MỘT SỐ KINH NGHIỆM DẠY KỸ NĂNG LÀM BÀI TẬP ĐỌC HIỂU MÔN TIẾNG ANH CHO ĐỘI TUYỂN HỌC SINH GIỎI Trong đọc hiểu có nhiều dạng tập thiết kế để kiểm tra kỹ đọc hiểu đọc học sinh Tuy nhiên viết tác giả đề cập đến dạng chủ yếu là: + True/False/Not Given + Matching Headings/ summarizing + Gapped Text + Multiple choices + Fill in the blank with a suitable word 1.1.1 Dạng 1: True/False/Not Given Đây dạng đọc khó tạo phân loại thực khả đọc hiểu Vậy làm để vượt qua dạng này? Trước tiên, giáo viên cần phải cho học sinh biết có dạng câu hỏi cho loại này: True/False/Not Given: dạng học sinh cần dựa vào thực tế (facts) có Yes/No/Not Given: dạng học sinh cần suy luận ý kiến tác giả Trong dạng học sinh cần xác định mối quan hệ thông tin thông tin câu hỏi Cần ý làm dạng Yes/No/Not Given, học sinh cần xác định xem ý kiến tác nào, tìm kiếm facts Chiến lược Để hoàn thành tốt dạng này, học sinh cần phải diễn giải đọc câu hỏi Do giáo viên phải cho học sinh đọc kỹ cố gắng hiểu rõ ý tứ tác giả Đối với dạng này, skimming & scanning chiến thuật không thực phù hợp Vấn đề lớn – Not Given Lựa chọn ‘Not Given’chính thứ làm phức tạp hóa vấn đề lên hết cỡ Giải nào? Chúng ta cần biết: ‘Not Given’ nghĩa thông tin Thông thường thông tin câu ‘Not Given’ xuất đọc, thông tin không dùng để trả lời câu hỏi Học sinh không đoán hay diễn giải thông tin mà người đọc cho Sự tồn thông tin nằm đọc, không nghĩ xa Lỗi – tập trung vào key words Hình dung tình này: giáo viên phải cho học sinh nhìn thấy từ câu hỏi ướm thẳng với từ tương tự – từ – học sinh tìm thấy đọc Ví dụ Paragraph: It is a sad fact that many women who take maternity leave find themselves stepping off the career ladder, even though they fully intend to full-time work after their maternity leave is over For some this is no hardship and for those who wish to return to work there is no issue as they have legal protection The problem category is those who are in two minds about what to These need to sit down and ask themselves some hard questions: Do I wish to return to full-time employment? What are about working from home? Would I benefit from doing a second degree? Question: The writer claims that women on maternity leave often consider entering some form of further education because they are unsure of their career path Nếu tập trung vào key words, khả cao trả lời sai: “The writer claims that women on maternity leave often consider entering some form of further education because they are unsure of their career path“ Khi gạch chân key words, trả lời “Yes” có xu hướng kết nối cụm với cụm có đọc: “women who take maternity leave”, “women in two minds about what to do” “Would I benefit from doing a second degree?” Câu trả lời sai Các bạn thấy thông tin đọc tác giả “cho rằng” (claim) người phụ nữ “thường” (often) làm điều Tác giả nói người “cần” (need) làm Để trả lời đúng, cách bạn đọc kỹ toàn câu hỏi Answer: Not Given Một vài thủ thuật - Đọc kỹ hiểu toàn câu hỏi, không tập trung vào key words - Rất cẩn thận với Adverbs of Frequency (often, sometimes…), Adverbs of Possibility (probably, likely…), Quantifiers (some, many…) Modal Verbs (can, should, must…) chúng thay đổi hoàn toàn ý nghĩa câu hỏi so với đọc - Cẩn thận với câu hỏi dạng “The author says/believes…”, lúc không xét đến facts có mà cần nghĩ đến ý kiến tác giả - Các câu hỏi theo thứ tự xuất đọc (ít thời điểm này) Nếu bạn không tìm thấy thông tin cho câu 2, bạn ước lượng khoảng thông tin câu - Không nhiều thời gian cho câu hỏi Nếu câu trả lời ‘Not Given’, nhiều chẳng có thông tin hết Do đó, bạn phút, thử điền ‘Not Given’ Trình tự làm - Đọc lượt Hãy bảo đảm mắt bạn lướt qua từ Điều giúp bạn tiết kiệm thời gian việc xác định khoảng thông tin - Đọc lượt toàn câu hỏi phần T/F/NG để xác định khoảng cần tìm kiếm thông tin - Đọc kỹ câu hỏi, ý phân biệt bạn hỏi “facts” hay “opinions” - Lướt lại đọc, xác định paragraph sentence cần đọc kỹ Take note vào cần - Đọc lại câu hỏi để trả lời Chú ý đến thủ thuật - Gạch chân cụm đọc bạn dùng để trả lời câu hỏi, giúp bạn tập trung vào câu hỏi sửa sai bạn kiểm tra lại Exercise 1: You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on reading passage below Attitude of language It is not easy to be systematic and objective about language study Popular linguistic debate regularly deteriorates into invective and polemic Language belongs to everyone, so most people feel they have a right to hold an opinion about it And when opinions differ, emotions can run high Arguments can start as easily over minor points of usage as over major policies of linguistic education Language, more oven is a very public behavior so it is easy for different usages to be noted and criticized No part of society