MAJOR NATURAL ISOTOPES Be H - 99.980 /0 2­ 002% He I - 100% I B - 10 - 19.9' I 20 - 92.5% I Na 13 - 23 - 100% , N 1.008 14 - 99.63~'o 15· 0.37°'0 IK 39 - 93.3% 41 - 7% Ca 40 - 96.9% 42 - 0.7"'0 44 - 2.1 °0 Mg 24 _ 79_0'0 25 _ 10.0% 26 _ 11 0% o AI 16 - 99.8% 27 - 100% 18 - 02%J Si 36 - 0.3% 3% 9.3%1 12 - 98.9% 1.1 °'0 I 4.7% 3.1% P 31 - 100% 45 - 100% Ti 47 48 49 50 32 - 95.0% 8% 0~/O · 3% - 73.8°!0 - 5% - 5.4°'0 55 - 100% Fe 54 - 5.9°'0 56 - 91.7% 57 - 2.1°'0 59 - 100% Ni 61 - 62 64 - 1.1°'0 3.6°'0 9% Cu 74 - 35 78 - 4% 67 - 4.1 % 68 - 18 8°'0 Ga 75 - 100°'0 85 - 72 ,2% 87 - 27.8% 9% 76 - 9.4% 77 - 6°'0 78 - 23.8% 80 - 49.6% 7% Br 81 - 49_3% Kr 80 - 3% 82 - 11 6% 83 - 11 5% 84 - 57 0% 71 - 39.9°'0 86 - 17 3% 96 98 · l in 5% 1.9% 99 • 12.7% Sr 86 87 - 9°'0 7.0° v 89 - 100°/0 Zr 74 - 69 - 60.1 % I Ru 88 - 82 6% 79 - 50.7% 66 - 27.9% 53 - 5% 54 - 2.4",'0 7 0.10 0/ 82 - 63 - 69.2°'0 65 - 30.8% 51 - 99.7% 52 - 83.8% 73 - Se 64 - 48.6°'0 50 - 40,.0 70- 21.2% As Co 3% Cr I Rb 72 - 27.7% Zn IV 50 - S 33 - I Ge 58 - 68 1Q/o 60 - 26.2°'0 Sc 46 - 28 - 92.2% 29 30 - Mn 40 - 99.6°'0 - 90.5% 21 22 - C 7.5% 19 - 100% Ne _ -1 00% I 11 - 80.10'0 Li Ar F 100 101 102 104 - 12.6'­ - 17.1% - 31 6~o - 18.6 % Rh 103 - 100°'0 113 - 4.3% 11 28 115 - 95.7% 129 130 131 11 - 0~'0 116 _ 145°0 132 Sn 117 _ 7% WITH % OF OCCURRENCE I Xe Nd - 1.9% 11 42 _ 2:.1°'° - 26.4°'0 143 _ 12.20'0 - 4.1 % _ 21 2% 144 - 23.8% J - 26.9°,0 134 - 10.4% I Gd 154 - 2.2°'0 11 _ 24.20/0 136 - 8.9% 148 - Tb Cs 159 - 176 - Oy Hf Pd - Nb Lu 175 _ 97.40/0 119 - 6% 150 - Pm Sm Sb La I Os 186 6% 180 - 01°'0 187 -_ 1.6°,0 181 _ 9999% 188 - 133°'0 ' W 180 - 35 1% ° 194 - 32.9°'0 195 - 33.8°'0 196- 253° 198 - 2% Au 187-62.6% 197­ 100% 14 H 'T 15 H y 232 _ 1000, ° Pa 209 - 100% At 231 - 100% 210 - 1000~ IU ® 235 - 70: 203 _ 29.5% 222 - 100% 238 - 99 3% 205 - 70.5% Fr Pb 18 223 - 100% Ra 204­ 4~0 206 - 24_ ~o 207 - 22.1 "­ 226 - 100% 208 -52 4°" 227­ 100% 14.01 Er P Rn I TI Pt 185 - 37.4 Yo 13 ( 20 - 13.2% 202 - 29.9% 204 - 9% 183 - 14 3% Re 209 - 100% 200 - 23 % 191 - 37.3% 193 - 62 7% 186 - 28.6% Bi 198 -_ 10.0% 199 16.9% 189 - 161 % Ir Th Hg 190 - 26.4°'0 192 - 1.0% 182 - 26.3°0 2.6% 11 64 - 30.7% 176 _ 5.2% 177- 18.6% 178 _ 27 3% 179 - 13.6% Ag Mo I Ta 170 - 3.1 % 155 - 14 8°'° 1171 - 14.3% 156 _ 20.5% 172 - 21.9°'0 157 _ 157°/"0 173 - 16.1% 174 - 31 ,8% 158 - 24.8% 176 - 12 7% 160 - 1.9% 120 - 32.6% I 133 - 100% 1.5% 102 - 02°'0 122 - 4.6°,0 160 145 tl1ti 11 2% 104 - 11.1 %, 124 - 5.8°'0 Ba - syn e c 161 - 18.9°'0 134 _ 2.40/0 17.2% 105 - 22.3% 135 _ 60'0 162 - 25 5~0 17.4°'0 106 - 27.3% ' 163 - 24.9% 2.8°'0 108 - 26.5 '0 121-57 40'0 _ ° 136 9% 144 3.1 % 164 _ 28 2% 110 - 11.7% 123 42.6 Yo 137 - 11.2% 147 _ 15.000 93 - 100% Te 138 - 71.7% Ho 107 - 51 8% 