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In this chapter, you should be able to: List and describe the four major classes of organic molecules; Explain: monomers, polymers, dehydration synthesis with the type of covalent bond for each; distinguish between monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
Warm-Up What are the classes of macromolecules? Give an example of each Draw and label the parts of an amino acid How are amino acids put together? Name the process and describe what happens Draw a tripeptide (Use Google for help) Label the peptide bonds Peptide Bonds Warm-Up What are the classes of macromolecules? Give an example of each type of macromolecule Ch Warm-Up Activity In your family groups, complete #1-5 on Activity 4/5.1: “How can you identify organic macromolecules?” Warm-Up What are the levels of protein structure? What bonds are formed in each level? Which protein was involved in the curds & whey lab yesterday? Explain what happened to the milk to form the curds and whey Chapter The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules You Must Know • • • • • The role of dehydration synthesis in the formation of organic compounds and hydrolysis in the digestion of organic compounds How to recognize the biologically important organic compounds (carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids) by their structural formulas The cellular functions of all four organic compounds The structural levels of proteins How proteins reach their final shape (conformation) and the denaturing impact that heat and pH can have on protein structure Monomers •Small organic •Used for building blocks of polymers •Connects with condensation reaction (dehydration synthesis) Polymers Macromolecules •Long molecules of •Giant molecules monomers •2 or more polymers •With many identical or bonded together similar blocks linked by covalent bonds ie amino acid peptide polypeptide protein smaller larger Dehydration Synthesis (Condensation Reaction) Hydrolysis Make polymers Breakdown polymers Monomers Polymers Polymers Monomers A + B AB AB A + B + + H2 O + H2O + III Carbohydrates • Fuel and building material • Include simple sugars (fructose) and polymers (starch) • Ratio of carbon: hydrogen: oxygen or CH 2O • monosaccharide disaccharide polysaccharide • Monosaccharides = monomers (eg glucose, ribose) Differ in • Polysaccharides: position & Storage (plants-starch, animals-glycogen) Structure (plant-cellulose, arthropod-chitin) orientation of glycosidic linkage The structure and classification of some monosaccharides Linear and ring forms of glucose Carbohydrate synthesis Cellulose vs Starch Two Forms of Glucose: α glucose & β glucose Cellulose vs Starch • Starch = α glucose monomers • Cellulose = β glucose monomers Storage polysaccharides of plants (starch) and animals (glycogen) Structural polysaccharides: cellulose & chitin (exoskeleton) II Lipids A Fats (triglyceride): store energy Glycerol + Fatty Acids saturated, unsaturated, polyunsaturated B Steroids: cholesterol and hormones C Phospholipids: lipid bilayer of cell membrane Hydrophilic head tails hydrophilic head , hydrophobic Hydrophobic tail Saturated Unsaturated Polyunsaturated “saturated” with H Have some C=C, result in kinks In animals In plants Solid at room temp Liquid at room temp Eg butter, lard Eg corn oil, olive oil Cholesterol, a steroid The structure of a phospholipid Hydrophobic/hydrophilic interactions make a phospholipid bilayer ... form the curds and whey Chapter The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules You Must Know • • • • • The role of dehydration synthesis in the formation of organic compounds and hydrolysis...Peptide Bonds Warm-Up What are the classes of macromolecules? Give an example of each type of macromolecule Ch Warm-Up Activity In your family groups, complete # 1 -5 on Activity 4 /5. 1: “How can you... macromolecules?” Warm-Up What are the levels of protein structure? What bonds are formed in each level? Which protein was involved in the curds & whey lab yesterday? Explain what happened to the