or social behavior is exempt: linguistic factors influence how we judge personality, intelligence, social status, educational standards, job aptitude, and many other areas of identity and social survival As a result, it is easy to hurt, and to be hurt, when language use is unfeelingly attacked ln its most general sense prescriptivism is the view that one variety of language has an inherently higher value than others, and that this ought to be imposed on the whole of the speech community The view is propounded especially in relation to grammar and vocabulary, and frequently with reference to pronunciation The variety which ls favoured, in this account, ls usually a version of the ‘standard’ written language, especially as encountered in literature, or in the formal spoken language which most closely reflects this style Adherents to this variety are said to speak or write ‘correctly'; deviations from lt are said to be 'incorrect` All the main languages have been studied prescriptlvely, especially in the 18th century approach to the writing of grammars and dictionaries The aims of these early grammarians were threefold: (a) they wanted to codify the principles of their languages, to show that there was a system beneath the apparent chaos of usage (b) they wanted a means of settling disputes over usage, and (c) they wanted to point out what they felt to be common errors, in order to ‘improve' the language The authoritarian nature of the approach is best characterized by its reliance on 'rules' of grammar Some usages are prescribed; to be learnt and followed accurately; others are proscribed to be avoided ln this early period, there were no half-measures: usage was either right or wrong and it was the task of the grammarian not simply to record alliterative but to pronounce judgement upon them These attitudes are still with us, and they motivate a widespread concern that linguistic standards should be maintained Nevertheless, there is an alternative point of view that is concerned less with standards than with the facts of linguistic usage This approach ls summarized in the statement that it is the task of the grammarian to describe not prescribe to record the facts of linguistic diversity, and not to attempt the impossible tasks evaluating language variation or halting language change In the second half of the 18 th century, we already find advocates of this view, such as Joseph Priestley, whose Rudiments of English Grammar (1761) insists that ‘the custom of speaking is the original and only just standard of any language `Linguistic issues, it is argued, cannot be solved by logic and legislation And this view has become the tenet of the modem linguistic approach to grammatical analysis In our own time, the opposition between ‘descriptivists' and 'prescriptivists' has often become extreme with both sides painting unreal pictures of the other Descriptive grammarians have been presented as people who not care about standards, because of the way they see all forms of usage as equally valid Prescriptive grammarians have been presented as blind adherents to a historical tradition The opposition has even been presented in quasi-political terms - of radical liberalism vs elitist conservatism Questions 1-8 Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1? In boxes 1-8 in your answer sheet, write YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer NO if the statement contradicts the claims ol the writer NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this There are understandable reasons why arguments occur about language People feel more strongly about language education than about small differences in language usage Our assessment of a persons intelligence is affected by the way he or she uses language Prescriptive grammar books cost a lot of money to buy in the 18th century Prescriptivism still exists today According tc descriptivist it is pointless to try to stop language change Descriptivism only appeared alter the 18th century Both descriptivists and prescriptivists have been misrepresented (From: Cambridge English Ielts 9, Cambridge University Press) Suggested answer: Exercise 1: YES, NO, YES, NOT GIVEN, YES, YES,7 NO, YES, 1.1.2 Dạng 2: Matching Headings - Đọc câu hỏi Thông thường số lượng headings nhiều số paragraphs ý xem có câu "You may use any headings more than once" hay không Nếu có người đọc sử dụng heading đến lần - Đọc lượt headings để nắm nội dung toàn nói Học sinh loại bỏ headings vô duyên (dựa vào cảm giác) Tuy nhiên loại bỏ có xác suất 50% - Sau học sinh nên quay lại đọc paragraph, tìm topic sentence/ý đoạn Topic sentence ý khác nào? Topic sentence câu chủ đề, nằm