148 - l' ~lo 165 - 100% 109 - 48 2% 122 - 2.6% 1 149 _ 13.8% I 92 - 14.8°'0 123 - 0.9°'0 138 _ 0.1 0'0 I 94­ 9.3% 124 - 8% 139 -99.gc' "o 11 50 - 7.4% 164 - 1.6% 95 - 15.9°'0 106· O ~'o 125 - 7, ~'0 152 - 26 7% 166 - 33.6% 96 - 16.7 ~lo 108 - '10 126 - 18.9% 154 - 22.71:}0 167 - 23.0% 97 - 9.6 0"0 110 - 12.5% 128 - 31 7% 140 - 88.4% 168 - 26 8% 98 - 24.1% 111 - 12.8% 11 - 24 1% 130 - 33.9°/0 142 - 11 1% 170 - 14.9% 1100 - 9.6% 113 - 12.2% 151 - 47,8% 114 - 28.7% 93 - syntheHcl 11 - ~o 127 - 100°'0 141 - 100% 153 - 52.2% 169 - 1000; 90 91 92 94 96 I Vb T8 16 Ac 17 16.00T'""9'"19.00 Cd Ce ~ Eu Tc Pr ;:c Tm t:"" o en 'It: > ~ > o ~ ~ ~ oc:: ~ t:"" Z t"'l Atomic _ Number Atomic Weight Radioac tive Element Sy mbol OKidation States Name st Ionization Potential 251 99 252 259 103 262 Electron ConfiguraHall 32 642 IRnjSI'7,' (Rn151"7s IRn]Sf n 7S IRnl5f U 7s1 IRnj5I'47,' IRnI5I"6d'7S' ~PERTIES PHYSICA L -0 MEASUREMENT & UNITS ,J_HH CO~V'1V1 ~iiiiiiiiiiiiiiilJJlJJ U = ZZ ""'\1=11 N - - OW c in U1 () ~ ",=l.n""-.l -.o!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!~[);1 z U1~ru I _ ru '" ~ _rutn ;." Ir " U1 -U1~~ === ru _Ol=-'[J"'" I =N ""'.g mass: kil ogram (kg ) = I.DOO g 2.20.:\6 pound length : metcr (m) = 100.m ~ 1.093 yard = IO IIIA ti me: second (s ) temperature: Keh ·in (K) volume: liter (L ) = 1.000 mL = 1.0567 quart pressure: Pascal Pa (N m ): I aIm = 101.3 25 Pa force: Newton N (J ·m); charge: coulomb C energy: Joule J (kg m 2,s2) = 0.2390 I calori e '''""" N- · N=I:-I D T (K) = T (' C) + 273.16 ~ -'''-'- - ~ "" g 1+373 K wate r ­ ~~~ - _~~tt _ ;,1ZQ -U-· 310 K _ _Q6_t _ ?P-Q ­ -­ -­ 293 K Room temp Prefixes: tera T (10 12 ) kilo k ( 10' ) micro ~I ( 1(/' ) T ( F) = 9/5 x T e C) + 32 mega M I IOf,) milli m (1 ' ) pico p (10- 12 ) giga G (10" ) centi c (10-' ) nano n ( I(r " ) TYPES OF MATTER : Freezing - ­ - I _3?~t _ _ _ water Fahrenheit a- ,'-C ­ J.l- 273 K Celsius Kelvin .0 _-.0 ~ =\.11 1::-1 FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS R = 8.31 J mole-I K ­ I (for energy calculation) Force: Ne\~lOn N K 1.673 x 10-27 kg M ass of a neutron, mn = 1.67 x 10­27 kg = I1ll - = kg m 5-1 J2 _ C::iO - c co R n :::Ja ~ Boltzmann constant: k = RIN" = 1.38 x I0-23 molccule-I K-I Mass of an electron, me Ul CD ::J Elementary charge of the electron, e: 1.602 x IO- I ~ C Planck's Constant, h: 626 x 10­34 J a.~ 'Liquid !.lHtat Tm =triple point BOiling Point LiquidH Gas sp=sublimation point hex Symbol gas Elemental Abundance mg per kg of crust °e and 1atm; , fcc=face-centered cubic rhom=rhombohedra) - =unknown bcc=body-centered cubic orth o=ort hohombic mono=monoclinic Melting Point °e & 1atm SolidH Liquid 4788 1750 1572 I 13 1135 644 3228 640 2011 11 76 I 3100 1345 1050 900 860 1527 827 827 1627