Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
ANH VĂN CHUYÊN NGÀNH CÔNG NGHỆ SINH HỌC ENZYME, GIỚI THIỆU TỪ MỚI VÀ MỘT SỐ KIẾN THỨC TỔNG QUAN VỀ ENZYME Enzymes act on specific molecules. The substrate is the substance on which the enzyme acts. A carbohydrase is an enzyme that acts on carbohydrate molecule and breaks it down into smaller units. The specific enzyme that breaks down carbohydrate maltose is called maltase. Carbohydrases break down carbohydrates into monosaccharides. Amylase breaks down starches into smaller molecules. Proteases break down protein into amino acids and peptides. There are additional enzymes that function in the body.
UNIT 4: ENZYMES – A VERY SPECIAL GROUP OF PROTEINS GVHD: Ths Tran Hong Bao Quyen By: Group Danh sách nhóm HỌ VÀ TÊN BÙI THỊ KIM ANH HỒ VĂN BAN NGUYỄN THỊ DUYÊN PHẠM NGỌC HÀ NGUYỄN THỊ THOA NGUYỄN THỊ THU THỦY LÊ THỊ THU THÚY NGUYỄN HẢI VÂN MSSV 10298741 10294481 10200721 10265761 10263841 10261391 10289881 10214421 ENZYME (CONT) Specific [spə’sifik] (adj): đặc hiệu, cụ thể Substrate [‘sʌbstreit] (n): chất Starch [‘sta:tʃ] (n): tinh bột Catalyst [‘kӕtəlist] (n): chất xúc tác Require [ri’kwaiə] (v): phụ thuộc, đòi hỏi, cần đến Unique [ju:’ni:k] (adj): nhất, độc đáo, khác thường, lạ thường Attraction [ə’trӕkʃn] (n): thu hút, hấp dẫn, lôi Tertiary structure: cấu trúc bậc ba Three dimensional: không gian ba chiều Explain [iks’plein] (v): giải thích Fit [fit] (v): phù hợp, thích hợp, ăn khớp Bond [bɔnd] (n): liên kết Cleave [kli:v] (v): phân cắt Selective [si’lektiv] (adj): có tính chọn lọc VOC A BUL A RY Pa r a g r a p h Enzymes act on specific molecules The substrate is the substance on which the New words enzyme acts A carbohydrase is an enzyme that acts on carbohydrate molecule and breaks it down into smaller units The specific enzyme that breaks down specific: đặc hiệu, cụ thể carbohydrate maltose is called maltase Carbohydrases break down carbohydrates into monosaccharides Amylase breaks down starches into smaller molecules Proteases break down protein into amino acids and peptides There are additional enzymes that function in the body substrate: chất starches: tinh bột Pa r a g r a p h New words • Enzyme are biological catalysts that provide a reaction pathway that requires less energy than would otherwise be needed But how they this catalysts: chất xúc tác requires: phụ thuộc, đòi hỏi, cần đến Paragraph (Cont) New words An enzymes combines with a reactant called a substrate Each enzymes binds with a specific substrate The attraction of an enzyme to a substrate is called substrate specificity Proteins have a tertiary structure which gives them a three dimensional shape Since enzymes are proteins, they have a unique tertiary structure Only a certain substrate can react with a particular enzyme because of the unique structure Unique: nhất, độc đáo, khác thường, lạ thường Attraction: thu hút, hấp dẫn, lôi tertiary structure: cấu trúc bậc ba three dimensional: không gian ba chiều Paragraph (Cont) New words The lock-and-key theory explains how enzymes and substrates react The enzyme is like a lock that has a special structure The substrate is like a key which has a special structure that will fit the lock Some enzymes are very specific in their reaction and others are more general Explains: giải thích Fit: phù hợp, thích hợp, ăn khớp Paragraph (Cont) Some enzymes act on specific groups; for example, a transaminase transfers New words amino groups and decarboxylase removes carboxyl groups Some enzymes catalyze reactions that break specific types of bonds, for example, a protease cleaves peptide binds Some enzymes catalyze very specific reactions Urease has only substrate: urea Therefore, enzymes are very selective molecules bonds: liên kết cleaves: phân cắt selective: có tính chọn lọc GAMESHOW SPEED RULES: The game consists of 15 rows, each row is one new word in this unit We will open letters one by one to discover rows Every 10 seconds a letter in any of the rows will be opened, you can reply answers at any time, before all characters are opened and time up After giving the correct answer, you have to translate it to Vietnamese After that, you have to find out an any sentence in paragraphs of unit that compost of the row you have just discovered, say it aloud and translate it to Vietnamese, too The time for each row divided into parts with levels of gifts At each row, you have only one opportunity to answer and throughout the game, you have only opportunities to give correct answer and receded maximum gifts at all You answer continuously until any one gives correct answer Not limit the number of people take part in the game C L E A PHÂN CẮT V E A T T R A C T SỰ THU HÚT I O N F I PHÙ HỢP T T S E T R R T U I C A T R U CẤU TRÚC BẬC BA Y R E S E L E C T I CÓ TÍNH CHỌN LỌC V E B O N LIÊN KẾT D R E Q U I PHỤ THUỘC R E T D I M E H R N S E I E O N KHÔNG GIAN CHIỀU A L S U B S T R CƠ CHẤT A T E E X P L A GIẢI THÍCH I N S P E C I ĐẶC HIỆU F I C U N I Q DUY NHẤT U E C A T A L Y CHẤT XÚC TÁC S T M O L E C U PHÂN TỬ L E THANKS FOR YOUR LISTENING! [...]... C T SỰ THU HÚT I O N F I PHÙ HỢP T T S E T R R T U I C A T R U CẤU TRÚC BẬC BA Y R E S E L E C T I CÓ TÍNH CHỌN LỌC V E B O N LIÊN KẾT D R E Q U I PHỤ THUỘC R E T D I M E H R N S E I E O N KHÔNG GIAN 3 CHIỀU A L S U B S T R CƠ CHẤT A T E E X P L A GIẢI THÍCH I N S P E C I ĐẶC HIỆU F I C U N I Q DUY NHẤT U E C A T A L Y CHẤT XÚC TÁC S T M O L E C U PHÂN TỬ L E THANKS FOR YOUR LISTENING! ...Danh sách nhóm HỌ VÀ TÊN BÙI THỊ KIM ANH HỒ VĂN BAN NGUYỄN THỊ DUYÊN PHẠM NGỌC HÀ NGUYỄN THỊ THOA NGUYỄN THỊ THU... LÊ THỊ THU THÚY NGUYỄN HẢI VÂN MSSV 10298741 10294481 10200721 10265761 102 638 41 1026 139 1 10289881 10214421 ENZYME (CONT) Specific [spə’sifik] (adj): đặc hiệu, cụ thể Substrate