đầu cuối đoạn Tuy nhiên có topic sentence bày sẵn cho ăn cách dễ dàng Nó bị ẩn hoàn toàn Đó lúc tìm ý Ý đoạn từ quan trọng, từ lặp lặp lại nhiều lần Những câu nêu lên kết quả, bắt đầu As a result, Consequently, Therefore ý đoạn Nếu bạn cho nói đến dài ý đoạn coi chừng, ý phụ mà Lưu ý: Câu Topic Sentence bị paraphrased hoàn toàn ý phụ bị paraphrased nửa vời mà - Học sinh dựa vào từ nối để xác định Topic Sentence - Trong trường hợp học sinh bị nhầm lẫn định chọn heading cho paragraphs đề câu "you may use any headings more than once" chọn Bởi người đọc có câu Exercise 2: You should spend about 15 minutes on Questions – which are based on Reading Passage below The History of Paper A When we think of the origins of paper, our minds might wander back over 5000 years ago to the Nile river valley in Egypt It was there that a marsh grass called Cyperous Papyrus flourished The Egyptians cut thin strips from the plant’s stem and softened them in the muddy waters of the Nile These strips were then layered in right angles to form a kind of mat The mat was then pounded into a thin sheet and left in the sun to dry The resulting sheets were ideal for writing on Since they were also lightweight and portable they became the writing medium of choice of the Egyptians, Greeks and Romans for record keeping, spiritual texts and works of art B Paper as we know it today comes from another source, China It wasn’t until the 3rd century that the secret art of papermaking began to creep out of China, first to Vietnam and later to India It made its true push westward in 751AD when the Tang Dynasty was at war with the Islamic world During a battle on the banks of the Tarus River, Islamic warriors captured a Chinese caravan which happened to include several papermakers They spirited them away to Samarkand, which soon became a great centre for paper production Finally, when the Moors from North Africa invaded Spain and Portugal they brought the technology with them and so it was that papermaking entered Europe in the 12th century C In Europe, the use of papyrus had dropped out in the 9th century The preferred medium for the artists and literati of the time was the smooth and lustrous parchment However, parchment - made from animal skin - was extremely expensive The notion of paper being used as a practical everyday item did not occur until the 15th Century when Johann Gutenburg perfected movable type and sparked off a revolution in mass communication The birth of the modern paper and printing industry is commonly marked from this time D Printing technology rapidly developed and created an ever increasing demand for paper Early european paper was made from recycled cotton and linen - and a huge trade quickly developed around the trading of old rags It is said that the black plague entered England from Europe on these old rags Others experimented with fibres such as straw, cabbage, wasp nests and finally wood This resulted in inexpensive - and replaceable - materials for paper making Today, the long soft fibres of softwoods such as spruce have become the most suitable source of pulp for mass production E The demand for paper also created the need for greater efficiency in production In the late 18th century the labours of Nicholas Luis Robert resulted in the creation of a machine that could produce a seamless length of paper on an endless wire mesh with squeeze rollers at one end Perfected and marketed by the Fourdrinier brothers, the new machine made papers that soon replaced traditional single sheets made by hand In Europe and America, the mass-production of paper became a thriving industry supplying huge volumes of paper for a huge variety of purposes F Papermaking in essence is a simple process Whether using recycled materials or fresh organic matter, the process starts as the material is shredded into small strips and soaked overnight to loosen the fibres Next, the fibres are boiled for to hours, being turned every so often When finished, the fibres are washed with fresh water to remove impurities and then small particles or specks are removed by hand The fibres are beaten in a blender creating a creamy pulp At this stage, dyes can be added to create coloured papers The pulp is then poured into a large tub and the fibres are suspended in the water Framed screens are lowered into the water and then lifted to the surface catching the fibres onto the screen The screens are then dried, pressed and smoothed G In the west, as industrial paper production boomed, the art of hand paper-making has been driven nearly to extinction - being practiced only by a few fine artists and crafts people However, in small areas throughout