Test Bank for Organizational Behavior 14th Edition Test Bank for Organizational Behavior 14th Edition by Newstrom Multiple Choice Questions Which of the following statements is a fundamental element of the systems approach to organizational behavior? A) Systems generally require inputs and produce outputs B) Systems produce both intended and unintended consequences C) The consequences of systems should be examined on both a short-term and long-term basis D) All of the above When an organization’s goals and actions are ethical, _ objectives are more likely to be met A) individual B) organizational C) social D) all of the above Which of the following challenges confronting organizational behavior addresses the issues of shrinking demand, scarce resources, and more intense competition? A) Varying environments B) Managerial practice C) Definitional confusion D) Seeking quick fixes A cost-benefit analysis: A) determines whether potential actions will have a net positive or net negative effect B) forces managers to merely look at the immediate implications of their actions C) is done to arrive at a point where costs and revenues become equal D) is a statistical process that helps determine relationships among several variables _ means that people tend to pay attention to those features of their work environment that are consistent with or reinforce their own expectations A) Selective perception B) Bandwagon effect C) Subjective validation D) Behavioral bias _ asks managers to set aside some of the things they think they know and become totally committed to a rigorous collection of facts and combine these with relevant research A) Evidence-based management B) Selective perception C) Law of individual differences D) Cost-benefit analysis According to the _, all parts of an organization interact in a complex relationship A) systems approach B) results-oriented approach C) human resources approach D) contingency approach Which of the following statements is true of the external environment? A) It provides competition for resources and power B) It influences the attitudes of people C) It affects working conditions D) All of the above Holistic organizational behavior interprets people-organizational relationships in terms of the _ A) whole person B) whole group C) whole social system D) all of the above Which of the following terms represents a continuing challenge to organizational behavior and talks about managers embracing the newest fad to address the symptoms while neglecting underlying problems, or fragmenting their efforts within the firm? A) Varying environment B) Managerial practice C) Definitional confusion D) Seeking quick fixes Organizations need people, and people need organizations This relationship is formed and maintained on the basis of some _ among the participants A) selective perceptions B) individual differences C) mutuality of interest D) behavioral biases Which of the following concepts regarding the nature of people deals with people’s unique ways of seeing and interpreting things around them? A) Acculturation B) Motivated behavior C) Desire for involvement D) Perception _ is the process of gathering and interpreting relevant evidence that will either support a behavioral theory or help change it A) Selective perception B) Documentation C) Research D) Testing Which of the following concepts implies that for any situation there is an optimum amount of a desirable practice, such as recognition or participation? A) Focalism B) Behavioral bias C) The law of diminishing returns D) The law of individual differences The first objective of organizational behavior is to: A) understand why people behave as they B) predict future employee behavior C) describe, systematically, how people behave under a variety of conditions D) control, at least partially, and develop some human activity at work The _ can help managers know under what conditions they should choose one behavioral approach over another A) human resources approach B) contingency approach C) results-oriented approach D) systems approach _ defines the formal relationship and use of people in organizations A) Scheme B) Structure C) Hierarchy D) Both A and C The two basic ways for management to motivate people include: A) showing how certain actions will increase their need fulfillment B) threatening decreased need fulfillment if they follow an undesirable course of action 3 C) ensuring needs are being fulfilled regardless of organizational constraints D) A and B only When organizations _, stress and conflict increase A) stagnate B) decline C) have their survival threatened D) all of the above Which of the following statements is NOT true about good theories? A) They contribute to individuals’ understanding of organizational behavior B) They seldom identify variables C) They provide guidelines for managerial action D) They address significant behavioral issues Which of the following is NOT a fundamental element of the systems approach to organizational behavior? A) The parts of a system are independent of each other B) There are many subsystems contained within larger systems C) Systems may produce both positive and negative results D) The consequences of systems should be examined on both a short-term and long-term basis Which of the following statements is true of the human resources approach to organizational behavior? A) It assumes that different managerial behaviors are required by different environments for effectiveness 2 B) It ensures that management is directive and controlling C) It requires managers to decide what should be done and then closely control employees to ensure task performance D) It tries to create a climate in which employees may contribute to the limits of their improved abilities The interaction of motivation and ability determines a person’s _ in any activity A) knowledge B) skill C) potential performance D) all of the above Knowledge × skill = _ A) ability B) motivation C) potential human performance D) organizational results Which of the following limitations of organizational behavior states that concern for employees can be so greatly overdone that the original purpose of bringing people together—productive organizational outputs for society—is lost? A) Behavioral targeting B) Behavioral bias C) Law of diminishing returns D) Law of individual differences Theory and research form a natural foundation for _, which is the conscious application of conceptual models and research results in order to improve individual and organizational performance at work A) speculation B) morale C) attitude D) practice The _ toward organizational behavior means that different situations require different behavioral practices for greatest effectiveness A) human resources approach B) contingency approach C) results-oriented approach D) systems approach _ is the capacity of a system to endure across time and this presents a difficult challenge to organizations, which must balance environmental, social, and economic demands A) Flexibility B) Sustainability C) Contingency D) Productivity The potential for human performance has to be combined with _ and opportunity to get organizational results A) resources B) behavior C) ability D) perception _ helps us better understand how the major ideas in organizational behavior evolved over time A) Selective perception B) Research C) Practice D) None of the above 20 Free Test Bank for Organizational Behavior 14th Edition by Newstrom True - False Questions According to the results-oriented approach, if fewer inputs are used to produce the same amount of outputs, productivity decreases True False Technology’s greatest benefits are that it allows people to more and better work, and it does not restrict people True False