel © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 50-38 Storing and Filing X-rays • Keep fresh film on hand • Keep at proper temperature and humidity • Prevent pressure marks • Keep expiration dates visible © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 50-39 Storing and Filing X-rays • Use oldest film first • Open all packages or boxes in darkroom • Do not store near acid or ammonia vapors © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 50-40 Apply Your Knowledge What should the physician consider before ordering radiologic testing for a patient? ANSWER: The benefit-to-risk ratio How you store new and exposed x-ray film? ANSWER: X-ray film should be stored at proper temperature and humidity Packages should be stored on end and not stacked Great! © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 50-41 Electronic Medicine • Telemedicine technology – Rapid video – Computer-based communications – Uses include • Viewing medical images • Consults • Transmission of data electronically © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 50-42 Electronic Medicine • Digital imaging and EHR – Digital reader “captures” image – Advantages include • Better image quality • Faster results • Decreased radiation exposure © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 50-43 Electronic Medicine • DICOM – Standard for handling, storing, and transmitting information in medical imaging • Advances in radiology – 3D/4D ultrasound – PAC ~ digital storage area © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 50-44 Apply Your Knowledge What is DICOM? ANSWER: DICOM is a communications protocol for handling, storing, printing, and transmitting information in medical imaging © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 50-45 In Summary 50.1 An X-ray is a high-energy electromagnetic wave that travels at the speed of light and can penetrate solid objects X-rays can be used for diagnosis by producing images of internal body structures Therapeutically, X-rays are used to treat cancer by preventing cellular reproduction © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 50-46 In Summary 50.2 Invasive procedures require a radiologist to insert a catheter, wire, or other testing device into a patient’s blood vessel or organ through the skin or a body orifice Noninvasive diagnostic procedures not require inserting devices, breaking the skin, or the degree of monitoring needed with invasive procedures © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 50-47 In Summary (cont.) 50.3 A medical assistant can work directly with a radiology facility to assist the radiologist or technicians in performing diagnostic procedures Providing preprocedure and postprocedure care are duties a medical assistant can perform in a medical or radiology facility © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 50-48 In Summary (cont.) 50.4 Numerous diagnostic imaging procedures are used in medicine today including: angiography, fluoroscopy, MRI, CT, arthrography, IVP, KUB, mammography, upper and lower GI series, ultrasound, and cholangiography © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 50-49 In Summary (cont.) 50.5 The two basic types of radiation therapy are teletherapy and brachytherapy Teletherapy is also called external beam radiotherapy because an external beam of radiation is used to penetrate deep tumors Brachytherapy uses temporary radioactive implants positioned close to or directly into cancerous tissue to treat the tumor and spare healthy tissue © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 50-50 In Summary (cont.) 50.6 The greatest risk associated with a radiology facility is the potential for radiation exposure to patients and healthcare workers To eliminate this risk, certain safety precautions should be followed These include careful evaluation by the physician to determine the medical necessity of radiology testing, avoiding X-rays altogether if a patient is pregnant, and requiring all personnel who work in a radiology facility to wear a dosimeter © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 50-51 In Summary (cont.) 50.7 Major advances in telemedicine technology, including rapid video and computer-based communications of medical information, enable physicians to “examine” a patient in another city or country, view highly detailed medical images, consult with specialists in other cities, and supervise complex medical procedures Sharing records including actual radiographic images between facilities is easier with the advent of digital radiographic procedures and the electronic health record © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 50-52 End of Chapter 50 Words can be like X-rays if you use them properly-they'll go through anything You read and you're pierced.” ~ Aldous Huxley © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part .. .50- 2 Learning Outcomes 50. 1 Explain what X-rays are and how they are used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes 50. 2 Compare invasive and noninvasive diagnostic procedures 50. 3 Carry... noninvasive diagnostic procedures 50. 3 Carry out the medical assistant’s role in X-ray and diagnostic radiology testing 50. 4 Discuss common diagnostic imaging procedures © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education... part 50- 4 Introduction • Diagnostic radiology • Medical assistant – Role during testing – Screening – Safety issues – Clinical diagnosis – Proper handling and storage of films – Preparation and