Asia, the tradition has lived on through regular and rice paper made by hand Incidentally, the traditional Asian paper which is often referred to as “rice paper” is not made from rice fibres at all More commonly it is made from the versatile mulberry tree - varieties of which are also used for feeding silkworms and in medicine In contrast to the cold precision and standardisation which industrial production demands, the soft, subtle textures and natural feeling of handmade paper is said to echo the warm heart of the papermaker who makes each sheet with devotion H The new Millennium will be dominated by the tremendous progress that has been made in computer science, thus triggering a complete change in our commercial and private communication and information behaviour Does this mean that the paper era will come to an end? The answer is most definitely “No” Clearly there will be a huge amount of data being generated electronically, but the issue is how to preserve it The difficulties of data storage over a long period of time are well known (for example, the durability of disks; frequent changes of hardware and software, electronic breakdowns etc.) Once again, paper offers the most convenient and durable storage option Questions - The reading passage on The History of Paper has paragraphs A – H From the list of headings below choose the most suitable headings for paragraphs B – H Write the appropriate number (i – xi) in boxes – on your answer sheet NB There are more headings than paragraphs, so you will not use them all Example Answer : Paragraph A iv i Arabian Expertise ii Traditional Paper Producers iii Superstition iv The Origins of Paper v The Development of Mass Production vi The Journey to the West vii The Prospects for Paper viii The Age of Experimentation ix The Father of Modern Paper x The Modern Process xi A Change of Material Paragraph B Paragraph C Paragraph D Paragraph E Paragraph F Paragraph G Paragraph H (From: ACADEMIC READING PRACTICE TEST) Suggested answer: Paragraph B VI Paragraph C XI Paragraph D VIII Paragraph E V Paragraph F X Paragraph G II Paragraph H VII 1.1.3 Dạng 3: Gapped - Text Gapped text dạng đọc mà có đọc (text), người ta cắt số câu (sentence) đoạn văn (paragraph) Tất câu (có thể nhiều chỗ trống) trộn lẫn với Học sinh cần phải định xem câu hay đoạn văn phù hợp cho chỗ trống Chọn câu trả lời Để đặt câu hay đoạn văn vào chổ, học sinh cần phải hiểu đoạn văn lẫn câu cần điền định xem có liên kết chặt chẽ với Khi làm cần ý câu phía trước chỗ trống phía sau Ví dụ: John was a young man who had spent all his life in the city and knew little about the countryside (1) John found the work really hard but at the end said that he had really enjoyed himself A ln order to get some idea of life in the country, he went for a holiday at a hotel in a tiny village B ln order to get some idea of life in the country, he arranged to spend a few weeks working on a farm Sentence A fits in quite well with the first sentence of the paragraph - by staying at a hotel in a tiny village he would be able to learn something about the countryside However, there is no suggestion that he did any work when he was there; this clearly does not fit in with the idea of the work being hard, as mentioned in the final sentence of the paragraph However, sentence B fits in with both the first and last sentence - the mention of John working in B is connected with his finding work hard in the final sentence Từ khóa (key words) Mặc dù học sinh cần phải đọc đoạn văn câu cần điền để hiểu nghĩa, việc tìm số từ key word quan trọng thường từ nối câu chủ đề với câu đoạn văn Những từ thường là: this, that, these,those Ví dụ: In the next four exercises, a sentence has been removed from the passage Choose from the four suggested sentences A, B, C, D, which best fills the gap A chaotic situation developed yesterday when traffic lights failed to work at a busy junction near Leeds (5) Although police were on the scene within ten minutes, a queue over four kilometres long had already built up A Fortunately, only two or three vehicles were on the road at the time B The morning rush hour had just begun when lights on the road to Leeds became stuck on red C Fortunately, a passing policeman was immediately able to bring the situation under control D The problem became worse when the lights stopped working Suggested answer: In B we are told that the lights were stuck on red, which means that they failed to work Sentence A is not correct as it states that there were only two or three vehicles on the road although the passage says that the junction was busy and that a large queue had built up Sentence C is incorrect as