Organizations can be viewed and managed as whole systems that have interorganizational relationships True False The human relations approach to organizational behavior discourages the practice of making universal assumptions about people True False Theories identify important variables and link them to form tentative propositions that can be tested through research True False The automatic acceptance of authority by employees has increased over the last few years True False Workforce diversity does not present any challenges for managers in an organization True False Organizations need to treat employees in an ethical manner in order to attract and retain valuable employees True False Many companies are urging their managers to deal with diversity by demonstrating openness, confidence, compassion, and vulnerability True False Theories consist of processes to gather and interpret relevant evidence that will either support a behavioral theory or help change it True False When perceiving things, people use an organized framework that they have built out of a lifetime of experiences and accumulated values True False The role of managers is to use organizational behavior to help achieve individual, organizational, and societal goals True False In the human resources approach, managers decide what should be done and then closely control employees to ensure task performance True False According to the law of diminishing returns, organizational effectiveness can be achieved by maximizing just one human variable True False Organizational behavior starts with a set of fundamental concepts revolving around the nature of people and organizations True False Without ethical leadership, the new knowledge learned about people becomes a dangerous instrument for possible misuse True False Organizational behavior avoids matters relating to interpersonal relationships due to the complexities involved in understanding them True False Activities within organizations are governed by social as well as psychological laws True False A manager who ignores the needs of people as consumers of organizational outputs while championing employee needs is misapplying the ideas of organizational behavior True False Individual differences require that a manager’s approach to employees be individual, not statistical True False 10 Free Test Bank for Organizational Behavior 14th Edition by Newstrom Free Text Questions Explain the concept of perception Answer Given Perception refers to how people look at the world and see things differently Even when presented with the same object, two people may view it in two different ways Their view of their objective environment is filtered by perception, which is the unique way in which each person sees, organizes, and interprets things What are the principles of ethical leadership? Answer Given Ethical leadership recognizes three principles: (a) Social responsibility— Responsibility to others arises whenever people have power in an organization; (b) Open communication—The organization will operate as a two-way open system, with open receipt of inputs from people and open disclosure of its operations to them; (c) Cost-benefit analysis—In addition to economic costs and benefits, human and social costs and benefits of an activity will be analyzed in determining whether to proceed with the activity How ethics help an organization in meeting its goals? Answer Given When an organization’s goals and actions are ethical, it is more likely that individual, organizational, and social objectives will be met People find more satisfaction in work when there is cooperation and teamwork They are learning, growing, and contributing The organization is also more successful because it operates more effectively Quality is better, service is improved, and costs are reduced Describe why results orientation is a common thread woven through organization behavior Answer Given All organizations need to achieve some relevant outcomes, or results A dominant goal for many is to be productive, so this results orientation is a common thread woven through organizational behavior What are the four goals of organizational behavior? Answer Given The first objective of organizational behavior is to describe, systematically, how people behave under a variety of conditions The second goal is to understand why people behave as they Predicting future employee behavior is another goal And, the final goal of organizational behavior is to control, at least partially, and develop some human activity at work Why people deserve to be treated differently from other factors of production, such as land, capital, and technology? Answer Given People deserve to be treated differently from other factors of production because they are of a higher order in the universe Because of this distinction, they want to be treated with care, respect, and dignity, and they increasingly demand such treatment from their employers They want to be valued for their skills and abilities, be provided with opportunities to develop themselves, and be given reasonable chances to make meaningful contributions According to the results-oriented approach, what role does organizational behavior play in creating organizational results? Answer Given The role that organizational behavior plays in creating organizational results is illustrated by a set of factors and the relationships between the factors: (a) Knowledge × skill = ability; (b) Attitude × situation = motivation; (c) Ability × motivation = potential human performance; (d) Potential performance × resources × opportunity = organizational results Define the three keys to success in the field of organizational behavior Answer Given The three keys to success in the field of organizational behavior are as follows Theories offer explanations of how and why people think, feel, and act as they Theories identify important variables and link them to form tentative propositions that can be tested through research Research is the process of gathering and interpreting relevant evidence that will either support a behavioral theory or help change it This is an ongoing process through which valuable behavioral knowledge is continually uncovered Practice is the conscious application of conceptual models and research results in order to improve individual and organizational performance at work Explain the economic law of diminishing returns Answer Given In economics, the law of diminishing returns refers to a declining amount of extra outputs when more of a desirable input is added to an economic situation After a certain point, the output from each unit of added input tends to become smaller The added output may reach zero or lower when more units of input are added Why is the human resources approach often called the supportive approach? Answer Given The human resources approach is supportive It helps employees become better, more responsible people, and then it tries to create a climate in which they may contribute to the limits of their improved abilities The manager’s primary role changes from control of employees to active support of their growth and performance ... major ideas in organizational behavior evolved over time A) Selective perception B) Research C) Practice D) None of the above 20 Free Test Bank for Organizational Behavior 14th Edition by Newstrom... manager’s approach to employees be individual, not statistical True False 10 Free Test Bank for Organizational Behavior 14th Edition by Newstrom Free Text Questions Explain the concept of perception... is a common thread woven through organizational behavior What are the four goals of organizational behavior? Answer Given The first objective of organizational behavior is to describe, systematically,