it is clear that the situation was not brought under control until the police arrived after ten minutes Sentence D is wrong as the problem was that the traffic lights were not working - this was not an extra problem as suggested in D Exercise 3: Read through the following text and then choose the best phrase given below, to fill each of the gaps Write one letter (A-I) in each of the numbered gaps Some of the suggested answers not fit at all You should spend about 10 minutes on Questions 1-6, which are based on Reading Passage below Every teacher knows that not all students are good examinees Some are too tense, become overanxious or too stressed and then perform below expectations just when it matters most Teachers try to help by compensating, believing that if they boost a student’s academic knowledge they will cure his fear of exams So, last year, (1) , I completely rewrote the Business Studies Revision Course at this secondary school The central idea of the course is to treat the examination as an event, a challenge, a performance, much like a sports match, a drama production, or perhaps a major music concert, (2) and very definitely on the public stage The idea is to show that the exam is not a test, but an opportunity to show how good the candidate is The objective is to improve students’ final performance (3 , control and ability to cope The theme of ‘total preparation for performance’ teaches them that (4) are obviously important, they are only two of the five skills required, the others being coping strategies, mental skills and management skills These additions give a new dimension (5) , increasing enjoyment and motivation They widen a student’s focus and help to convince some of the less confident students that there are many ways in which they can actively contribute towards their (6) A those not mattering so much B self-confidence and self-esteem C by increasing self-confidence D relying on my expertise alone E to a student’s revision F but a real desire G while knowledge and examination techniques H but bigger and more important I drawing on my teaching experience and sports psychology skills (Đề thi học sinh giỏi Tỉnh Bắc Ninh 2013-2014) Suggested answer: Exercise 3: I H C G E B 1.1.4 Dạng 4: Multiple choices Kỹ mà em phải sử dụng dạng “SKIMMING SCANNING” - Gạch chân đánh dấu từ khóa câu hỏi hay câu chưa hoàn chỉnh - Ghép từ khóa với từ có văn, học sinh tìm vị trí xác cho câu trả lời - Đọc kỹ phần văn mà người đọc đánh dấu xem họ tìm thấy có từ hay cụm từ trùng với lựa chọn không Sau cần đọc kỹ đoạn thông tin liên quan tìm thấy để hiểu nội dung đưa câu trả lời - Đối với dạng từ khóa thường gặp Wh – question words which, what, where, … - Những lựa chọn nhắc tới đọc, quan trọng em phải chọn câu trả lời cho câu hỏi đó, dựa vào từ khóa tìm gạch chân Ví dụ: Read the paragraph and choose the best answer The visual language apparent in these artworks is unfamiliar, as is the artist, Eva Hesse Her work is as exciting as it is disturbing For many, Hesse’s sculpture refers essentially to the body This, perhaps, does not seem surprising when it is in relation to the body that women are generally assessed Hesse died of a brain tumor in 1970 at the age of 34 It must be an inescapable inevitably, therefore, that her work was read in the context of its time where it has, until recently, been According to the writer, Eva Hesse A is not well-known artist B is very familiar, as is her work C is not a good artist D is strongly attracted by visual language The writer concludes that A Hesse’s work is timeless B The understanding of Hesse’s work has until recently been interpreted only in the context of its time C Hesse’s work is a product of her time and is not relevant to the modern world D Hesse’s work is easy to read KEY A Từ khóa câu hỏi Eva Hesse Câu trả lời chứa câu đoạn văn: “The visual language apparent in these artworks is unfamiliar, as is the artist, Eva Hesse” Vì vậy, B không từ “unfamiliar” từ theo thông tin đọc (tương ứng False); C không nhắc đến đoạn văn (tương ứng Not Given), D dùng để người mà biết công việc cô ấy, thân cô (tương ứng False) Vì vậy, A đáp án hay True B Từ khóa câu hỏi writer conclude Câu trả lời nằm câu cuối đoạn văn: “It must be an inescapable inevitably, therefore, that her work was read in the context of its time where it has, until recently, been largely abandoned“ Dễ dàng thấy B gần cụm từ viết A D không nhắc đến (tương ứng Not given) C có phần đầu (tương ứng False) Vì vậy, B đáp án Exercise 4: Read the following text carefully and then choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) for Questions 1-8 according to the text MIND READING Whether we know it or not, we all practice the skill of guessing people’s thoughts and feelings If a baby starts to cry several hours after drinking his last bottle, his mother knows he’s hungry But suppose a woman’ eyes brim with tears while she watches a DVD Her husband wonders what she is so upset about She might tell him directly: “This movie is all about a doomed romance.” That may be true but she could be thinking about how the story reminds her of her own marital troubles Maybe she’s feeling hurt because she thinks her husband should realize what’s bothering her Or may be she isn’t even aware that her real-world concerns are intensifying her reaction to the fictional couple Quickly he searches his mental files – on his wife’s relationship history, on her reaction to their last row, on the way she reacts to similar movies He watches the expression flickering across her face and it hits him: she knows about his girlfriend! Every day, whether we’re pushing for a raise or judging whether a friend really likes our redecorating spree, we’re reading each other’s minds Drawing on our observations, our memories, our powers of reason, and our wellsprings of emotion, we constantly make educated guesses about what another person is feeling Throughout the most heated argument or the most lighthearted chat, we’re intently collecting clues to what’s on the other person’s mind “It’s a perceptual ability I call mind sight,” says Daniel Seigel, psychiatrist at UCLA Mind reading of this sort – not to be confused with the infallible superhero kind of telepathy – is a critical human skill It enables us to negotiate, compete, cooperate, and achieve emotional closeness with others Mind-reading ability is perhaps the most urgent element of social intelligence It’s astonishing that we can peer into each other’s minds at all, but in truth we generally don’t it at all well Strangers (who are videotaped and later report their thoughts and feelings, as well as their assessments of their counterpart’s thoughts and feelings) read each other with an average accuracy rate of 20 per cent Close friends and marital couples nudge that up to 35 per cent And “hardly anyone ever scores higher than 60 percent,” reports psychologist William Ickes, the father of empathic accuracy, who based at the University of Texas at Arlington Ickes is eager to shoot down one of the oldest myths about mind reading – that women have some intuitive advantage He explains why the gender stereotype persists “It may be not an ability gap, but an incentive gap.” Support for such an interpretation comes from a study in which researchers offered cash bonuses to participants for accurately reading others’ minds The payments “wiped out any difference between men’s and women’s performances,” suggesting that men can read minds when they want to Our ability to mind read has an ancient roots, says Ross Buck, a professor of communication sciences at the University of Connecticut Over thousands of years of evolution, human systems of communication grew more sophisticated, as living and working arrangements became more complex Mind reading became a tool which to “create and maintain the social order,” as Buck puts it It helped to know when to affirm a commitment to a mate or defuse a dispute with a neighbor Of course, in order to advance our own interests, we still needed to conceal feelings at times, and even to lie “ We didn’t always want to show exactly what we were thinking, because others could use that to gain the upper hand,” says Buck Our merely adequate mind sight, then can be thought of “as the product of a compromise between the need to show and the need to hide our true selves” This delicate balance between perceiving and concealing has served humans well, but Siegel worries that mind-reading ability is now on the decline in our culture Today’s obsessed-with-success parent spend so much time stimulating their children with structured activities, noisy toys, and “Baby Einstein’s DVDs, they are not sitting still and being “present” with their kids As a result, they deny children the opportunity to learn how to get in tune with another person, physically and emotionally – that is, to develop mind sight A reasonable degree of mind sight is required, he says, for a civil society in which adults are kind to one another Reading body language is a core component of mind reading Researchers have shown that when watching a body’s movements reduced to points of light on a screen, observers can still read sadness, anger, joy, fear and romantic love After so many years of mind-reading evolution, we’re primed to read emotion into movement, even when there’s very little to go on Facial expressions are also cues Despite the 3,000 different expressions we may deploy each day, it’s the fleeting micro-expressions that betray many feelings Unfortunately, the vast majority of us are terrible at detecting them Still we tent to focus on other’s eyes, and that helps us The many surrounding muscles make them a richer source of clues than other parts of the face: downcast in sadness, staring hard with jealousy, or glancing around with impatience We know even more about someone’s mind from the way the components of conversation fit together – someone’s words, gestures, and pitch of voice may seem either compatible or incongruous But despite all we glean from body language and voice tone, Ickes finds, it’s the content of speech that contributes most to our success at mind reading Words matter What point is exemplified by the description of the husband and wife’s behavior while watching the DVD? A Women are more emotional than men B Adults have more complex needs than children C People can easily misinterpret each other’s feelings D Relationships require honesty to be successful 2 What we learn about the way that mind sight works in the second paragraph? A People are often unaware that they are reading another person’s mind B People use both an intellectual process and an emotional one to read minds C People make greater efforts to mind read in formal situations than in informal ones D People often believe that their ability to read minds is a supernatural one What does William Ickes suggest about people’s ability to read minds? A It decreases under the stress of test conditions B It works well in long-established relationships C It is something which is predetermined by gender D It is affected by an individual’s motivation Which of the following best summarizes Ross Buck’s theory about mind reading? A The ability to mind read probably developed before speech B Communities could function effectively because of mind reading C Mind reading is a form of dishonesty which is unique to humans D Good mind readers tend to reveal little about themselves According to Daniel Siegel, people are loosing their ability to read minds because modern parents A fail to interact effectively with their children B not spend enough time with their children C expect greater academic achievement from their children D are often too stressed to be positive role models 6 What are we told about the influence of visual information on our ability to read minds? A People are instinctively able to interpret the meaning of gestures B Some people have difficulty interpreting the full range of human expression C Eye movement is the most significant source of information for mind reading D It is harder for a person to fake their body language than the tone of their voice In these paragraphs, the writer is A demonstrating ways to improve our mind-reading ability B suggesting when mind reading is most valuable C explaining how the ability to read someone’s mind works D expressing doubt about people’s claims to be good mind readers Suggested answer: Exercise 4: 1C, 2B, 3D, 4B, 5A, 6A, 7C (From: Amanda French, Ready for CAE teacher’s book Peter Sunderland, Cambridge Universiry Press) 1.1.5 Dạng 5: Fill in the blank with a suitable word (tìm từ thích hợp để điền vào chỗ trống) Đây dạng cho văn có 10 chỗ trống 15 từ cho sẵn Chọn 10 từ thích hợp điền vào chỗ trống Ví dụ: Bài đọc dài khoảng 150 từ có 10 từ bỏ trống Chọn số 15 từ cho sẵn từ phù hợp để điền vào chỗ trống Cách thức làm tập bạn phải đọc toàn text có liên kết câu trước sau đoạn văn; xem xét cấu trúc ngữ pháp để bạn dễ dàng lựa chọn đáp án * Xác định thể loại 15 từ cho sẵn nghĩa chúng (nếu nghĩa chúng không nên lo lắng mà để nguyên nghĩa tiếng Anh) * Xác định thể loại từ chỗ trống cần điền thuộc thể loại từ nhìn vào từ cho sẵn có thể loại để lựa chọn (vì thể bạn phải lựa chọn 15 từ đơn giản đạt kết cao hơn) * Điền chỗ trống dễ lựa chọn nhất, chỗ trống khó điền sau * Đánh số vào từ lựa chọn để lựa chọn đáp án khác * Câu khó để cuối làm theo phương pháp loại suy  ... behavior so it is easy for different usages to be noted and criticized No part of society or social behavior is exempt: linguistic factors influence how we judge personality, intelligence, social... for paper making Today, the long soft fibres of softwoods such as spruce have become the most suitable source of pulp for mass production E The demand for paper also created the need for greater... Frequency (often, sometimes…), Adverbs of Possibility (probably, likely…), Quantifiers (some, many…) Modal Verbs (can, should, must…) chúng thay đổi hoàn toàn ý nghĩa câu hỏi so với đọc - Cẩn